ELECTRICAL WEARING

ELECTRICAL WIRING

NAME: MILENIUM UPADDHYA

ROLL NO: 21233

SEC: D

SEM: 1^ST

Prepared by – M. R. Mohanta

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WHAT IS ELECTRICAL WIRING SYSTEM

• • Electrical wiring is generally refers to insulated conductor used to carry current and associated device
• Domestic electric appliances like lights, fans, washing machines, water pumps etc are connected to the supply through insulated wires which are controlled by switches.
• The wiring diagram gives the connections of different appliances to the supply within a house or building.

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SYSTEM OF WIRING

• State electricity board provide electric supply up to a point outside the consumer premises. From this point consumer take the connection to his main board. Insulated electrical wires will be taken out to various places in the permises to supply power to different type of loads like lights, fans , refrigerators, room coolers, heaters,etc.

SPECIFICATION OF WIRES.

• The conductor material, insulation , size and the number of cores, specifies the electrical wires.
• The conductors are usually of either copper or aluminium. Various insulating materials like PVC,TRS and VIR are used.
• The wire may be of single strand or multi strand.
• Wires with combination of different diameters and the number of cores or strands are available.
• The selection of the wire is made depending on the requirement considering factors like current and voltage ratings, cost and application.
• The current carrying capacity depends on the total area of the wires.

WIRING AND IT’S TYPES

• Wires are drawn along the consumer’s building to distribute power to all points where load is situated.
• Types of wiring according to uses;
• 1. Domestic wiring.
• 2. Commercial wiring.
• 3. Industrial wiring.

POINTS TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE SELECTING ANY SYSTEM OF WIRING.

1. 1. life of installation •
2. 2. future extension or alterations •
3. 3. construction of building •
4. 4. fire hazards or other special conditions
5. 5. corrosive fumes
6. 6. dampness
7. 7. type of wire and material used •
8. 8. nature of load (lighting of power) •
9. 9. safety of the system •
10. 10. cost of wiring system

FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHOICE OF WIRING

• Durability : Type of wiring selected should conform to standard specifications, so that it is durable i.e. without being affected by the weather conditions, fumes etc.
• Safety : The wiring must provide safety against leakage, shock and fire hazards for the operating personnel.
• Appearance : Electrical wiring should give an aesthetic appeal to the interiors.
• • Cost: It should not be prohibitively expensive.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHOICE OF WIRING

• Accessibility : The switches and plug points provided should be easily accessible. There must be provision for further extension of the wiring system, if necessary.
• • Maintenance Cost: The maintenance cost should be a minimum.
• Mechanical safety : The wiring must be protected against any mechanical damage.

TYPES OF WIRING.

• These are the following types of wiring are:-
• 1. Cleat wiring
• 2. Wood casting wiring.
• 3. CTS wiring or TRS wiring or Batten wiringng
• 4. Conduit wirin
• 5. Metal sheathed wiring or lead sheathed wiring

CLEAT WIRING

• • In this type of wiring, wood or plastc cleats are fixed to walls or cellings at regular intervals .i.e.,0.6m between each cleat.
• • PVC insulated cables are taken through the holes of each cleat.
• • Cleat support and hold wires
• • This is cheap method.
• • It is not suitable for home.
• • It is outdated method.

CLEAT WIRING.

• This System uses insulated Cables sub protected in porcelain cleats.

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CTS WIRING OR TRS WIRING OR BATTEN WIRING

• This type of wiring is also used for house wiring and is quite cheap
• Cab tyre sheathed (C.T.S) wire or tough rubber sheathed (T.R.S) wire is normally used as conductor for this wiring.

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• 1. CONDUCTOR 2. RUBBER INSULATION 3. RUBBER SHEATH 4. BRAIDING

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CTS WIRING OR TRS WIRING OR BATTEN WIRING

• • The wires are run on the teak wooden battens which are fixed on the wall or the ceiling by means of screws and wooden plugs.
• C.T.S OR T.R.S cables used are not much affected by chemicals , water, and steam.

WOOD CASING WIRING

• In this cable is run through a wood casing having grooves
• The wood casing is of required fixed length with parallel grooves that accommodates the cables.
• The wooden casing is fixed to the walls or ceiling with screws.
• • After placing the cables inside the grooves of casing, a wooden cap with grooves is placed on it to cover the cables.
• • This is also cheap wiring system. There is a high risk of fire in case of short circuits.

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BATTEN WIRING

• In this , insulated wires are run through the straight teak wooden battens.
• • The wooden battens are fixed on the ceiling or walls by plugs and screws.
• • The cables are fitted onto the battens by using tinned brass link clips.
• • These clips are fixed to the battens with rust-resistance nails
• • This wiring installation is simple and cheap.
• • This system takes less time to install. • These are mainly used for indoor installation

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CONDUIT WIRING

• • In this wiring, PVC cables are taken through either PVC conduit pipes or through steel conduit pipes.
• This conduit wiring can be either surface conduit wiring or concealed conduit wiring.
• . If the conduits are run inside the surface of the walls and ceilings and are covered with plastering, it is called as conduit wiring.e

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METAL SHEATHED WIRING OR LEAD SHEATHED WIRING

• • The metal sheath is provided over the insulated conductor in order to protect system from mechanical injury, dampness, and atmospheric action
• » Same as C.T.S wiring system cables are run on wooden batten and are fixed with the help of tinned link clips.