Quarks are on academic probation

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Debate for obsoleting quarks or not

Quantum Chromodynamics Notes

• Murray Gell-Mann and Yuval Ne’eman wrote after 1961 about
• inside of protons with three quarks and a zoo of particles
• 3 or 4 jets from collisions imply 3 quarks in a proton
• W boson, Z boson, Higgs boson, gluon, graviton
• three pions, the η meson, K mesons
• three Σ hyperons, the Λ hyperon and the two Ξ hyperons (Xi=“Ksi”)
• Ω^–  , strange charm and magic numbers are useful in old science
• electron–positron annihilation was experimentally observed

Quark theories provide no practical results�

• Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are wasting expertise and money
• QCD attempts totalitarian control of nuclear physics theory
• QCD had no practical goals in the Long-Range Plans
• Energy Dept. should transfer resources to other nuclear theories
• Geometric methods are neglected

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• Even wrong theories get right answers, rarely
• Good results are published but bad results: who knows?

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The particle zoo

• Quantum chromodynamics is about quarks and other phenomena
• If gravity is not understood, invent the graviton

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• If the strong nuclear force is not understood, invent the gluon
• My idea is that gravity could be the strong nuclear force

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• If a spark is seen in a collision: invent a “particle” name here

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• QCD is a wrong theory that used excellent experiments

No debate on QCD is allowed by homogenized Ph. D. physicists�

• MIT and a National Laboratory reject dissent at Town Hall Meetings

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• The carbon nuclear shape shown at Argonne Lab is deficient
• See 2 competing images of the carbon nucleus, (next page)

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• The Nuclear Science Advisory Committee was informed in April
• Time has run out for polite Town Hall Meeting chatter
• Intervention should reduce the governmental waste on QCD

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Theoretical carbon shapes

Summary of defects in QCD theory�

• three quarks misinterpret the meaning of “charge”
• a particle zoo grows to hide misunderstandings
• the few theoretical successes are from adjusting a hundred dials
• Quantum theory shuns mechanistic ideas and human reasoning
• energy-centric ideas limit the value of publications
• nuclear structure is only about energy levels, not shape
• nuclear shapes are crude after 60 years of trying
• insides of protons were prematurely investigated, before nuclei
• alternative theories exist and are ignored

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Nuclear structure from sphere stacking

The Static Nucleus Theory

• A cube of protons and neutrons is at the center of most elements

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• The six faces of the cube are armored by pyramids of nucleons

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• Protons form lines of protons outside of the cubic stack

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• Gravity Volume Theory might explain the strong nuclear force

This replaces quantum chromodynamics:

• The mirror in the center of each proton
• 8 dimensional mirror: x y z t for gravity, h_x h_y h_z t_h for wavefunction

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• 4 new dimensions for wavefunction and electromagnetic flux
• Molecular time dilation during acceleration is explained
• Pair each proton with one electron, always, even “free” electrons

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• Mirror in each electron for 3 dimensions: h_x h_y t_h
• Neutron gets h_z from the proton to be stable

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The mirror inside each proton

• Most pure elements are metals, revealing the inner mirror
• A thin silver layer is transparent (37 atomic diameters thick)
• When you look in a mirror, you see what is in the protons

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• What does quantum theory say about mirrors and metals?
• “Free electrons, not protons, cause the lustrous mirror effect”
• Protons are ignored by most old scientific explanations
• Indium tin oxide is a transparent compound with free electrons

Atomic scale formula

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• m/rα = q/4πa = 2.41*10^-10 meter

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• Where m is proton mass, r is proton radius, q is proton charge

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• The α is the fine structure constant, a is the Bohr radius

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• Atomic radii of large elements are near 2.41*10^-10 meter

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Gravitons are in the particle zoo mess

• General Relativity did not use particles like protons in 1915
• GR pretends mass causes gravity, also energy causes gravity
• Quantum theory names a particle to blame for gravity: graviton
• Force particles mediate forces between particles
• graviton’s mass is less than 6 × 10⁻³² electron volts
• The gram is shunned for quantum units of measure

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• That is a mess

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Formula for Newton’s G constant

• G = V / 2mτ seconds
• where V is the proton volume (radius 0.95fm), m is proton mass
• τ is 5.12 nanoseconds, the gravitational time constant
• NV/τ = zA/1 second momentum of free space
• where N is number of baryons in Earth, z is height fallen in 1 second, and A is the surface area of the earth (Gravity Volume Theory, 2015)

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• Times grows out as space drains into baryons
• |V| = |5.12ns| conservation of spacetime continuum fluid

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Atoms based on nuclei

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White protons, black neutrons

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Triple bond from proton allocation

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s-orbital electrons from the cube

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Center of image is a cube proton that connects to the s-electron

The cubes

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Light elements have two protons at center

The Higgs mechanism explained mass

• From Encyclopedia Britannica:
• Objects are only excitations of a quantum field
• The Higgs field is everywhere so particles react to it, always
• Quantum weirdness make particles go two directions at once, at c, -c
• But averaging gives a velocity of less than c
• So it seems to go slower than light, so it seems to have mass, even though it would go at c without the Higgs field
• Other books give an explanation with 20 pages of algebra

Higgs mechanism, from M. Thomson’s book

• Modern Particle Physics (2013)
• kinetic energy minus potential energy is the “Lagrangian”
• Noether’s theorem relates a symmetry of the Lagrangian to a conserved current
• replace the four-derivative ∂µ with the covariant derivative Dµ
• local gauge invariance of the Standard Model is broken
• U(1) local gauge symmetry can only be satisfied if the gauge boson of an interaction is massless
• contradiction with the observation of the large masses of W and Z bosons. So use Higgs.

The speed of space S

• For gravity, the speed of space is invariant relative to a falling object
• That is like the speed of time: c is invariant

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• On a star’s surface: S = VRρ/3mτ

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Where V is proton volume, R is star radius, ρ is mass density,

m is proton mass, τ is 5.12ns

• As S approaches c, the star has a nova explosion

Formula for mass: Kg Farad = m² s²

• Kilogram x Farad = square meters x square seconds
• Electron mobility is the same as conductance, except magnitude:
• Square meters/Volt second = Coulomb/Volt second
• Square meters = Coulombs = Q = electrical charge
• Farad = Q/V = Q²/Energy = Q² second²/Kg meter²
• Farad = meters squared times seconds squared per kilogram
• Kg F = m²s²
• Mass times capacitance equals area times second²

Mass is the area of a parachute

• Space is treated as a liquid through which objects accelerate
• S (speed of space) is faster near a star, slower far away

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• Space drains toward a star at speed S, which is invariant to an object
• Time grows from a star at speed c, which is invariant to an object
• Time causes acceleration when combined with S
• Mass is an area of a parachute-like phenomenon in liquid space
• Light travels at the speed of time, c

Strong nuclear force could be gravity

• Time is thicker where it exits gaps between nucleons

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• rough draft:
• Force = A∂t/∂R*B∂²S/∂r∂t + C⁸∂⁸t/∂R⁸*D⁶∂³S/∂t³ + …

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• where R is distance from gap to incoming baryon, S is speed of space, r is distance from baryon to curved surface of nucleus, ABCD coeff.

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• The chain rule applies thick time as higher derivatives of time t

Physics organizational problems

• Nuclear secrets are naturally supported by nuclear lies

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• Contractual silencing prevents discussions of progress
• Anti-scientific lawyers’ demands result in :
• Uniformity, complacency, fear of job loss and timid styles

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• The End-Game is being implemented by surrender to Coal
• The ostrich pose is safer than learning new physics

Global warming motivates invention of an energy source

• Quark theory is useless
• My breakthrough in nuclear data enables inventors

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• Position data for protons and neutrons in all elements are here

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• Connect nuclear protons to molecular electrons, please

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• Link at bottom of the following website has a .xyz file

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• pyramidalcube.blogspot.com/p/thoroughness.html

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Stop global warming or build walls

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• Pay trillions of euros to make islands taller

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• Pay $2 trillion for a wall around Florida

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• OR

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Give me a few million to build a team of inventors for The Generator

Wait for quark theory to solve global warming

• 200 year plan for quantum chromodynamics:

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• 2022: carbon shape might have six protons in two triangles
• 2050: oxygen protons form double helix
• 2090: iron has two rings of protons, in theory
• 2130: platinum catalyst has lines of protons for a hook shape
• 2180: electron guided fusion seems natural
• 2222: home generators from fusion are prototyped

Iron was the key

New laws of physics from 2017

Protons form lines of protons

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Other elements use same Rules

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Hexagonal close-pack surface

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ferronuclear.blogspot.com

The debate is planned for December 10, 2022

• To be in the debate on the quark theory, send an email to folmsbee@protonmail.com
• A dress-rehearsal zoom meeting will be on December 3, 2PM

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• A zoom meeting will allow dissent and support for Quarks and Quantum Chromodynamics

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• This can affect the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee’s plan

A bold effort has started in private sector

• I have completed the heavy lifting

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• $2 million was requested from investors already

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• A new company will be educated about the progress

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• Responsibility will be passed to younger employees

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Contact information

• This Powerpoint presentation is linked at the bottom of website:

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• https://pyramidalcube.blogspot.com/p/thoroughness.html

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• My email address is folmsbee@protonmail.com

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• Telephone number: 1-808-269-8893 (during the year 2022)
• Alan Folmsbee, MSEE, 1989, Univ. Connecticut

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