Prof. Dr. Mustafa Kaplan
Sultan 2. Abdülhamid Han Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi
Gluten Enteropatisi (Çölyak Hastalığı)
SUNUM PLANI
Gluten Enteropatisi (Çölyak Hastalığı)
Celiac iceberg
Gluten Enteropatisi (Çölyak Hastalığı)
Gluten Enteropatisi (Çölyak Hastalığı)
Gluten Enteropatisi (Çölyak Hastalığı)
EPİDEMİYOLOJİ
EPİDEMİYOLOJİ
EPİDEMİYOLOJİ
EPİDEMİYOLOJİ
EPİDEMİYOLOJİ
Türkiye ve dünyadaki ÇH görülme sıklığı
EPİDEMİYOLOJİ
EPİDEMİYOLOJİ
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2024;22:693–704
EPİDEMİYOLOJİ
Otoimmün bir hastalık olduğu için;
PATOGENEZ
PATOGENEZ
Gluten Enteropatisi
PATOGENEZ
PATOGENEZ
A) Villus atrofisi, kript hiperplazisi ve İB yüzey epitelinin hasarı
B) Glutenden fakir diyet sonrası mukozanın görünümü
PATOGENEZ
PATOGENEZ
1. Klasik / Semptomatik ÇH
ÇH’nda klinik belirtiler
ÇH’na eşlik eden diğer hastalıklar ve sendromlar
- Tip 1 Diyabetes mellitus
- Otoimmün tiroidit (Hashimato tiroiditi)
- Sjögren sendromu
• Pankreatitis
• Üreme sistemi bozuklukları
• Atrofik glossitis
• İdyopatik pulmoner hemosiderozis
• Evans sendromu
• Depresyon
• Genetik hastalıklar
- Down sendromu
- Turner sendromu
- Williams sendromu
- Seçici IgA eksikli¤i
Zingone F, Bai JC, Cellier C, Ludvigsson JF. Celiac Disease-Related Conditions: Who to Test? Gastroenterology. 2024 Jun;167(1):64-78. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.02.044. Epub 2024 Mar 7. PMID: 38460606.
2. Klasik olmayan / �Gastrointestinal sistem dışı bulgularla seyreden �atipik ÇH
2. Klasik olmayan / �Gastrointestinal sistem dışı bulgularla seyreden �atipik ÇH
3. Sessiz (silent) ÇH
3. Sessiz (silent) ÇH
4. Potansiyel ÇH
ÇH ile benzerlik gösteren diğer durumlar
Geçici gluten intoleransı
• Geçici besine duyarlı enteropatiler
- İnek sütü duyarlılığı enteropatisi
• Gastroenterit ve postenterit sendromları
• Eozinofilik enteropati
• Giardiazis
• Otoimmün enteropati
• Mikrovillus atrofisi
• Kazanılmış hipogamaglobulinemi (HIV)
• Birincil bağışıklık yetmezliği
• Bakteriyel aşırı üreme
• Protein enerji malnutrisyonu
• İnce barsak lenfoması
Kimlere test yapılmalıdır?
Kimlere test yapılmalıdır?
• ÇH tanısı konmuş hastaların birinci derece akrabaları
• Otoimmün tiroidit
• Tip 1 diyabet
• Down sendromu
• Turner sendromu
• Williams sendromu
• Seçici immünglobulin A (IgA) eksikliği
TANI
TANI
IgA-TTG testing is the recommended first-line approach.
Total IgA concentration should be measured in conjunction with serology. For patients with IgA deficiency, IgG-TTG, IgG-EMA, and IgG-deamidated gliadin peptide can be tested instead.
AYIRICI TANI
AYIRICI TANI
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2024;22:693–704
AYIRICI TANI
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2024;22:693–704
AYIRICI TANI
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2024;22:693–704
AYIRICI TANI
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2024;22:693–704
AYIRICI TANI
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2024;22:693–704
AYIRICI TANI
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2024;22:693–704
AYIRICI TANI
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2024;22:693–704
TANI
The diagnosis of coeliac disease. A commentary on the current practices of members of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (ESPGAN) Jorge Rey
1979, Archives of Disease in Childhood
TANI
low-dose gluten-challenge
TANI
ÇH tanısında kullanılan serolojik testler ve�çalışılan yöntemler
Test Yöntem
• Anti-Gliadin antikor (AGA) IgA/IgG ELISA
• Endomisyum antikor (EMA) IgA IFA, ELISA
• Anti-retikülin antikor (ARA) IgA IFA
• Doku transglutaminaz antikoru (Anti-dTG) IgA/IgG ELISA, IKY
ÇH tanısında kullanılan serolojik testlerin�güvenilirliği
Tanıda biyopsiyi ne zaman önerelim veya yapalım?
TANI
Subklinik veya asemptomatik ÇH’nda tanıyı koymak neden bu kadar önemlidir diye bir soru akla gelebilir. �Buna yanıt olarak potansiyel önemi olan dört neden sıralanabilir:
Nonresponsive Celiac Disease (NRCD)
Nonresponsive Celiac Disease (NRCD)
Tedaviye cevapsızlıkta aşağıdaki nedenler düşünülmelidir
1. Glutensiz diyete uyumsuzluk
2. İnce barsak villus atrofisi ile giden diğer hastalıklar
3. Eşlik eden diğer hastalıklar (Primer veya sekonder laktaz eksikliği, irritabl barsak sendromu, ince barsak bakteriyel aşırı gelişim, pankreas yetersizliği, mikroskopik kolit)
4. Refrakter çölyak hastalığı (RÇH) (Tip1, Tip 2)
5. Ülseratif jejunit veya intestinal lenfoma
(Refractory Celiac Disease)
Georgia Malamut, Craig R. Soderquist, Govind Bhagat, Nadine Cerf-Bensussan. Advances in Nonresponsive and Refractory Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology.
Volume 167, Issue 1, 2024,Pages 132-147.
Seronegatif Çölyak Hastalığı
Collin P, Kaukinen K, Vogelsang H, et al. Antiendomysial and antihuman recombinant tissue transglutaminase antibodies in the diagnosis of coeliac disease: a biopsy-proven European multicentre study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 17: 85–91.
Salmi TT, Collin P, Korponay-Szabó IR, et al. Endomysial antibody-negative coeliac disease: clinical characteristics and intestinal autoantibody deposits. Gut 2006; 55: 1746–53.
Volta U, Caio G, Boschetti E, et al. Seronegative celiac disease: shedding light on an obscure clinical entity. Dig Liver Dis 2016; 48: 1018–22.
Rostami K, Kerckhaert J, Tiemessen R, et al. Sensitivity of antiendomysium and antigliadin antibodies in untreated celiac disease: disappointing in clinical practice. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94: 888–94.
Seronegatif Çölyak Hastalığı
Volta U, Caio G, Boschetti E, et al. Seronegative celiac disease: shedding light on an obscure clinical entity. Dig Liver Dis 2016; 48: 1018–22.
Rostami K, Kerckhaert J, Tiemessen R, et al. Sensitivity of antiendomysium and antigliadin antibodies in untreated celiac disease: disappointing in clinical practice. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94: 888–94.
Seronegatif Çölyak Hastalığı
(mycophenolate mofetil ve olmesartan medoxomil),
DeGaetani M, Tennyson CA, Lebwohl B, et al. Villous atrophy and negative celiac serology: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Am J Gastroenterol 2013; 108: 647–53.
ÇH tanı ve izleminde kullanılan hematolojik,�biyokimyasal ve radyolojik incelemeler
Tam kan sayımı
• Serum demir düzeyi, demir bağlama kapasitesi, ferritin
• Serum çinko düzeyi, çinko bağlama kapasitesi
• Serum B12 ve folat düzeyleri
• PT, PTT
• Kalsiyum, fosfor, magnezyum
• Alkalen fosfataz
• Karaciğer enzimleri
• Total protein, albumin
• Elektrolitler
• Dışkı incelemeleri
Marsh kriterleri
Endoskopik ince barsak ÇH mukoza görünümü
Günümüzde kabul edilen Marsh sınıflamasının yeni versiyonu ile GSE histopatolojik sınıflaması
Marsh III, total villöz atrofi (düz mukoza)
Pathology - Research and Practice
Volume 212, Issue 12, December 2016, Pages 1174-1178
Catassi, Carlo et al.
The Lancet, Volume 399, Issue 10344, 2413 - 2426
AYIRICI TANI
Villöz kısalma / düzleşme
IELozis
- HP ile birlikte olan gastroduodenitis
- Besin alerjisi (Gluten ile olmayan)
- İnfeksiyonlar (Giardia, cryptosporidium, CMV, vb)
- Otoimmün enteropati
- Crohn hastalığı
- Bakteriyel aşırı çoğalma
- Başta NSAİİ olmak üzere ilaçlar
- IgA eksikliği
- Sık değişkenli immün yetmezlik
- İnce barsak allograft rejeksiyonu
KOMPLİKASYONLAR
KOMPLİKASYONLAR
TEDAVİ
TEDAVİ
TEDAVİ (Refractory Celiac Disease)
Tedavinin Takibi
Zingone F, Abdul Sultan A, Crooks CJ, Tata LJ, Ciacci C, West J. The risk of community-acquired pneumonia among 9803 patients with coeliac disease compared to the general population: a cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44: 57–67.
Çölyak Hastalığı ve Maligniteler
Diyet olmayan tedaviler
Goel G, King T, Daveson AJ, et al. Epitope-specific immunotherapy targeting CD4-positive T cells in coeliac disease: two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 studies. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; published online May 11. DOI:10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30110-3.
Diyet olmayan tedaviler
Leffler DA, Kelly CP, Green PH, et al. Larazotide acetate for persistent symptoms of celiac disease despite a gluten-free diet: a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2015; 148: 1311–19.
Murray JA, Kelly CP, Green PH, et al, for the CeliAction Study Group of Investigators. No difference between latiglutenase and placebo in reducing villous atrophy or improving symptoms in patients with symptomatic celiac disease. Gastroenterology 2017; 152: 787–98.
ÖNERİLER / YENİ UFUKLAR
ÖNERİLER / YENİ UFUKLAR
ÖNERİLER / YENİ UFUKLAR
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2024;22:693–704
ÖNERİLER / YENİ UFUKLAR
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2024;22:693–704
Effects of a gluten-free diet on gut microbiota and immune function in healthy adult human subjects
Serendipity in Refractory Celiac Disease: Full Recovery of Duodenal Villi and Clinical Symptoms after Fecal Microbiota Transfer
Clinical and Microbiological Effect of a Multispecies Probiotic Supplementation in Celiac Patients With Persistent IBS-type Symptoms
Tye-Din JA. Evolution in coeliac disease diagnosis and management. JGH Open. 2024 Jul 2;8(7):e13107. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.13107. PMID: 38957478; PMCID: PMC11217771.
Tye-Din JA. Evolution in coeliac disease diagnosis and management. JGH Open. 2024 Jul 2;8(7):e13107. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.13107. PMID: 38957478; PMCID: PMC11217771.
Tye-Din JA. Evolution in coeliac disease diagnosis and management. JGH Open. 2024 Jul 2;8(7):e13107. doi: 10.1002/jgh3.13107. PMID: 38957478; PMCID: PMC11217771.
Shiha MG, Yusuf A, Sanders DS. Role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of coeliac disease: a narrative review. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 May 9;9:51. doi: 10.21037/tgh-23-122. PMID: 39091660; PMCID: PMC11292106.
Shiha MG, Yusuf A, Sanders DS. Role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of coeliac disease: a narrative review. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 May 9;9:51. doi: 10.21037/tgh-23-122. PMID: 39091660; PMCID: PMC11292106.
Shiha MG, Yusuf A, Sanders DS. Role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of coeliac disease: a narrative review. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 May 9;9:51. doi: 10.21037/tgh-23-122. PMID: 39091660; PMCID: PMC11292106.
Shiha MG, Yusuf A, Sanders DS. Role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of coeliac disease: a narrative review. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 May 9;9:51. doi: 10.21037/tgh-23-122. PMID: 39091660; PMCID: PMC11292106.
Zingone F, Bai JC, Cellier C, Ludvigsson JF. Celiac Disease-Related Conditions: Who to Test? Gastroenterology. 2024 Jun;167(1):64-78. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.02.044. Epub 2024 Mar 7. PMID: 38460606.
Zingone F, Bai JC, Cellier C, Ludvigsson JF. Celiac Disease-Related Conditions: Who to Test? Gastroenterology. 2024 Jun;167(1):64-78. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.02.044. Epub 2024 Mar 7. PMID: 38460606.
Hrunka M, Janda L, Šťastná M, Pinkasová T, Pecl J, Kunovský L, Dítě P, Jabandžiev P. Celiac Disease: Promising Biomarkers for Follow-Up. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2023 Dec 22;32(4):536-544. doi: 10.15403/jgld-4926. PMID: 38147608.
Perez-Junkera G, Ruiz de Azua L, Vázquez-Polo M, Lasa A, Fernandez Gil MP, Txurruka I, Navarro V, Larretxi I. Global Approach to Follow-Up of Celiac Disease. Foods. 2024 May 8;13(10):1449. doi: 10.3390/foods13101449. PMID: 38790748; PMCID: PMC11119929.
Perez-Junkera G, Ruiz de Azua L, Vázquez-Polo M, Lasa A, Fernandez Gil MP, Txurruka I, Navarro V, Larretxi I. Global Approach to Follow-Up of Celiac Disease. Foods. 2024 May 8;13(10):1449. doi: 10.3390/foods13101449. PMID: 38790748; PMCID: PMC11119929.
Patt YS, Lahat A, David P, Patt C, Eyade R, Sharif K. Unraveling the Immunopathological Landscape of Celiac Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Oct 23;24(20):15482. doi: 10.3390/ijms242015482. PMID: 37895160; PMCID: PMC10607730.
Patt YS, Lahat A, David P, Patt C, Eyade R, Sharif K. Unraveling the Immunopathological Landscape of Celiac Disease: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Oct 23;24(20):15482. doi: 10.3390/ijms242015482. PMID: 37895160; PMCID: PMC10607730.
Buriánek F, Gege C, Marinković P. New developments in celiac disease treatments. Drug Discov Today. 2024 Sep;29(9):104113. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104113. Epub 2024 Jul 25. PMID: 39067614.
Buriánek F, Gege C, Marinković P. New developments in celiac disease treatments. Drug Discov Today. 2024 Sep;29(9):104113. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104113. Epub 2024 Jul 25. PMID: 39067614.
Rubio-Tapia, Alberto MD1; Hill, Ivor D. MD2; Semrad, Carol MD3; Kelly, Ciarán P. MD4; Greer, Katarina B. MD, MS5; Limketkai, Berkeley N. MD, PhD, FACG6; Lebwohl, Benjamin MD, MS7. American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines Update: Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 118(1):p 59-76, January 2023. | DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002075
Rubio-Tapia, Alberto MD1; Hill, Ivor D. MD2; Semrad, Carol MD3; Kelly, Ciarán P. MD4; Greer, Katarina B. MD, MS5; Limketkai, Berkeley N. MD, PhD, FACG6; Lebwohl, Benjamin MD, MS7. American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines Update: Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 118(1):p 59-76, January 2023. | DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002075
We recommend multiple biopsies of the duodenum including 1 or 2 specimens from the bulb (either 9-o’clock or 12-o’clock position) and at least 4 biopsies of postbulbar duodenum.
Rubio-Tapia, Alberto MD1; Hill, Ivor D. MD2; Semrad, Carol MD3; Kelly, Ciarán P. MD4; Greer, Katarina B. MD, MS5; Limketkai, Berkeley N. MD, PhD, FACG6; Lebwohl, Benjamin MD, MS7. American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines Update: Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 118(1):p 59-76, January 2023. | DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002075
Rubio-Tapia, Alberto MD1; Hill, Ivor D. MD2; Semrad, Carol MD3; Kelly, Ciarán P. MD4; Greer, Katarina B. MD, MS5; Limketkai, Berkeley N. MD, PhD, FACG6; Lebwohl, Benjamin MD, MS7. American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines Update: Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 118(1):p 59-76, January 2023. | DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002075
Rubio-Tapia, Alberto MD1; Hill, Ivor D. MD2; Semrad, Carol MD3; Kelly, Ciarán P. MD4; Greer, Katarina B. MD, MS5; Limketkai, Berkeley N. MD, PhD, FACG6; Lebwohl, Benjamin MD, MS7. American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines Update: Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 118(1):p 59-76, January 2023. | DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002075
Rubio-Tapia, Alberto MD1; Hill, Ivor D. MD2; Semrad, Carol MD3; Kelly, Ciarán P. MD4; Greer, Katarina B. MD, MS5; Limketkai, Berkeley N. MD, PhD, FACG6; Lebwohl, Benjamin MD, MS7. American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines Update: Diagnosis and Management of Celiac Disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 118(1):p 59-76, January 2023. | DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002075
Al-Toma A, Volta U, Auricchio R, Castillejo G, Sanders DS, Cellier C, Mulder CJ, Lundin KEA. European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders. United European Gastroenterol J. 2019 Jun;7(5):583-613. doi: 10.1177/2050640619844125. Epub 2019 Apr 13. PMID: 31210940; PMCID: PMC6545713.
Helicobacter pylori infection is frequently associated with Marsh-1 histology, and its eradication may lead to normalization of duodenal IEL count. Concomitant gastric biopsies or performing serology is needed when H. pylori is suspected.
Al-Toma A, Volta U, Auricchio R, Castillejo G, Sanders DS, Cellier C, Mulder CJ, Lundin KEA. European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders. United European Gastroenterol J. 2019 Jun;7(5):583-613. doi: 10.1177/2050640619844125. Epub 2019 Apr 13. PMID: 31210940; PMCID: PMC6545713.
Al-Toma A, Volta U, Auricchio R, Castillejo G, Sanders DS, Cellier C, Mulder CJ, Lundin KEA. European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders. United European Gastroenterol J. 2019 Jun;7(5):583-613. doi: 10.1177/2050640619844125. Epub 2019 Apr 13. PMID: 31210940; PMCID: PMC6545713.
Al-Toma A, Volta U, Auricchio R, Castillejo G, Sanders DS, Cellier C, Mulder CJ, Lundin KEA. European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders. United European Gastroenterol J. 2019 Jun;7(5):583-613. doi: 10.1177/2050640619844125. Epub 2019 Apr 13. PMID: 31210940; PMCID: PMC6545713.
Al-Toma A, Volta U, Auricchio R, Castillejo G, Sanders DS, Cellier C, Mulder CJ, Lundin KEA. European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders. United European Gastroenterol J. 2019 Jun;7(5):583-613. doi: 10.1177/2050640619844125. Epub 2019 Apr 13. PMID: 31210940; PMCID: PMC6545713.
Al-Toma A, Volta U, Auricchio R, Castillejo G, Sanders DS, Cellier C, Mulder CJ, Lundin KEA. European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders. United European Gastroenterol J. 2019 Jun;7(5):583-613. doi: 10.1177/2050640619844125. Epub 2019 Apr 13. PMID: 31210940; PMCID: PMC6545713.
Al-Toma A, Volta U, Auricchio R, Castillejo G, Sanders DS, Cellier C, Mulder CJ, Lundin KEA. European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders. United European Gastroenterol J. 2019 Jun;7(5):583-613. doi: 10.1177/2050640619844125. Epub 2019 Apr 13. PMID: 31210940; PMCID: PMC6545713.
Al-Toma A, Volta U, Auricchio R, Castillejo G, Sanders DS, Cellier C, Mulder CJ, Lundin KEA. European Society for the Study of Coeliac Disease (ESsCD) guideline for coeliac disease and other gluten-related disorders. United European Gastroenterol J. 2019 Jun;7(5):583-613. doi: 10.1177/2050640619844125. Epub 2019 Apr 13. PMID: 31210940; PMCID: PMC6545713.
Role of biopsy in diagnosis and follow-up: The debate on the diagnosis of CD without biopsy needs more clarification. Also, the indication for and timing of biopsy at follow-up should be further explored.
NCGS: The future research should explore the genetic background, histological characteristics, susceptibility and risk factors for NCGS in addition to developing reliable biomarkers.
Treatment of RCD: The results of ongoing trials using anti-IL15 and tofacitinib are being awaited. Strategies such as combination or step-up therapies need more elaboration.
The management of bone disease should be optimized, e.g., by determining the age of screening for osteoporosis and the place for intravenous bisphosphonates particularly in the early years after diagnosis
Gluten Enteropatisi
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