Comparing Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles

& Electric Vehicles

Presenters: Daravith Thach, Vy Nguyen, Landon Krivanec, Sean Kim, Emily Espinosa

Course: ISE 105, Instructor: Dr. Behin Elahi

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Date: 5/7/24

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1. Introduction

Electric Vehicle boom is here!

How do they compare to our original

perception of cars?

Comparisons:

• Energy Efficiency
• Ownership Experience
• Cost Comparison
• Environmental Impact

Why Does The Growth of Electric Vehicles Matter?

1. Positive Environmental Impact
2. Driving Innovation
3. Increasing Market Growth
4. Creating New Job Opportunities
5. Decreasing Energy Independence

on Fossil Fuels

2. Energy Efficiency

Energy Efficiency Comparison

Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle (ICEV) System

Electric Vehicle (ICEV) System

Energy Efficiency Comparison (Cont.)

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• Electric Vehicles: 71% to 81%
• Average: 76%

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• Internal Combustion Vehicles: 64% to 69%
• Average: 66%

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• Only Engine Comparison

(Poornesh et. al, 2020)

Energy Efficiency Comparison (Cont.)

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Overall wheel-to-wheel

efficiency:

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• Electric Vehicles are more efficient in each category!

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(Poornesh et. al, 2020)

3. Ownership experience

Ownership Experience For Petrol and Electric Cars

-Owning either petrol or electric vehicle can vary in many factors, such as the cost, maintenance, and daily use.

- The running costs of EV are cheaper to fuel than petrol cars. Maintenance costs for EV is also cheaper, but mainly for a fewer moving parts like less wear and tear.

- Electric cars requires less maintenance to maintain than petrol cars. This can lead to a smoother and more hassle-free ownership experience.

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Ownership Experience for Petrol and Electric Cars (Cont.)

• For the long-term ownership, depends on various factors such as the vehicle model, the distance driven, and the cost of electricity.

Depreciation for Electric and Petrol Cars

-Electric vehicles have a higher depreciation rate than petrol vehicle. EV have a five-year depreciation rate of 49.1%.

- Petrol cars have lower depreciation rate between 31% and 52%

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4. Cost Comparison

Initial Cost

• Petrol Cars: $33,797

• Electric Cars: $53,758

Fuel Cost

Histogram of Gasoline Prices

Histogram of Electricity Retail Pricing

Fulton & Bastian (2012)

How to calculate the Cost?

• Diesel bus (10 years of lifetime):
• Fuel cost with VAT: 1.169 €/liter
• Average fuel consumption: 32 liter/100km
• Fuel cost consumption cost 26,960.69 €/year
• Maintenance cost: 9420 €/year
• Total: 36,380.69 €/year

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• Electric bus (10 years of lifetime):🌟
• Electricity cost with VAT: 0.08 € /kWh
• Average electricity consumption: 1.27 kWh/km
• Electricity consumption cost: 7,322.52 €/year
• Maintenance cost: 5350 €/year
• Total: 12,672.52 €/year

Potkany et. al (2018)

4. Environmental Impact

Environmental Impact

• Concentrations of atmospheric CO2, NO2, and CH4 are at an all time high
• Typical gas vehicles

-2 billion pounds of carbon into atmosphere

• Production of gasoline
• ICE Vehicles and its efficiency

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• EVs and its efficiency
• EVs have no tailpipe emission
• Greenhouse gases associated with EVs over its lifetime is lower than ICEV

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Modern Day Limitations on EVs

Limitations (cont.)

• EVs cannot charge in cold weather where weather drops below 32℉
• Lowered range in cold areas, EVs best suited for consistent warm weather
• EVs weigh on average 30% more than gas cars leading to extra strain on tires
• The additional weight of EV batteries result in damaged roads causing additional infrastructure burdens
• Lithium batteries contain toxic materials that could contaminate water

Future Research Areas:

Solar Powered Vehicles

• First introduced as a concept in 1955 by General Motors
• No vehicles on the market running solely on solar
• Harvested solar energy can produce only 15-45 miles of range per day
• Fuel is free, completely renewable, and abundant in certain areas
• Most vehicles that implement solar are EV-solar hybrid vehicles

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Solar Power constraints

• Geographical limitations for solar powered cars, limited to naturally sunny areas
• Angle of solar energy
• Inconsistent range for solar powered vehicles
• Not enough surface area on a standard car to adequately harvest solar energy
• Most solar-powered vehicles that are being produced also rely on electric range

Route Prediction for Solar Powered Vehicles

• Data from weather patterns used to optimize routes for solar powered vehicles
• Route Prediction utilizing the mobile “Drive Solar” application proved that a solar powered vehicle has the potential to be implemented in Dublin City
• Test conducted in Dublin Ireland where the average daily commute is around 10.5 miles
• Average daily commute in US is 42 miles, unlikely to be replicated in US

References (list below. Feel free to use couple more slides)

EV Powered. (2024, January 30). Electric vs. petrol: Pros and cons of evs. https://evpowered.co.uk/feature/electric-vs-petrol-pros-and-cons-of-evs/

EV vs. gas: Which cars are cheaper to own? (n.d.). https://www.caranddriver.com/shopping-advice/a32494027/ev-vs-gas-cheaper-to-own/

Fulton, L. V., & Bastian, N. D. (2012). A fuel cost comparison of electric and gas-powered vehicles. Simulation Series, 44(16), 20–25.

Potkány, M., Hlatká, M., Debnár, M., & Hanzl, J. (2018). Comparison of the lifecycle cost structure of electric and diesel buses. Nase More, 65(4 Special issue), 270–275. https://doi.org/10.17818/NM/2018/4SI.20

Poornesh, K., Nivya, K. P., & Sireesha, K. (2020, September). A comparative study on electric vehicle and internal combustion engine vehicles. In 2020 International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC) (pp. 1179-1183). IEEE.

Suri, A. (2023, March 21). Do electric cars depreciate faster and lose more value than petrol cars?. Ezoomed. https://www.ezoomed.com/blog/ev-knowledge/do-electric-cars-depreciate-faster-and-lose-more-value-than-petrol-cars/

Yahoo! (n.d.). EVs are depreciating faster than gas cars. here’s how the oldest models like Tesla are faring. Yahoo! News. https://www.yahoo.com/news/evs-depreciating-faster-gas-cars-110901767.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmluZy5jb20v&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAMOMsg9hLAprlm30Qyho_bykWTYt5tiioDQ0OCV1vysbvqxRIme7HyWuHXxfI8g1aBSP_PNChg1ZysQ-7eXpTZQIdX5YLXaGi-nC7-CnYM80woWCVuOkjgsSJ35i1cfv3DFYBK3Ay1rEUQ2BWYxw1Keoq1Rz7JA1n0u0rhGkNKTD

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