Starter: Recall and Review

1. On one half of your whiteboard write down as many keywords that you can think of to do with reproduction. Do not use your notes.
2. Swap your board with another table
3. On the other half add definitions for the keywords (you can check your notes now)

Keywords

Definition

Course Specification

KA3 Reproduction

• Cells are diploid, except gametes, which are haploid.
• The types of gametes, the organs that produce them and where these are located in plants and animals.
• The basic structure of sperm and egg cells.
• Fertilisation is the fusion of the nuclei of the two haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote, which divides to form an embryo.

Success Criteria

• I can define the keywords gamete, diploid, haploid, fertilisation, zygote, embryo
• I can describe the structure of the human male and female reproductive systems
• I can describe the structure of sperm and egg cells
• I can describe the process of fertilisation

2.3 Reproduction

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1. What is meant by the term diploid?

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• What is meant by the term haploid?

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• Give an example of a cell that is diploid.

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• Give an example of a cell that is haploid.

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Challenge:

Explain why sperm and egg cells only have half the number of chromosomes of normal body cells

2.3 Reproduction

Starter:

1. What is meant by the term diploid? Contains 2 copies of each chromosome (46 in total)
2. What is meant by the term haploid? only contains a single set of 23 unpaired chromosomes.
3. Give an example of a cell that is diploid. Most cell types except sex cells e.g. Skin cell, root hair cell, neuron, bacterial cell
4. Give an example of a cell that is haploid. Sperm cell and Egg cell

Challenge:

Explain why sperm and egg cells only have half the number of chromosomes of normal body cells

The zygote must contain genetic information from the mother and from the father, so the gametes must contain half of the chromosomes found in normal body cells.

What does the picture show?

Chromosomes

Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of our cells. They contain our genetic information.

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Our normal body cells have 46 chromosomes. This is called diploid. This means two sets of chromosomes.

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Gametes (sex cells) only have 23 chromosomes. This is called haploid. Haploid cells only have one set of chromosomes.

Reproduction in Humans

Humans need to produce special cells called gametes for sexual reproduction.

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What are the human gametes?

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Sperm cells Egg Cells

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Where are they produced?

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Testes Ovaries

Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Urethra

Sperm duct

Glands

Scrotum

Testes

Foreskin

Vagina

Ovary

Oviduct

Cervix

Uterus

Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Sperm Duct

Gland

Testis

Penis

Urethra

Scrotum

Foreskin

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

MWB: Match the structure with the function

Oviduct

Uterus

Ovary

Cervix

Vagina

1

2

3

4

5

MWB: Match the structure with the function

Success Criteria

• I can define the keywords gamete, diploid, haploid, fertilisation, zygote, embryo
• I can describe the structure of the human male and female reproductive systems
• I can describe the structure of sperm and egg cells
• I can describe the process of fertilisation

Mammalian Gametes

Thinking back to the lesson on ‘specialised cells’, what can you remember about sperm and egg cells?

Mammalian Gamete Specialisation

Copy this table into your jotters. Watch the video to complete the table.

Mammalian Gamete specialisation

Mammalian Gamete Specialisation

Success Criteria

• I can define the keywords gamete, diploid, haploid, fertilisation, zygote, embryo
• I can describe the structure of the human male and female reproductive systems
• I can describe the structure of sperm and egg cells
• I can describe the process of fertilisation

Human Fertilisation

Egg cell (haploid cell)

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Sperm cell (haploid cell)

ZYGOTE (diploid cell)

SPERM + EGG = ZYGOTE

Fertilisation

Fertilisation is the fusion of nuclei from a male and a female gamete. A new cell is formed, the zygote.

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A zygote is a fertilised egg cell/a cell produced by fusion of nuclei of male and female gametes. It is a diploid cell. It will divide to form an embryo.

Fertilisation

Success Criteria

• I can define the keywords gamete, diploid, haploid, fertilisation, zygote, embryo
• I can describe the structure of the human male and female reproductive systems
• I can describe the structure of sperm and egg cells
• I can describe the process of fertilisation

2023

B

2023

Diagram:

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Draw a diagram showing your keyword

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Uses:

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Definition:

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Linked words:

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This should be in your own words as much as possible to make it easier to remember.

Pick your keyword:

Haploid, diploid, zygote, fertilisation, embryo, gamete

Different words which link to your keyword

Make 3 sentences using this term appropriately.

Success Criteria

• I can define the keywords gamete, diploid, haploid, fertilisation, zygote, embryo
• I can describe the structure of the human male and female reproductive systems
• I can describe the structure of sperm and egg cells
• I can describe the process of fertilisation

• Zygote
• Penis
• Urethra
• Testes
• Sperm duct
• Oviduct
• Ovary
• Fertilisation
• Egg
• Sperm
• Diploid
• Haploid
• Uterus
• Chromosomes
• Gametes

Key Word Bingo

2018

2018

2017

2017

Course Specification

KA3 Reproduction

• Cells are diploid, except gametes, which are haploid.
• The types of gametes, the organs that produce them and where these are located in plants and animals.
• The basic structure of sperm and egg cells.
• Fertilisation is the fusion of the nuclei of the two haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote, which divides to form an embryo.

Starter - Walkabout Bingo

You each have a bingo card, you have to complete your bingo card by asking each other the questions on your card.

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Rules:

You can ask anyone in the classroom

Only one answer can be given per person

You cannot write on your own bingo card

Reproduction in Plants

Course Specification

KA3 Reproduction

• Cells are diploid, except gametes, which are haploid.
• The types of gametes, the organs that produce them and where these are located in plants and animals.
• The basic structure of sperm and egg cells.
• Fertilisation is the fusion of the nuclei of the two haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote, which divides to form an embryo.

Reproduction in Plants

Like animals, plants can also reproduce both sexually and asexually. The sexual organs are inside the flowers. Most flowering plants have flowers with both male and female parts inside them. These sexual organs produce the sex cells or gametes.

Q1) Where are the sexual organs contained in plants?

Q2) What is the male part of the flower?

Q3) Where is pollen produced?

Q4) Name the female part of the flower.

Q5)Where does the pollen land?

Q6) Where are the female sex cells located?

Q7) Name the female gamete in plants.

Q8) Describe pollination.

Q9) Name 1 way pollination can happen.

Q10) How does the pollen nucleus reach the female gamete?

Q11) Where does fertilisation take place in the plant?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8_ScKzLAfE

Q1) Where are the sexual organs contained in plants? Within the flower

Q2) What is the male part of the flower? Stamen

Q3) Where is pollen produced? Anther

Q4) Name the female part of the flower. Carpel

Q5)Where does the pollen land? Stigma

Q6) Where are the female sex cells located? Ovary

Q7) Name the female gamete in plants. Ovule

Q8) Describe pollination. The transfer of pollen from a male anther to a female stigma

Q9) Name 1 way pollination can happen. Wind, water or insects

Q10) How does the pollen nucleus reach the female gamete? It grows a pollen tube

Q11) Where does fertilisation take place in the plant? Within the ovary

Reproduction in Plants

petals

anther

stigma

ovary

nectary

ovules

sepals

Reproduction in Plants

anther

stigma

ovary

nectary

petals

Course Specification

KA3 Reproduction

• Cells are diploid, except gametes, which are haploid.
• The types of gametes, the organs that produce them and where these are located in plants and animals.
• The basic structure of sperm and egg cells.
• Fertilisation is the fusion of the nuclei of the two haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote, which divides to form an embryo.

Pollination

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains (containing the male gamete) from an anther to a stigma (female part of plant). This can occur within the same flower (self-pollination) or between two different flowers (cross – pollination).

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This process should NOT be confused with fertilisation.

Insect Pollination

Flowers have brightly coloured petals and smell sweet to attract the insects.

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Pollen will stick to the insects and be transferred to the stigma of another plant.

Wind Pollination

The flowers are dull and often the anthers are hanging outside of the flower.

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They produce large quantities of pollen.

Plant Fertilisation

Once the pollen grain lands on the stigma, a pollen tube is formed which grows down the female tissue of the plant to the ovules.

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The male gamete travels down the pollen tube to reach the female gamete.

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The nuclei of the gametes fuse (fertilisation) and a zygote is formed.

Flower models

Past exam question

Describe how fertilisation is achieved in a flowering plant. (3 marks)

Mark your answer

Blooket

• https://dashboard.blooket.com/set/616d64f323238b002a74bfef

You Should Now Know…

• Be able to identify and describe a sperm and egg cell.
• Be able to label all of the parts of the male and female reproductive system.
• Know that the word ‘gamete’ is the biological word for sex cells
• State the locations of the gametes in plants and animals.
• Know the terms haploid and diploid.
• Be able to describe pollination.
• Be able to describe fertilisation.
• Know that a zygote is the name given to the cell created from the fusion of the male and female gametes at fertilisation.

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