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Ions & Isotopes!

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IONS

  • Ion = charged
  • An atom typically has a neutral charge, but….
  • When atoms GAIN or LOSE electrons, they become charged IONS!

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ISOTOPES

  • Isotope = same element with different numbers of NEUTRONS!
  • Atomic Mass = an average…you find it by adding the number of protons (which never changes) PLUS the number of neutrons….which can change
  • For example, most atoms of Argon have 22 neutrons, but some only have 21 neutrons

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But what about…

  • So, if atoms gain or lose electrons they become IONS…
  • And if atoms gain or lose neutrons, they become ISOTOPES…
  • Atoms do not “gain” or “lose” protons…b/c if they did, they’d become COMPLETELY different ELEMENTS!
  • Remember, an atom’s # of protons is it’s identity

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Ion, Isotope, or completely different Element?

  • Protons = 33
  • Electrons = 33
  • Neutrons = 42
  • Protons = 34
  • Electrons = 34
  • Neutrons = 47

As

Se

Different number of Protons = Different Element!

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Ion, Isotope, or completely different Element?

  • Protons = 36
  • Electrons = 36
  • Neutrons = 48
  • Protons = 36
  • Electrons = 36
  • Neutrons = 47

Kr

Kr

Isotope! Different number of neutrons!

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Ion, Isotope, or completely different Element?

  • Protons = 9
  • Electrons = 9
  • Neutrons = 10
  • Protons = 9
  • Electrons = 10
  • Neutrons = 10

F

F-

ION! Charged Particle!

Now Draw the Bohr Diagram for Fluorine.

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Ion, Isotope, or completely different Element?

  • Protons = 19
  • Electrons = 19
  • Neutrons = 20
  • Protons = 19
  • Electrons = 18
  • Neutrons = 20

K

K+

ION! Charged Particle!

Now Draw the Bohr Diagram for Potassium.

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one last thing…

  • Metals tend to LOSE electrons in chemical reactions, forming POSITIVE ions

  • Nonmetals tend to GAIN electrons in chemical reactions, forming NEGATIVE ions…