Xylophagidae - US/Canada (in development)
Authors: Zachary Dankowicz
Last updated: July 2022
Help identify observations on iNaturalist:
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/identify?taxon_id=120352&place_id=1,6712
Xylophagidae of the United States, Canada
23 species in the following genera:
Genera
| Alula margin | Antennae | Eyes | Shape | Cell m3 |
Arthropeas | strongly convex | 7-8 flag. tapering at tip | not emarginate | relatively robust | open |
strongly convex | 7-8 flag. tapering at tip | not emarginate | robust | open | |
Dialysis | strongly convex | apical arista-like stylus | not emarginate | slender | closed(?) |
Rachicerus | nearly straight | 20-35 flag. not tapering at tip | emarginate | slender | closed |
Xylophagus (Xylophagus) | nearly straight | 8 flag. not tapering at tip sca. < 3x ped. | not emarginate | slender | open |
Xylophagus (Archimyia) | nearly straight | 8 flag. not tapering at tip sca. ≥ 3x ped. | not emarginate | slender | open |
Arthropeas
| Location | Shape | Wings | Scutum | Sides of face |
USNM | Eastern | somewhat more slender | distinctly banded | grayish pollinose, with three dark stripes | bare |
magna USNM | Mostly Western | somewhat more robust | not banded | almost wholly black | hairy |
Dialysis
Eastern spp | Location | Thorax | Fore tibia | Wing membrane | Tergites | Venation |
NoEa. Georgia to S. Quebec | ♂: dark to black ♀: orange | pale | mostly hyaline/pale brown | t2+ with broad dark basal bands | four, m3 absent | |
N. Carolina and Tenn. to New York, west to E. Kansas | reddish ♀: mesopleura dark | mostly dark | light brown | t2-8 reddish with broad dark basal bands | five, m3 closed | |
USNM | N. Florida to Penn. and New Jersey, west to S. Illinois | reddish | mostly dark | mostly hyaline, black-brown veins and medial band | ♂: reddish with t1 dark, t2-5 with dark medial elliptical spots, sometimes have light brown basal bands, t6-8 with basal dark bands ♀: reddish with t2-3 with dark medial elliptical spots, occasionally absent on t2 | five, m3 closed; veins M2 and M3 don’t always extend to the wing margin |
illinoensis INHS | Illinois | “dark yellow” | “legs dark yellow” | “pale infuscate” | “dark yellow | five, m3 closed |
Dialysis
Western spp | Location | Fore tibial spurs | Thorax | Thoracic setae | Legs | Wing membrane | Tergites | Venation |
California to S. British Columbia | ♂: 2 ♀: 2 | ♂: dark dark ♀: reddish | ♂: reddish, appressed, short ♀: pale, moderately dense, short | ♂: reddish with hind coxa, apex of fore and middle tibia, hind tibia and all tarsi dark ♀: reddish, concolor, with apical four segments of tarsi dark | ♂: evenly dark ♀: hyaline to pale, dark brown median band | ♂: t1-2 dark, t3-7 reddish with dark basal medial bands, caudal margin acute ♀: evenly reddish to dark | five, m3 closed | |
kesseli CAS USNM | N. California | ♂: 2 ♀: unknown | ♂: dark with lateral margin, vitta, and scutellum reddish ♀: unknown | ♂: appressed, short ♀: unknown | ♂: pale with tibiae and tarsi dark ♀: unknown | ♂: pale brown with dark brown medial band ♀: unknown | ♂: t1 dark, t2 pale with dark basal triangle, not reaching lateral margin, t3-5 pale with triangles ♀: unknown | five, m3 closed |
aldrichi USNM | California to S. British Columbia E. to Idaho | 1 | ♂: dark to black ♀: reddish to dark | ♂: pale, dense, elongate ♀: pale, moderately dense, short | ♂: reddish to dark, with coxa and apical tarsal segments dark ♀: reddish, apical half of tibiae and all of tarsi dark | ♂: dusky brown with dark brown medial band ♀: hyaline to pale with brown median band | ♂: t1 dark, t2 with dark basal triangle, not reaching lateral margin, t3-9 reddish with narrow basal dark bands and medial triangles ♀: t2-6 reddish with broad dark basal bands, t1 and t7-9 dark | five, m3 closed |
San Francisco area | 1 | ♂: dark, glossy; lateral margin reddish ♀: reddish, lateral margin pale; medial, elongate, dark marking anterior to scutellum | ♂: reddish, elongate, appressed, very dense ♀: pale, short, moderately dense | ♂: reddish with apical half of hind tibia, hind coxa, and tarsi dark ♀: evenly pale | ♂: evenly pale brown ♀: hyaline, pale brown median band | ♂: t2-4 reddish with dark medial triangle not reaching lateral margin, diminishing to dark spot on t5-8, t1 dark ♀: reddish with t1 dark, t2-6 with dark medial triangle, not reaching lateral margin | ♂: five, m3 open or closed ♀: five, m3 closed | |
mentata type INHS types USNM | California to Washington | 1 | ♂: dark, sometimes glossy ♀: pale | ♂: short, appressed, moderately dense ♀: pale, very short, appressed | ♂: pale to reddish with tarsi dark, occasionally hind basitarsus paler; on some specimens dorsal half of hind femur dark ♀: reddish with apex of tibia and all tarsal segments dark | ♂: amber to pale brown, dark brown median band ♀: amber to light brown, brown median band | ♂: reddish with t1 dark, t2 with dark medial basal triangle, not reaching lateral margin, t3-8 generally with medial dark spot, occasionally absent on t3-5 ♀: reddish, t2-6 with dark medial spot, occasionally absent on t3-6 | five, m3 closed |
reparta type AMNH type AMNH | S. California | 1 | ♂: reddish; pleura dark ♀: reddish to dark | ♂: short, appressed ♀: pale, short, appressed | ♂: reddish with apical third of tibiae and all of tarsi dark, hind coxal tubercle sometimes reduced ♀: reddish, tarsi dark, hind coxa without tubercle | ♂: evenly amber ♀: pale to amber, brown median band | ♂: reddish with t1 dark, t2-8 with medial dark triangles or spots not reaching lateral margin ♀: reddish with t1 dark, t2-6 with dark medial spot not reaching lateral margin | five, m3 closed |
Rachicerus
| Location | Flagellomeres | Thorax | Vittae | Katepisternum | Legs |
Eastern | ♂: 27-34, moniliform ♀: 18-19, moniliform | pale, glossy | indistinct | | pale | |
Eastern | ♂: 21, moniliform ♀: 20-22, moniliform | black, subshiny to glossy (as well as the abdomen, unlike others) | indistinct | | ♂: pale, apex of tarsomere 1 and all of tarsomeres 2-5 dark brown ♀: pale | |
Eastern | ♂: 24-27, pectinate, reddish towards base ♀: 23-26, pectinate, reddish towards base | pale to dark | dark brown to dark | | ♂: pale, with hind coxa, apex of hind femora and tibiae, and tarsomeres 4 and 5 dark ♀: dark with tibia and tarsomeres 1-2 of fore leg, tibia and tarsomeres 1-3 of middle leg, basal half of tibia, tarsomeres 1-2 and basal half of tarsomere 3 of hind leg pale | |
Western | ♂: 17-21, av. 19, moniliform ♀: 14-16, av. 15, moniliform | dark | orange | ♂: pale with dorsal half dark ♀: yellow | ♂: pale, tarsi 2-5 dark ♀: pale to pale brown | |
CU (California) | California, Oregon | ♂: 17-21, moniliform ♀: 14, moniliform | paleish to dark brown, glossy | ♂: dark brown ♀: absent | dark | dark, glossy |
Xylophagus (Xylophagus)
| Location | Frons | Hind coxal tubercle | Tergites | Mesothorax | Legs |
nitidus USNM | New Hamp. to W. Ontario | evenly pruinose | with | dark, glossy note from 2022 says orange?? | dark, glossy | foreleg pale to reddish, tarsomeres 4-5, dark; middle leg pale to reddish, apical half of femur pale dark; hind leg with coxa, trochanter and basal half of femur reddish, remaining segments and base of coxa dark |
gracilis | N. California to W. Alaska | evenly pruinose | without | ♂: dark to black, lightly pruinose along medial line and on apical segments ♀: brown to dark | ♂: black, lightly pruinose ♀: dark brown to dark, pruinose | ♂: fore, middle, and hind legs evenly dark ♀: coxae and trochanters pale, pruinose; femora, tibiae, and tarsomeres 1-3 reddish; apical two tarsomeres dark; hind coxa with basal margin dark |
New Bruns. to Georgia, west to Missouri and W. Ontario | pruinose with glossy band dorsal to antennae | without | ♂: dark to black, glossy ♀: dark, lightly pruinose | black with vittae narrow | ♂: fore leg pale, apex of tarsomere 2 and all of tarsomeres 3-5 dark; middle leg pale with basal edge of coxa, dorsal margin of femur, apex of tibia and basitarsus, and all of tarsomeres 2-5 dark; hind leg pale, base of coxa, apical third and dorsal margin of femur, apex of tibia and basitarsus and all of tarsomeres 2-5 dark ♀: fore leg with coxa and trochanter reddish, remaining segments and base of coxa dark, basal third of basitarsus pale; middle and hind legs dark with basal third of basitarsus pale | |
California to Alaska, east to Nova Scotia and south to Miss. | pruinose with glossy band dorsal to antennae | without | ♂: dark to black, sometimes t2-5 with orange markings ♀: dark to black with t2-4 and median oval area of t5 yellowish-orange; occasionally abdominal tergites may be evenly black | black | ♂: fore leg with coxa and trochanter pale, coxa pruinose; femur, tibia, and tarsi reddish with anterior margin of tibia and tarsomeres 1-3 and all of tarsomeres 4-5 dark; middle leg reddish with coxa pruinose, anterior margin of tibia and tarsomeres 1-3, and all of tarsomeres 4-5 dark; hind leg reddish, basal margin of coxa, apex of femur, base and apex of tibia, apex of tarsomeres 1-3, and all of tarsomeres 4-5 dark ♀: fore leg with coxa and trochanter pale, coxa pruinose; femur, tibia and tarsi reddish with tarsomeres 4-5 dark; hind leg reddish with basal margin of coxa and tarsomeres 4-5 dark |
Xylophagus (Archimyia)
| Location | Frons | Legs |
USNM | Alaska to Colorado, east to New Bruns. | evenly glossy | ♂: fore and middle legs pale to reddish, tarsomeres 2-5 pale dark; hind leg reddish, base of coxa, dorsal margin of tibia, and tarsomeres 2-5 dark ♀: fore and middle legs reddish with tarsomeres 4-5 dark; hind leg reddish with base of coxa, dorsal margin of tibia, apex of tarsomeres 1-2, and all of tarsomeres 3-5 dark |
USNM | Maryland to New Bruns., west to the plains of Alberta | pruinose, with glossy band dorsal to antennae | ♂: fore leg pale to lightly reddish, tarsomeres 4-5 dark; middle leg pale to reddish, tarsomeres 4-5 and apex of tarsomere 3 dark; hind leg pale to reddish with base of coxa, dorsal margin of tibia, apex of tarsomere 1, and tarsomeres 2-5 dark ♀: legs dark to black, tibial spurs reddish |
USNM | S. California to the Yukon Terr. | pruinose, with glossy band dorsal to antennae | ♂: fore leg reddish with coxa pale, tarsomeres 4-5 dark; middle leg reddish; hind leg reddish, coxa with basal dark band, tarsomeres 4-5 dark, occasionally dorsal margin of tibia dark ♀: fore leg with coxa and trochanter pale, femur, tibia and tarsomeres 1-3 reddish, tarsomeres 4-5 dark to black; middle leg reddish with tarsomeres 3-5 dark; hind leg reddish with basal margin of coxa and tarsomeres 3-5 dark |
References
Sources for this entire project include:
References
Leonard, M. D. 1930. A revision of the dipterous family Rhagionidae (Leptidae) in the United States and Canada. Mem. Am. ent. Soc. 7: l-181. https://books.google.com/books?id=mMMyAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA3-PA1&lpg=RA3-PA1
McAlpine, 1981. Manual of Nearctic Diptera Volume 1. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Branch, pp. 489-492.
Webb, 1978. A Revision of the Nearctic Genus Dialysis (Diptera: Rhagionidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, Vol. 51, No. 3 (Jul., 1978), pp. 405- 431.
Webb, 1979. A Revision of the Nearctic Species of Xylophagus (Diptera: Xylophagidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, Vol. 52, No. 3 (Jul., 1979), pp. 489-523.
Webb, 1983. A New Genus and Species of Nearctic Coenomyiid (Diptera: Coenomyiidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 822-825.
Webb, 1984. A Revision of the Nearctic Species of Rachicerus (Diptera: Rachiceridae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, Vol. 57, No. 2 (Apr., 1984), pp. 298-315.
Woodley, 1993. Napemyia Webb, a new synonym of Dialysis Walker (Diptera: Xylophagidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 95: 635-838.
Woodley, 2011. A World Catalog of the Xylophagidae (Insecta: Diptera). Myia 12: 455-500.