Chapter 3 Colonial America�1587-1770

Section 4 Southern Colonies

In the South

• White males controlled most property
• Plantations (Big Farms) became important to economic growth
• More plantation increased the need for workers
• English criminals and prisoners of war were sent to work
• They could buy their release by working for a period of time (Usually 7 years)
• African rulers sold their prisoners of war to European slave traders
• Enslaved prisoners were taken to the colonies
• Many people came as indentured servants
• They agreed to work without pay for a set about of time for passage to America

Establishing Maryland

• Founded by Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore
• For a safe place for Catholics persecuted in England
• Proprietary colony north of Virginia
• Calvert died and his son Cecilius named it Maryland
• Two of his brothers began to run it in 1634
• Large estates, or pieces of land, were given to English aristocrats
• Many plantations came about and needed labor
• Indentured servants and enslaved Africans were imported

Maryland Boundaries

• Calvert and Penn families argued over boundary
• In the 1760’s they hired Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to map the boundaries
• Also put up a line of stones bearing the Penn and Calvert crests
• The Mason-Dixon line

Section 4

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

The Mason-Dixon line separates which �two states?

A. New Jersey and Pennsylvania

B. New York and Pennsylvania

C. Maryland and Pennsylvania

D. Delaware and Pennsylvania

Another Conflict in Maryland

• Harder to resolve
• Protestants and Catholics were welcomed
• There were more Protestants
• To protect the Catholics, the Act of Tolerance was passed in 1649
• Granted the right to worship freely
• Tensions continued
• 1692- the Protestant Anglican church the official church in Maryland (royal colony)
• Catholics faced the same restrictions they had in England

Virginia

• Settlers continued into Virginia
• Took Native American land
• Virginia Governor William Berkeley made a pledge to Native Americans
• In exchange for a piece of land, he agreed to keep settlers from pushing into their territory
• Nathaniel Bacon, a planter, (along with others) resented the pledge to the Native Americans
• Some settled in these forbidden areas and then blamed the government for not protecting them

Bacon’s Rebellion

• 1676- Bacon led attacks on Native American villages
• Marched to Jamestown and put Berkeley into exile
• Bacon’s sudden death kept him from governing Virginia
• England recalled Berkeley and sent troops to restore order
• Showed that settlers would not be limited to the coast
• The colonial government formed a militia to control Native Americans
• Also opened up more land for settlement

The Carolinas

• 1663- proprietary colony south of Virginia called Carolina
• King Charles II gave land to 8 nobles
• Nobles rented land to settlers from England
• John Locke, an English philosopher, wrote a constitution for Carolina
• “Every man has a property in his own person… The labour of his body, and the work of his hands… are properly his.”

Northern and Southern Carolina

• Farmers from inland Virginia settled in northern Carolina
• They grew tobacco
• Sold timber and tar
• Did not have good harbor so they used Virginia’s ports for trade
• Southern Carolina prospered from fertile farmland and the harbor at Charles Town (Charleston)
• Settlements spread, and trade in deerskin, lumber, and beef thrived

Carolina’s Crops

• Two crops dominated
• Rice grew well in the wet coastal lowlands
• Rice required much labor, so the demand for slave labor rose
• Another crop was developed in the 1740s
• Indigo by Eliza Lucas
• Used to dye textiles
• 1729- Carolina became North Carolina and South Carolina

Section 4

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

Which two crops came to dominate Carolina agriculture?

A. Tobacco and corn

B. Rice and indigo

C. Maize and squash

D. Oranges and strawberries

Georgia

• Founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe
• Last British colony in America
• Place for debtors and poor people to make a fresh start
• In Britain, debtors- those who were not able to repay debts- were imprisoned
• Georgia was supposed to protect the other colonies from the Spanish in Florida
• Savannah, Georgia was set up as barrier against Spanish expansion
• Few debtors came instead, hundreds of poor people arrived from Britain
• Religious refugees from Central Europe and a small group of Jews arrived

Georgia Settlers

• Complained about Oglethorpe’s rules
• Especially the limits on landholding
• Also the bans on slave labor and rum
• Oglethorpe agreed to their demands
• The colony grew slow and Oglethorpe turned Georgia back over to the king

A document that grants the right to organize a settlement in an area is called a

1. charter
2. compact
3. headright
4. policy

What crop was important in making Jamestown and early Virginia an economic success?

• indigo
• tobacco
• potatoes
• rice

Roger Williams clashed with Massachusetts Puritans because

• he converted to Roman Catholicism
• he did not think government should require certain religious beliefs
• he wanted Native American Land
• his views were considered too tolerant

In which type of colony does a person or persons own all the land and control the colony’s government?

• a royal colony
• a charter colony
• a proprietary colony
• a joint-stock company

Men and women who signed contracts to pay for their passage to the Americas were called

• Separatists
• burgesses
• indentured servants
• tenant farmers

What role did Eliza Lucas play in the Southern Colonies?

• she wrote a constitution
• she divided the Carolinas into two colonies
• she developed indigo as an important crop
• she founded Charles Town (later Charleston)