Jasmine

GODI SUSMITHA

Jasmine

SN: Jasminum sambac

FM: Oleaceae

Origin: Tropical and sub tropical regions

• Importance and use
• Jasmine is synonymous to fragrance
• Central Asia, Afghanistan, Iran, Nepal and many Tropical and sub tropical countries
• India exports to Srilanka, Singapore, Malaysia and gulf---- 20 crores/annum
• Grown both as shrub and climber

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• Flowers for garlands, bouquets and veni, religious offerings
• Jasmine oil for perfume, cosmetics, creams etc
• Flowers also used in jasmine tea/herbal tea
• Grown in TN, Karnataka, Kerala, UP, Bihar and west bengal

• Botany
• Jasmine is climbing, trailing and erect shrubby flowering plants
• Both deciduous and evergreen sp
• Leaves are opposite and alternate, simple and trifoliate or pinnate; leaflets entire
• Flowers white, yellow or rarely reddish, solitary or cymose clusters of three to many
• Fruit is black colored berry
• Chromosome number n=13, 2n=26, 39, 52

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• Commercially important sp
• J. auriculatum (South Indian origin)
• Shrubby with shiny leaves and auricles
• Flowers are white, sweet scented borne in cymes
• Corolla lobes are elliptical
• Flowers used for perfume production
• Var: CO 1, CO-2
• J. grandiflorum syn J. officinale var. grandiflorum
• Common/Spanish Jasmine
• Woody bush with pinnate leaves (3-5 leaflets)
• Large white flowers with good frangrance (axis/terminal)
• Var: CO-1, CO-2 (gamma ray mutant of CO-1), Arka Surabhi

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• J. sambac
• Arabian/Tuscan Jasmine (East indies native)
• Evergreen twiner with simple cordate to oblong dark green leaves
• Flowers are white, frangrant borne in three forked cyme, E. oils for perfume
• Var: Double mogra, Gundumalli, Iruvatchi, Kasthurimalli,Madanban, Oosimalli, Ramabanam, Single Mogra, Soojimalli, Arka aradhana
• J. officinale (Persian origin)
• Poet’s jasmine or white jasmine
• Semi evergreen/deciduous climber bearing stalkless leaflets
• White flowers, terminal in loose clusters

• J. multiflorum (J. pubescens)
• Fussy/Downy/Star pinwheel jasmine
• Strong woody vine, with simple opposite leaves
• Flowers sessile, fragrant, large, white in terminal umbels with 6-9 petals
• J. humile (yellow Jasmine)
• It is a roundish semi-evergreen shrub with thick stems, growing 2.5–4 m (8–13 ft) tall by 3 m (10 ft) wide
• It has stout, dark green leaves, with 5-7 imparipinnate leaflets

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J. auriculatum

J. grandiflorum

Jasminum sambac

Double flowered

J. officinale

J. multiflorum

J. humile

• Climate and soil
• Grown in varied climatic condition, mild tropical climate, temp 11-27 C
• Any type of soil suitable with ample water supply
• Good growth in well-drained rich loamy soils
• Soil pH 5-8
• Can be grown on even sandy soils with enough manure and water

• Propagation
• Seed
• Layering
• Cutting
• Budding
• Grafting
• Micropropagation

• Land Preparation and planting
• Jasmine are perennial crops 10-15 yrs
• Care should be taken for land prep
• Pits of 45 cm deep are dug 30 days prior to planting
• Pits filled with FYM, Sand, 500 g neem cake
• J. sambac at 1.2 x 1.2 m spacing (6944 pl/ha)
• J. grandiflorum 1.5 x 1.5 m spacing (4444 pl/ha)

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• Manures and Fertilizers
• FYM 10 kg, 60g N, 120g P, 120g K per plant/year
• Micronutrients Mg, Zn, B and Mo are beneficial
• 10kg Zn/ha, 40kg Mg/ha, 2kg Mo/ha, 5kg B/ha
• Irrigation
• Sufficient moisture is required, sprinkler irrigation save 30% water, drip can also be used
• Basin irrigation once at 15 days in summer and once in a month during winter
• Earthing up to prevent lodging

• Cultural operations
• Weed control
• Manual weeding /chemical weed control is must
• Herbicides Paraquat or glyphosate 2 kg a.i/ha
• Mulching also smothers weed growth
• Pruning
• Pruning influence plant growth, flower bud initiation and production
• Irrigation is with held prior to pruning
• Dead, diseased, past season growth are pruned
• Leaves are also stripped
• Time and intensity of pruning are important
• Chemical defoliants such as Ethrel 1000 ppm, CCC 1000 ppm, SADH, GA3 25-75 ppm, MH 1000-3000 ppm

• Harvesting
• Harvesting starts from 2^nd yr onwards or earlier
• Economic yld from 3^rd yr
• Stage of harvest depends on purpose
• Loose flower: harvested at bud stage
• Concrete extraction : harvested at fully open stage
• Harvesting must be done cooler time of the day
• Manual harvesting common in India, suction harvesters are used in other countries

• Post Harvest Management
• Life span of harvested flowers is short in all jasmines
• Chemical treatment with boric acid or Aluminum sulphate keeps flowers fresh for 72 hrs
• Pre harvest application of Silver Nitrate, BA. Cycocel also effective
• Packing in 300 guage PE bags without vents
• 200 guage PE bags w/o vents stored at cool temp extends shelf life
• Flowers graded and packed in Bamboo baskets/corrugated boxes are sent to distant markets

• Yield

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