SEL Learning Goal 5: Responsible and Ethical Decision-Making
Subgoal 5B: Engage in a reflective process to evaluate decision outcomes
Definition: Evaluate and Reflect
How to use this module…
Please print out a copy of this module to add to the others you have already done so that you can write on the pages when there is a reflection or activity to do.
Universal Design for Learning (UDL) & SEL
ALL of the SEL skills, strategies, ideas, activities to do with students can be adjusted, adapted, and accommodated so that ALL students can ACCESS and PARTICIPATE in Social- Emotional Learning Goals and Competencies.
Through:
Multiple Means of Engagement
Multiple Means of Representation
Multiple Means of Action and Expression
Let’s Review the New SEL Definition
CASEL’s (The Collaborative for Social Emotional Learning) New Definition describes SEL as: “Social and emotional learning (SEL) is an integral part of education and human development. SEL is the process through which all young people and adults acquire and apply the knowledge, skills, and attitudes to develop healthy identities, manage emotions and achieve personal and collective goals, feel and show empathy for others, establish and maintain supportive relationships, and make responsible and caring decisions.”
“We’ve updated our definition and framework to pay close attention to how SEL affirms the identities, strengths and experiences of all children, including those who have been marginalized in our education systems.”
A Closer Look at Responsible and Ethical Decision-Making
Responsible and Ethical Decision-Making Includes...
SEL Learning Goal 5: Responsible and Ethical Decision-Making
MVSD Benchmark Skills and Strategies: 7-9
Subgoal 5B: Engage in a reflective process to evaluate decision outcomes
Definition: Evaluate and Reflect (strategies in red from MVSD SEL Curriculum)
Benchmark Skills | Strategies |
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Vermont PBS has a learning library for educators that include videos and resources to support the 5 Social Emotional Learning Goals/ Competencies.
This video is on Responsible and Ethical Decision Making. It can serve as an intro to this SEL 5B Subgoal: Engage in a reflective process to evaluate decision outcomes. Share it with students and have a discussion with the class after, using the infographic handout.
This video and discussion can be a nice segway into the differences between problem solving and decision-making (next slide), types of decisions, and decision making strategies.
Source for this slide: https://vermont.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/responsible-decision-making-social-emotional/social-emotional-learning-video/
What’s the difference between decision making and problem solving?
Read further HERE to learn more about: Mental Health Benefits in Decision Making; why decision-making is lacking in most school curricula; how teachers can foster decision-making skills in their students; additional resources
Problem Solving | Decision Making |
“being forced to make a decision because of conditions beyond your control” (source: https://ozobot.com/blog/why-we-need-more-decision-making-lessons-in-the-classroom and https://www.conovercompany.com/teaching-decision-making-the-importance-of-good-decisions/ ) Ex: Figuring out which bday party to go to because you were invited to 2 birthday parties on the same day at the same time | “choosing to make a decision because you wish for something to occur that is not occurring at the present time” (source: https://ozobot.com/blog/why-we-need-more-decision-making-lessons-in-the-classroom and https://www.conovercompany.com/teaching-decision-making-the-importance-of-good-decisions/ ) Ex: using decision-making skills to pick out a birthday present |
Types of Decisions
Ozobot offers info on three types of decisions we make that you can teach students about:
Students need to learn when snap decisions are appropriate and when responsible decisions are necessary.
Source for this slide: https://ozobot.com/blog/why-we-need-more-decision-making-lessons-in-the-classroom
NO DECISION | SNAP DECISION | RESPONSIBLE DECISION |
Letting parents, friends, teachers, co-workers, etc.. make decisions for you because you are afraid you will make the wrong decision | making decisions without taking the time to think through the options or considering the consequences of your actions | Learning to carefully consider the the options and gather information to be able to make a choice on your own |
Pros and Cons Strategy- Why it works
Source for this Slide: ThinkInsight.net offers some helpful reasons on why the Pros and Cons Strategy is effective when making decisions:
“The faintest ink is more powerful than the strongest memory.”- Chinese Proverb-
NOTE: The article shares a Benjamin Franklin PRO/CON strategy for decision making, but it is rather complicated so if you want to read about it, go here, and read #s 2 & 3. If you want to use a more simple decision- making strategy with students, the one on the next slide from MindTools is suggested.
#4 in the article is the MOST IMPORTANT Advice of ALL…
Go with your GUT FEELING!
Weighing the Pros and Cons Strategy
Source for this slide: Mind Tools offers a Pros and Cons Approach to Decision-Making. *Although their example in the article reflects a work environment, you can change it to make the decision about a school environment or personal issue or use one of your own.
STEPS:.
Decisions… How They Can Affect All Aspects of Your Life
GreatWorkLife.com offers some insight when it comes to how decisions affect many aspects of our lives. To help build students’ background information,share these tips when you are creating lessons and activities around decision-making skills to use with students:
Decision-Making Scenarios Exercise
Teacher: Implement a Decision of the Day Activity at the start of each class.
Read through the scenarios HERE. Choose a different scenario each day that students will discuss in small groups. Page 2 is the worksheet and includes having the students decide a Positive and a Negative Outcome for their decision and how it might impact them, their friendships, their parents, classmates, etc.
Source: https://wardman.weebly.com/
Decision-Making Self- Reflection Brainstorming Sheet: Steps to Consider
Before considering a decision, especially a big one that can change you life in some way, think about using a Pro/Con Strategy as mentioned prior and along with that, consider using these steps that can help you decide on the right decision that will have positive outcomes:
STEP 1: What is the issue/problem I have to make a decision about? _________
____________________________________________________________________
STEP 2: Rate the size of this issue/problem: Will this issue create major impacts on your life? Circle: 1 (not much impact) 2 (a little impact) 3 (medium impact ) 4 (pretty big impact) 5 (a very BIG impact!)
STEP 3: What are some alternatives if I don’t go with this decision? _______________
_____________________________________________________________________
Decision-Making Self- Reflection Brainstorming Sheet: Steps to Consider
STEP 4: Make a Choice: After considering all the options, I am choosing to:
because _____________________________________________________________
STEP 5: Try it Out: (How long will you give this choice before you reevaluate to see if it was the right one, whether it works for you, etc.. _____________________________
STEP 6: Reevaluate- was this the best choice? Why or why not? YES NO
If not, what might you try next?
Guest Speaker Questionnaire Worksheet
To prepare for guest speakers, divide class into small groups and have each group brainstorm 2 questions they want to ask their guest related to decision-making. Students can use the worksheet to draft the questions- including one on and how decisions they have made affected themselves or others either in their personal life (family, relatives, friends,) or at work, professionally or both.
Guest Speaker Name: ____________________________________________________
What is a decision you made about your career choice that has impacted you, your family, and or others in your life and HOW has the decision impacted you and them? __________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Brainstorm Other Questions:
Create another job related question to ask
Create a question related to a personal decision and ask HOW it impacted your life and others’ lives:
Guest Speaker Questionnaire Worksheet
Guest Speaker Name: ____________________________________________________
Occupation: ____________________________________________________________
What made you decide on this career / occupation? ____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
What is a decision you made about your career choice that has impacted you, your family, and or others in your life and HOW has the decision impacted you and them? ______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Your Group can brainstorm other work questions around important decision making to ask the speaker:
EX: Has your use of social media ever impacted your ability to get hired?
Other Questions:
SEL Learning Goal 5: Responsible and Ethical Decision-Making
MVSD Benchmark Skills and Strategies: 10-12
Subgoal 5B: Engage in a reflective process to evaluate decision outcomes
Definition: Evaluate and Reflect (strategies in red from MVSD SEL Curriculum)
Benchmark Skills | Strategies |
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Factors that Can Influence Decision Making
It is important to discuss with students that there are significant factors that can affect decisions as they relate to their future goals. Inquiriesjournal.com outlines some of these and offers some further explanations:
*Cognitive Bias Types: (Go to article and read more on what each type of bias is; th ask students
-Belief Bias to choose one of these biases that they can relate to and share HOW
-Hindsight Bias this bias they have affected a decision they made)
-Omission Bias
-Confirmation Bias
*Source: (Marsh, & Hanlon, 2007; Nestler. & von Collani, 2008; Stanovich & West, 2008; see also West et al., 2008).
Factors that Can Influence Decision Making continued
AGE: As we age and cognitive abilities decline, sound decision-making can become for of a challenge (see article for details about how age can impact decision making)
Socioeconomic status: people in a lower socioeconomic status may have less access to education and resources- this may contribute to negative life events out of their control which may result in poor decision making, based on past experiences and decisions.
Source for Info on slides 20-22: Article from InquiriesJournal.com
Post Secondary/Career Plans and Future Life Goals
Student Self-Reflection: How do my plans after high school align with my future life goals? ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Outside factors that have played a role and/or influenced decisions I am making about my life after high school:
People that have played a role and/or influenced decisions I am making about my life after high school:
Post Secondary/Career Plans and Future Life Goals
How have decisions I have made affected my education- (Ex: What connections can I see between how my grades, social life and activities, school experience, personal and emotional learning, behaviors, have affected my future life goals/)
Grades/my overall education How they affect future goals:
_________________________ _____________________________________
School experience
__________________________ _____________________________________
Personal Social & Emotional Learning
__________________________ _____________________________________
Behaviors ______________________ _____________________________________
Other Factors: ___________________ _____________________________________
Student Interviewing Someone About Their Job Choice
Task: Your task is to:
-With permission from the person you are interviewing, record the interview and share the audio with the class.
-Create a poster.
-Write a short one, page paper using info you collect from an interview template (see next slide).
- come up with another idea for how to share the info- get the “ok” from your teacher
Interview Questions
Name of Person you are interviewing: __________________________________________________________
Their Job Title/Position: _____________________________________________________________________
How long have you been in the position? _______________________________________________________
Why did you choose this career/job? __________________________________________________________
What interested you about this position? _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
What are your job responsibilities? ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
What decisions do you have to make everyday on the job? ________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Are the decisions difficult? If so, how? ________________________________________________________
If you could change one thing about this job, what would it be and why? _______________________________
Decision-Making Self- Reflection Brainstorming Sheet: Steps to Consider
Before considering a decision, especially a big one that can change you life in some way, think about using a Pro/Con Strategy as mentioned prior and along with that, consider using these steps that can help you decide on the right decision that will have positive outcomes:
STEP 1: What is the issue/problem I have to make a decision about? _________
____________________________________________________________________
STEP 2: Rate the size of this issue/problem: Will this issue create major impacts on your life? Circle: 1 (not much impact) 2 (a little impact) 3 (medium impact ) 4 (pretty big impact) 5 (a very BIG impact!)
STEP 3: What are some alternatives if I don’t go with this decision? _______________
_____________________________________________________________________
Decision-Making Self- Reflection Brainstorming Sheet: Steps to Consider
STEP 4: Make a Choice: After considering all the options, I am choosing to:
because _________________________________________________________________________
STEP 5: Try it Out: (How long will you give this choice before you reevaluate to see if it was the right one, whether it works for you, etc.. _________________________________________________________
STEP 6: Reevaluate- was this the best choice? Why or why not? YES NO
If not, what might you try next?
***List external factors that might influence your decision: _______________________________
__________________________ _______________________ _________________________
Learning From the Past to Inform Future Practices
Students need to be able to reflect on past experiences and lessons learned from them so that they can move forward with new, positive future practices. First, they need to broaden their background knowledge about ways they can learn from the past. Kevin Eikenberry, Leadership expert and Coach from Leadership and Learning, shares 7 ways to do this. You might consider teaching this process to students to help them understand how the past can inform their future decisions.
Source for this slide: https://blog.kevineikenberry.com/coaching-developing-others/seven-ways-productively-learn-past/
*Use this process for the Adult group as well (next section of the mod)
Learning From the Past to Inform Future Practices
Activity: Have students think about a past experience that did not end the way they had hoped (support students who may need scaffolding and prompting for this exercise).
Lessons I Learned
Describe a past experience where the outcome didn’t go the way you planned: _________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
In order to move forward, first take a look back on what happened:
Reflect on it: ____________________________________________________________________________
Study it: ________________________________________________________________________________
Reply it: ________________________________________________________________________________
Generalize it: ____________________________________________________________________________
Release yourself from it: ___________________________________________________________________
Reframe it: _______________________________________________________________________________
Use it: ___________________________________________________________________________________
Give students the detailed info for each step on slide 28 to reference as a guide or go to the article .
SEL Learning Goal 5: Responsible and Ethical Decision-Making
MVSD Benchmark Skills and Strategies: ADULT
Subgoal 5B: Engage in a reflective process to evaluate decision outcomes
Definition: Evaluate and Reflect (strategies in red from MVSD SEL Curriculum)
Benchmark Skills | Strategies |
(Process that can be helpful to use with adults)
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Get Involved in Your Community
Share these Community Volunteer Resources with adults you are working with:
Local Resources: these websites can help connect you to volunteer opportunities in your local area: volunteermatch.org , idealist.org , allforgood.org
State Resources: for Vermont, check out the Attorney General’s Office website page:
Get Involved , Volunteer Opportunities - The City of Burlington , VT Engage: Partner Volunteer Opportunities , Vermont Community Garden Network , Green Mountain Habitat for Humanity
National Level:
Volunteer Energy offers other ideas: be a tutor, attend local community meetings, clean up, get disaster relief certified, serve at a food bank, start a club or team, serve the elderly
4 Types of Influencers
The Reinforcer, The Neutralizer, The Shaper, The Follower
Which type of influencer do you tend to be?
Types of Influencers
(info for this slide from the video on slide 32)
Take a closer look:
Type 2: The Neutralizer
(info for this slide from the video on slide 32)
Type 3: The Shaper
(info for this slide from the video on slide 32)
Type 4: The Follower
(info for this slide from the video on slide 32)
Which influencer type do you tend to be most of the time?
Influencer Type: __________________________________
Why I see myself as this type of influencer: _________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Do you ever seen yourself as another type of influencer- does your role change based on the choice/option or situation being presented? ______________________________________________________________________
Other Factors: Social Influence - Social Loafing…???? Watch to learn more.
After watching, have a group discussion.Then, with partner, revisit the video and list all the types of social influence that were mentioned.
The Impact of Culture in Decision-Making
After watching the video, share one “AH-HA” you had.
How Culture Drives Behavior- Julien S. Bourelle
Can you change your cultural glasses?
After listening to this TED TALK, have the adults you work with break into small groups and share their thoughts about Julien’s message.
Questions to Consider:
What is one thing I can change about my cultural glasses (beliefs and/or my behaviors) that will help me learn, appreciate, an embrace other cultures?
How do my cultural norms or the norms of other cultures influence and/or affect the decisions I make?
Media and Health- How it Impacts Our Decisions
What is one takeaway from this video?
Reasons We May Hesitate in Making Decisions- Overcoming Barriers
AMA (American Management Association) shares helpful insight that can be used in any situation:
In the article they introduce the term: Decision-Making Paralysis and give these reasons we may hesitate to make decisions:
What do we do? “You do the best you can and act in by acting in an informed, positive, and courageous way.”
They offer the following tools you can use to improve your own decision-making and to teach to others that will help them make more efficient decisions- see next slide
Source for this slide: https://www.amanet.org/articles/overcoming-the-barriers-to-decision-making/
Useful for: Go/no-go decisions, weighing two options, and eliminating options when multiple choices are possible.
This strategy can be helpful when you are not sure what you want and you are having trouble making up your mind-
1. Assign one choice to each side of the coin (heads, we eat pizza; tails, we eat tacos).
2. Toss the coin.
3. Then decide.
If you don’t like the choice, yu can always change it!
(This tool would not be a recommended tool to use for life changing decisions!)
Source from: https://www.amanet.org/articles/overcoming-the-barriers-to-decision-making/
Useful for: Go/No Go Decisions (source for this slide: Overcoming the Barriers to Decision-Making)
-After listing all his pros and cons, he weighed them against each other. -If a pro was equal in importance or value to a con, he crossed both out. -If two cons equaled one pro, he crossed out all three. -The side with items remaining after all the crossing out was completed was the winning side.
Useful for: Establishing Decision-Making CriterIa and weighing multiple options to solve the same problem
Source: https://www.amanet.org/articles/overcoming-the-barriers-to-decision-making/
Tool 4: When Your Boss/Coworker is Absent or Unavailable (for use in the workplace)
Sometimes we may have to make decisions when our Boss and/or a colleague we work with is not available or absent and it is left to us to decide. How should we make decisions?
PLAN AHEAD: First consider all the issues that may come up for the Boss- this is called Anticipatory Planning:
PLAN AHEAD: What if it is only a short absence? Long term? And how should the Boss adjust their decision-making approach? Read HERE for details
What about if YOU are away, absent, on leave, on vacation, etc? PLAN AHEAD!
What will the Boss or your colleagues need to know? Where will they find materials, important docs, etc.. that they may need? What may they need access to while you are away?
How to Deliver Unpopular Decisions
This leadership resource from Canadian Business offers some helpful tips to consider when you have to make unpopular decisions. It can also help you deal with unpopular decisions that others in your workplace and/or personal life make:
Delivering Unpopular Decisions continued
2. Relay Info Promptly and Frequently
The authors say the rumor mill is always going in the workplace. Holding on to info about changes until they are set is difficult to do. They suggest:
3. Keep it as personal as you can: the first communication should be personal
Delivering Unpopular Decisions continued
4. Take accountability for your decisions:
Delivering Unpopular Decisions continued
5. Invite a dialogue:
Know Your Team’s article on Handling Negative Feedback offers some helpful insights:
The most important thing to remember about receiving negative feedback is:
“It’s not about what you feel is true to you, it’s about what is true for the person giving you the feedback.” (from the article)
What NOT to Do: Try to change the person’s mind and rebut the feedback!
Ex from the article: The feedback was that Claire came across as “fake.” Claire may not see herself as coming across as “fake” by not following through with people the Boss has introduced her to, but that is her thinking, and may not be someone else’s take.
SO…. the article suggests that instead of trying to change this person’s mind or what is true to him/her, try changing your own behavior.
Reflection Processing Activity: Facilitate this with those you are working with: NEXT SLiDE
Source: https://knowyourteam.com/blog/2017/07/06/how-to-handle-negative-feedback-we-dont-want-to-hear/
Negative Feedback Reflection Processing Sheet
Think of a time when you received negative feedback. Describe the situation- the setting, the activity. the people involved, etc. :___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
What was the negative feedback you received? __________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
How did you respond? _____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
How did it make you feel? ___________________________________________________________
How will you use the feedback to set up a short and/or a long term goal to that can improve your performance next time? ____________________________________________________________
Short and.or Long Term Goal: _______________________________________________________________
YOU DID IT!
You have reached the end of SEL Learning Goal 5, Subgoal 5B! This is the last module in MVSD’s SEL Curriculum Guide Learning Library Series, Grade Bands 7-Adult. Take a moment to review the slides within this module and reflect upon a new learning, strategy, a resource or article, etc. that you gained new knowledge about and/or will try/incorporate into a unit/academic lesson/ activity that you will be doing with students.
Something new I learned in this module: ______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
How I will be able to use this in a unit/lessons/activity: ___________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Tools and Materials I will need: _____________________________________________________
THANK YOU!
My hope is somewhere along in this process of all the new learning and discovery of ideas, strategies, tools, and resources for SEL Teaching Practices, you now feel excited, confident, and ready to infuse and embed these into your daily teaching, EVERYTHING you do makes a difference and as Maya Angelou once said: