Break the circuit by pulling out the VCC resistor and attaching an additional wire
Multimeter works as a wire and completes the circuit
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Continuity
Measures resistance between two points
If resistance is low, it emits a tone
On a breadboard that is NOT POWERED, you can press the probes to two seperate ground pins
Ethernet cable connectivity
Helps troubleshoot a disconnected circuit
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What is an Oscilloscope?
Device that visually represents how voltage changes by displaying a waveform of electronic signals
For complex circuits
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Terminology
Bandwidth: ability to measure a signal. As signal frequency rises, the oscilloscope’s ability to accurately display the signal, decreases. Without adequate bandwidth, all the other features on an oscilloscope mean nothing.
Rise time: frequency range of an oscilloscope. An oscilloscope with faster rise time will accurately capture details of fast transitions.
Sample rate: specified in samples per second or S/s, refers to how frequently an oscilloscope takes a snapshot of the signal. The higher the sample rate, the greater the detail of the displayed waveform.
Waveform capture rate: expressed as waveforms per second (wfms/s) which refers to how quickly an oscilloscope acquires waveforms.
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Vertical: used to position and the scale the waveform vertically, set input coupling, bandwidth limit, and bandwidth enhancement
Horizontal: used to find the sample rate and record length, along with positioning and scaling the waveform horizontally
Trigger: stabilize repetitive waveforms and essentially snap a photo of the waveform