The Ancient Egyptians
3000 BCE - 30 BCE
Ancient Egyptian History
Periods | Time Frame |
Nile Culture Begins | 3900 B. C. E. |
Archaic | 3100 – 2650 B. C. E. |
Old Kingdom | 2650 – 2134 B. C. E. |
Middle Kingdom | 2040 – 1640 B. C. E. |
New Kingdom | 1550 – 1070 B. C. E. |
Late Period | 750 – 332 B. C. E. |
Greek Ptolemaic Era | 332 – 30 B. C. E. |
Roman Period | 30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E. |
A Balance of Power: 1300s BCE
The Battle of Kadesh
Circa 1285 BCE,
The Treaty of Kadesh
Ramses II at Kadesh
Kushites (Nubians) in the Egyptian world
Kingdom of Kush�[295 BCE – 320 CE]
Nubia�[modern-day Sudan]
Pyramids of Kush at Meroë
The Assyrian Empire
Assyria uses military might and cruelty to acquire an empire across Mesopotamia
Assyrian Military Power
Assyrian soldiers carrying away the enemy’s gods.
Jewish Captives: 8c BCE
Israelites in Captivity
Babylon under the Chaldeans
Nebuchadnezzar’s Babylon
Ishtar Gate
The Hanging Gardens�of Babylon?
The Persian Empire
By governing with tolerance and wisdom, the Persians establish a well-ordered empire that lasts for 200 years.
Cyrus the Great
reigned 559-530 BCE
Cyrus the Great
Cyrus’ tomb (Iran)
“Persian Immortals” Archers & Elite Soldiers
Persepolis (built by Darius the Great)
The People of Persepolis
The Ruins of Ancient Persepolis
Persian “Royal Road”
Darius’ most humiliating defeat against a much weaker force?
THe Battle of Marathon (490BCE)
Zoroaster, 600 BCE:�Good Thoughts, Good Deed, Good Words
Zoroaster preaching
Extent of Zoroastrianism
Dualistic Battle of �Good vs. Evil
Ahura Mazda�“Holy Spirit”
Ahriman�“Destructive Spirit”
• Life is a battleground between good and evil
• God will judge us by how well we fight for good
ETHICAL QUESTION:
Do you need religion to live a moral life?
Master Kong (Kong Fuzi) born as Kong Qiu (551 – 479 B.C.E.)�
Born in the feudal state of Liu.
Lived during a time of chaos and government upheaval, known as the Warring States Period�
Became a teacher and editor of books.
1. Ruler
Subject
2. Father
Son
3. Husband
Wife
4. Older� Brother
Younger�Brother
5. Friend
Friend
Status�
Age�Filial Piety:
(Respect your elders!)
Gender
Do not do unto others what you would not want others to do unto you.
Knowing what he knows and knowing what he does not know, are characteristics of the person who knows.�
Making a mistake and not correcting it, is making another mistake.�
The superior man blames himself; the inferior man blames others.�
To go too far is as wrong as to fall short.
Masculine
Active
Light
Warmth
Strong
Heaven; � Sun�
Feminine
Passive
Darkness
Cold
Weak
Earth;� Moon
“We put thirty spokes together and call it a wheel;
But it is on the space where there is nothing that the usefulness of the wheel depends.
We turn clay to make a vessel;
But it is on the space where there is nothing that the usefulness of the vessel depends.
We pierce doors and windows to make a house;
And it is on these spaces where there is nothing that the usefulness of the house depends.
Therefore just as we take advantage of what is, we should recognize the usefulness of what is not.”
-- Human nature is naturally selfish.
-- Intellectualism and literacy is� discouraged.
-- Law is the supreme authority and� replaces morality.
-- A ruler must rule with a strong,� punishing hand.
CHINA – The Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE)
Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty
The Great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China
Qin Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army
The Terra Cotta Army Soldiers & Cavalry
Cavalry
Individual Soldiers
Qin Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army
CHINA – The Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE)