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GOAL FORMULATION

3.2

Priscella Mejillano, En.P.

Resource Person

Day 3

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CDP+ Process

Mainstreaming CCA-DRRM in CDP

Where we are….

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Sectoral Goals

are whatever it takes to close the vision – reality gap identified in the specific sector.

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Issues, challenges, gaps and problems in the CDP:

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Session Objectives

To explain how risk-sensitive goals and objectives are set.

To explain how to utilize the results of

observed findings and implications in

the PSFM to derive the goal and

associated objectives.

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Sectoral Goals

are whatever it takes to close the vision – reality gap identified in the specific sector.

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Importance of Goals in Planning

As an end toward which all future actions specified in the plan are directed.

As a set of criteria for evaluating alternative strategies and approaches

As a standard against which the success or failure of each action is measured

Goals serve at least three (3) purposes in the planning process:

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Sources of Sectoral Goals

Problem – Solution Finding Matrix

Vision – Reality Gap
Map Overlay Analysis
CDRA
LDIS/RaPIDS
Community-based Monitoring System

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The VRG as source of sectoral goals

DESCRIPTORS	SUCCESS INDICATORS	CURRENT REALITY RATING	VISION– REALITY GAP	WHAT TO DO TO CLOSE THE GAP
Peaceful	0% Crime rate	6	4
Highly skilled	Full employment	4	6
Empowered	Citizen participation	3	7

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The Problem – Solution Finding �Matrix as source of sectoral goal.

SECTOR
OBSERVED CONDITIONS	EXPLANATIONS (CAUSES)	IMPLICATIONS WHEN UNRESOLVED	POLICY OPTIONS

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Map overlay analysis as source of �sectoral goals

Thematic Maps Overlaid	Brief Description of Conflict Area	Explanations for Conflict	Implications when Unresolved	Policy Options

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FORMULATING SECTORAL GOALS

THE SHORT METHOD

Treat the gap as a problem.
Invert, negate or reverse the negative condition to become a desirable state, hence, a goal.

Goals Technically Derived

Goal is the inverse of a problem

GOAL =

1

PROBLEM

Formulating

Sectoral

Goals

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Squatting continues to exist

Ad hoc approach to housing

concerns

Absence of

permanent housing body

Some settlements still exposed to environmental hazards

Indigent families in

RIL areas

Existence of

many private

hospitals

Incidence of

drug abuse

Loss of cultural artifacts

Weak moral

values

Corruption prevalent

Low-level appreciation for local culture and arts

Weak promotion of

culture and the arts

High dependence on paid indoor

recreation

Some social issues not adequately addressed

Parks and

Playgrounds in

flood prone areas

Children/ youth play in the streets

No scholarships for

ordinary indigent students

Most preschools and all colleges are

privately owned

Squatting

stopped

Safe housing

concerns addressed

Permanent

housing body

created

Settlements located in hazard-free areas

Indigent families

Relocated to safe zones

Existence of public and private hospitals

Drug abuse eliminated

Cultural artifacts preserved

Strong moral

values

Corruption stopped or minimized

Heightened

appreciation for local culture and arts

Sustained promotion of culture and the

arts

Reduced dependence on paid indoor

recreation

Social issues

adequately addressed?

Safe spaces

for public

recreation

Drainage systems installed in parks

and Playgrounds

Scholarships offered for ordinary indigent students

Public and private

preschools and

colleges established

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FORMULATING SECTORAL GOALS

THE LONG METHOD

Follow the logic of the “Problem – Solution – Finding Matrix”

Treat the vision – reality gap as an “observed condition” or new information created

Subject the observed condition to the process of extracting intelligence and exploring policy implications

FROM GAPS TO GOALS

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FORMULATING SECTORAL GOALS

Proceed to complete the matrix by first determining the reasons for or causes of the observed gaps, then exploring the possible implications of the gaps if these continue to remain unfilled.

Develop policy interventions targeting both implications and the explanations.

Formulate the policy interventions in the form of goal statements, i.e. “To + verb ...”

Example: To make clean, safe water within reach of every household.

foRMULATING SECTORAL

GOALS

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Sector	Indicator	Planning Area	Larger Spatial Unit	Smaller Spatial Units
Sector	Indicator	Planning Area	Larger Spatial Unit	A	B	C	D
Social	Population growth rate
	2000	3.2%	2.8%	2.7%	2.0%	2.5%	3.0%
	2003	3.0%	2.9%	3.0%	2.1&	2.5%	2.9%
	Literacy Rate
	2000	95%	87%	98%	90%	88%	92%
	2003	97%	88%	95%	92%	89%	94%

Examples of Items, Statistics, Indicators

INFORMATION GENERATION

What do these figures mean?

1

Examples:

All barangays have lower PGR than the city.

Dependent population highest in Barangays A and D.

Barangay A has high literacy rate.

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2

This entails probing into the causes or

explanations behind the observed conditions.

It asks the question, “Why?”

It provides the clue to finding more

fundamental solutions by attacking the causes rather than the symptoms of the problems.

EXTRACTING

INTELLIGENCE

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It asks the question, “So what?” if no

significant intervention is made

Analysis can be extended further into determining appropriate policy interventions

EXPLORING IMPLICATIONS

3

Data from CDRA:

Both barangays are prone to storm surges and coastal

erosion.

More population will be impacted by storm surges and

coastal erosion.

Possible loss of lives among dependent population.

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Take NOTE!

If positive implications predominate, then the observed condition may be regarded as a potential.

If negative implications predominate, then the observed condition can be regarded as a problem. Formulate policies that either mitigate the inconvenience or solve the problem permanently.

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Observed Conditions	Explanations (Causes)	Implications when unresolved	Policy Options
WHAT DO THESE FIGURES MEAN?	WHY?	SO WHAT?	WHAT TO DO? -to close the gaps -to respond to the issues - strategies

SOLUTIONS

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LDI System

Map Overlays

Observed Conditions

Implications when no intervention is introduced

Explanations of Causative Factors

Policy Interventions

CBMS

LGPMS

Vision-Reality Gap Analysis

Goal Statements

Objectives

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The Problem – Solution Finding �Matrix (LDIS-BASED) as source of �sectoral goal.

SECTOR
OBSERVED CONDITIONS	EXPLANATIONS (CAUSES)	IMPLICATIONS WHEN UNRESOLVED	POLICY OPTIONS
Increasing incidence of water- borne diseases During rainy season	Lack of potable water source Difficult access to government assisted water system Lack of awareness causes of the diseases	Increased mortality rate High expense on health/medical support services	Make clean and safe drinking water within reach of every household

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FORMULATING SECTORAL GOALS

Formulate the form goal statements, i.e. “To + verb ...”

Example: To make clean, safe water within reach of every household.

Formulate the associated objectives, i.e: “To + verb + metrics,

+ timeline

example:

To install 435 level III water source in all barangays by end of 2027.
To upgrade water lines and pipes into high-density polyethylene (HDPE) type by end of 2029.
To reduce the poverty incidence in three barangays to 20% by end

of 2025.

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SECTOR
OBSERVED CONDITIONS	EXPLANATIONS (CAUSES)	IMPLICATIONS WHEN UNRESOLVED	POLICY OPTIONS	Goal	Objectives
Increasing incidence of water-borne diseases During rainy season	Lack of potable water source Difficult access to government assisted water system Lack of awareness causes of the diseases	Increased mortality rate High expense on health/medical support services	Make clean and safe drinking water within reach of every Household Provide level III Water facilities & services to 100% of households	To promote health and safety in residents prone to flooding.	To install 435 level III water source in 435 HHs located in two flood-prone barangays
					To upgrade 4-kilometer water lines and pipes into high-density polyethylene (HDPE) type by end of 2029.

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Example of Goal Formulation Using the PSFM

Indicators	Observed Conditions	Explanations (Causes)	Implications when unresolved	GOAL	Objectives
Percentage of labor force not fully employed	Number of constituents in the labor force not fully employed has slowly increased to 17% in 2015 from 16.3% in 2013. However, same increase has also been noted in the province. These constituents not fully employed are located in the different clustered barangays.	-Abrupt increase of in-migration -Some industries/ commercial establishments pulled out -Conversion of agri land to subdivisions	-Occurrence of crimes and illegal activities -Prevalence of underemployment or low income of households -More subsidies from the government	To promote full Employment in 5 flood-prone barangays,	To reduce percentage of labor force who not fully employed by 2025. To increase adaptive capacity of OSYs on rainwater harvesting technology with support of TESDA by end of 2020.

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Issue Matrix: CDRA�

Belison, Antique

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Environment Development	Link to Climate Change and DRR	Enhanced to Climate Change Objectives	Linking Objectives to NCCAP Strategic Priorities
Sectoral Goal
Enhancement of the right of the people to a balanced ecology	Exposed natural resources in the city are mangrove areas and marine protection areas. Mangrove has overall estimated area of 21.43 hectares (7.82 ha. at coastline area and 13.61 ha. Marine area has 58% equivalent to 301.0 ha. of the total area estimated to 521.0 ha. at 42%. Surface water is also exposed in this Barangay. Out of 62.5% inventoried, only 39% may be considered as potential resources for drinking water. This percentage will most likely decrease further if flooding will contaminate the potential resource for drinking water. Storm surge will impact to 4 barangays which host the biggest part of mangrove area.	To improve future coastal sea defenses to withstand storm surges and save the current work in mangrove areas by 2020.	Environmental and Ecological Stability
		To improve current operations and programs intended to protect the mangrove areas along 4 barangays by 2020.	Environmental and Ecological Stability
		To defend vulnerable mangroves; protect vulnerable species and biodiversity from projected coastal erosion due to storm surge and stronger typhoons by 2020.	Environmental and Ecological Stability

Additional Examples:

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Economic Development	Issues Linked to Climate Change and DRR	New Climate Change Objectives	Linking Objectives to NCCAP Strategic Priorities
Sectoral Goals
Goal: Enhancement of economic prosperity & social justice	Most of the 15 barangays which are prone to flooding are designated as light to, medium to high intensity commercial zones (CLUP, 2016-2025) Majority of household/ business establishments in these 15 barangays are NOT complying to acquisition of fire extinguishers. Majority of businesses inspected in these barangays have no business permits and 70% are operating without insurance. 80% of household/ business establishment are NOT complying to acquisition of fire extinguishers. Retailers topped the list of businesses followed by services, lessors and restaurants/coffee shops. Almost all business types showed an increasing trend. Possible disruption of business may occur as these areas host to considerable number of commercial establishments and financial centers. The Heritage Corridor is prone to flooding.	To strengthen coordination with appropriate department in re-engineering existing and new earthworks to prevent landslips during rainy seasons (particularly in commercial zones within planned reclamation) within the CDP timeframe.	Environmental and Ecological Stability
			Environmental and Ecological Stability
		To strengthen coordination with private sectors for acquisition of fire extinguishers and sustain monitoring compliance of concerned business establishments by end of 2022.	Knowledge and Capacity building Human Security
		To improve awareness and appreciation among business establishments, retailers on the value of risk transfers and insurance within 2020.	Knowledge and Capacity building
		To improve business permit and licensing systems (BPLS) to track if business locations are in safe zones by end of 2020.	Knowledge and Capacity building
		To conduct and sustain infrastructure audit of tourism sites and buildings prone to flooding and severe wind Within 2021.	Environmental and Ecological Stability

Additional Example:

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Workshop 5: Setting Risk-Sensitive �Goals and Objectives

Sources	Observed Conditions	Explanations (Causes)	Implications when unresolved	GOALS	Objectives
CDRA Issue Matrix
VRG

1 hour.

Provide solutions to the issues, challenges and gaps. Follow the previous

workshop outputs.