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An Overview of Mendocino Marine Protected Areas�Your local on the water playground

© Rikki Eriksen

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OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION

  • Introduction to Mendocino County
  • Science of marine conservation
  • Deep dive into local marine protected areas (MPAs)
  • Species you may encounter
  • Guide to wildlife etiquette
  • Local engagement with your coast

© California Sea Grant

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WELCOME TO MENDOCINO COUNTY

  • By land and sea, one of most biodiverse places in California

  • Before U.S. Coast Guard, Mendocino locals called the “Surfmen” took it upon themselves to rescue endangered ships

  • Home to 14 MPAs and 1 Special Closure:
    • 11 SMCAs = blue
    • 3 SMRs = red
    • 1 Special Closure = pink
    • And the Greater Farallones NMS

YOU ARE

HERE!

Greater

Farallones

NMS

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NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBAL HISTORY

Coast Yuki

  • Inhabited areas from the Noyo River north to Ten Mile River
  • Referred to themselves as ‘Ukoht-ontilka’ - ocean people

Pomo

  • Small tribes inhabited areas from Cleone to Duncan's Point, south of Mendocino County
  • Divided into Northern, Central, Southern, and Southwestern bands

Pomo and Coast Yuki traded seaweed, finfish, shellfish, and other foods for items from inland Tribal Nations

  • Small tribes
  • Fished for chinook and coho salmon and steelhead trout
  • Harvested surf fish, abalone, and mussels
  • Clamshell beads were used as currency

© Mendocino Railroad History

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INTERTRIBAL SINKYONE WILDERNESS COUNCIL�

  • Played key role in MLPA.
    • Successfully advocated on behalf of 18 Tribes for continuation of tribal customary cultural ways within six new SMCAs between Point Arena and Mattole River

  • Led Ocean Wilderness Delegation at World Congress

  • Publication providing significant baseline for scientists

  • Lead plaintiff in 2012 federal lawsuit against National Marine Fisheries Service for Navy’s Northwest Training and Testing

© InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness Council

© InterTribal Sinkyone Wilderness Council

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COASTAL RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES

WILDLIFE WATCHING

FISHING

HIKING

@Rene Rivers

© Rikki Eriksen

© Ali Weheda

© Demed

© BLM

© jerseygal2009

© Lisa Ouellette

Go whale watching at:

  • Most any coastal vantage spot
  • Point Arena MPAs

Certain fishing is allowed in:

  • MacKerricher SMCA
  • Point Arena SMCA
  • Ten Mile SMCA
  • Big River SMCA
  • Navarro River SMCA
  • Sea Lion Cove SMCA

Go hiking at:

  • Coastal trails along entire coast
  • Mendocino Headlands Trail
  • Russian Gulch
  • Big River Trail
  • Devils Gulch Trail

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KAYAKING

TIDEPOOLING

SURFING

Go surfing at:

  • Pt Arena MPAs
  • Virgin Beach
  • Hares Beach Access
  • Blues Creek – Westport
  • Wages Beach-Westport

Go tidepooling in:

  • MacKerricher SMCA
  • Van Damme MPAS
  • Russian Gulch

Go kayaking in:

  • Most any coastal vantage spot
  • Van Damme SMCA

© Lisa Ouellette

© BLM

© Ali Weheda

COASTAL RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES

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COASTAL ACCESS

  1. Sinkyone Wilderness State Park
  2. Usal Beach
  3. Westport Landing Union State Beach
  4. Seaside Creek Beach
  5. Ten Mile Beach
  6. MacKerricher State Park
  7. Jug Handle State Natural Reserve
  8. Point Cabrillo Light Station State Historic Park
  9. Russian Gulch State Park
  10. Mendocino Headlands State Park
  11. Navarro Point Preserve
  12. Greenwood Creek State Beach
  13. Manchester State Park
  14. Point Arena Lighthouse
  15. Schooner Gulch State Beach

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CAMPGROUNDS

  1. Bear Harbor Camp
  2. Usal Beach Campground
  3. Westport Beach RV Park & Campground
  4. Surfwood Campground, Cleone Campground, MacKerricher Westpine Campground,, Pinewood Campground
  5. Pomo RV Park & Campground, Woodside RV Park & Campground
  6. Russian Gulch State Park
  7. Mendocino Grove
  8. Van Damme State Park
  9. Albion River Campground
  10. Manchester State Park
  11. Manchester Beach/Mendocino Coast KOA
  12. Anchor Bay Campground

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SCIENCE OF MARINE CONSERVATION

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WHAT IS A MARINE PROTECTED AREA (MPA)?

©Jim Johnston

© Bart Selby

Marine Protected Areas (or MPA), are protected areas of the ocean created to ensure conservation and sustainability of marine resources for the future.

They are important to YOU, and here’s why:

  • Fish populations are in decline worldwide

  • MPAs may increase abundance, size and biodiversity (variety of marine life), including fish

  • Many MPAs protect critical breeding, nursery and feeding habitats for fish and other marine species

Ex.) Big River Estuary SMCA serves as vital spawning and nursery grounds for species like Dungeness crab, and coho and chinook salmon

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CALIFORNIA’S NETWORK OF MPAS

  • 124 State MPAs, including 14 Special Closures

    • Protect 16% of California’s waters
        • 9% no-take
        • 84% of waters not designated as MPAs

          • Network completed in 2012

              • Managed by CDFW

Visit wildlife.ca.gov/MPAs

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A Variety of habitats

MPAS PROTECT A VARIETY OF HABITATS

SOFT-OCEAN BOTTOMS

SUBMARINE CANYONS

KELP FORESTS

INTERTIDAL

ESTUARIES

ROCKY REEFS

The MPA network contains representative habitats found throughout coastal waters, including estuaries, intertidal zones, rocky reefs, kelp forests, soft-ocean bottoms and submarine canyons.

SANDY BEACHES

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STATE MARINE RESERVES

CANNOT Take, harm, or pursue anything -living or nonliving- from these areas.

CAN Swim, dive, sail, surf, snorkel, kayak, tide pool, and explore!

MULTI-USE AREA NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARIES

CAN Take most species recreationally & commercially with a license.

CAN Swim, dive, sail, surf, snorkel, kayak, tide pool, and explore!

STATE MARINE

CONSERVATION AREAS

CAN Take certain species recreationally & commercially with a license.

CAN Swim, dive, sail, surf, snorkel, kayak, tide pool, and explore!

WHAT CAN YOU DO IN YOUR MPA?

Many kinds of MPAs--- while National Sanctuaries don’t limit take, State MPAs may limit some or all fishing and collecting.

“Take” means to hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill, fish, mollusks, or crustaceans or attempting to do so.

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BIG OLD FERTILE FEMALE FISH (BOFFF)

Average numbers of young produced by three different sizes of vermillion rockfish.

Data: Love et al. (1990) NOAA Technical Report

Older, fatter females are much more important to reproduction than younger, smaller fish. This concept called BOFFF is key to why MPAs can and do work for replenishing our oceans.

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CALIFORNIA’S MARINE PROTECTED AREAS�(MPAs)

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MENDOCINO STATE MARINE PROTECTED AREAS

STATE MARINE RESERVES (SMR)

STATE MARINE CONSERVATION AREAS (SMCA)

SPECIAL CLOSURES

1. Double Cone Rock SMCA

2. Vizcaino Rock Special Closure

3. Ten Mile SMR

4. Ten Mile Beach SMCA

5. Ten Mile Estuary SMCA

6. MacKerricher SMCA

7. Point Cabrillo SMR

8. Russian Gulch SMCA

9. Big River Estuary SMCA

10. Van Damme SMCA

11. Navarro River Estuary SMCA

12. Point Arena SMCA

13. Point Arena SMR

14. Sea Lion Cove SMCA

15. Saunders Reef SMCA

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“Take” means to hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill, fish, mollusks, or crustaceans or attempting to do so.

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SMR

Restrictions

Ten Mile, Point Cabrillo & Point Arena SMRs

Take of all living marine resources,

including shells and rocks, is prohibited.

MPA

Allowable Take

Double Cone Rock SMCA

Recreational take of salmon by trolling and Dungeness crab by trap, hoop net or hand. Commercial take of salmon with troll fishing gear and Dungeness crab by trap.

Ten Mile Estuary SMCA

Waterfowl and salmonids may be taken in accordance with local regulations.

Ten Mile Beach SMCA

Recreational take of Dungeness crab by trap, hoop net or hand; Commercial take of Dungeness crab by trap. Includes take exemptions for some federal tribes.

MacKerricher & Russian Gulch SMCAs

All recreational take is allowed in accordance with current regulations. All commercial take is allowed, except the commercial take of bull kelp and giant kelp is prohibited.

Big River Estuary SMCA

Waterfowl in accordance to local regulations; recreational take of surfperch by hook-and-line from shore only; and Dungeness crab by hoop net or hand. Includes exemptions for some federal tribes.

Vizcaino Rock Special Closure

Restricted boating and access. No person except employees of CDFW, USFWS, NOAA or USCG during performance of their official duties, or unless permission is granted by CDFW shall enter.

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MPA

Allowable Take

Van Damme SMCA

All recreational and commercial take is allowed in accordance with current regulations, except commercial take of bull and giant kelp.

Navarro River Estuary SMCA

The recreational take of salmonids by hook-and-line; Waterfowl taken in accordance with local regulations. Includes take exemptions for some federal tribes.

Point Arena SMCA

Recreational and commercial take of salmon by trolling.

Sea Lion Cove SMCA

Recreational and commercial take of finfish.

Saunders Reef SMCA

Recreational and commercial take of salmon by trolling. Commercial take of urchin.

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DOUBLE CONE ROCK SMCA &VIZCAINO ROCK SPECIAL CLOSURE

  • Located along remote stretch of coastline
  • Since dungeness crab trapping and salmon fishing are such lucrative industries in this region, take of those two species is still permitted in Double Cone Rock SMCA
  • Vizcaino Rock is a seasonal special closure, prohibiting boat traffic and other nearby human activity
  • Small rocky pinnacles that rise from depths offer refuge to nesting seabirds
  • More than 8,000 birds nest here: black oystercatcher, Brandt’s cormorant, common murre, pigeon guillemot, and rhinoceros auklet

© Brook

© Asa Spade

© Delia Bense-Kang

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��TEN MILE SMR, TEN MILE ESTUARY & TEN MILE BEACH SMCAS

  • SMR is located 10 miles north of Fort Bragg
  • SMR sits north of SMCA
    • characterized by offshore pinnacles, sandy beaches, and rocky shorelines
    • extensive rocky reef home to mussels, anemones, urchins, and many different colored seaweeds
  • Ten Mile Beach SMCA - sandy beach that leads to fragile dunes of Inglenook Fen-Ten Mile Dunes Natural Preserve
  • Mounds of kelp that wash up are filled with myriad of life
  • Steelhead trout and coho salmon dwell in Ten Mile Estuary as juveniles before heading out to sea

© jrmorris

© Catie Clune

© D Wilson

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POINT CABRILLO SMR & MACKERRICHER SMCA

  • Point Cabrillo SMR sits in rugged coast of Caspar, with light station nearby
  • Pomo people called this place Ditc’olel
  • MacKerricher SMCA highly accessible and allows recreational fishing
  • Tidepools teem with marine life including various seaweeds, invertebrates, and fish
  • Endangered snowy plovers, and other shore birds that make their homes along sandy dunes and coastal cliffs

© D. Ward

© Alex Bairstow

© Bernard Spragg

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  • Van Damme SMCA - small protected bay, popular among free divers, kayakers, scuba divers, and recreational anglers
  • Russian Gulch SMCA - situated between the towns of Fort Bragg and Mendocino
  • Russian Gulch SMCA - characterized by coves, rocky islands, caves, inlets, and a few tidepools
  • Both kelp monitoring sites to understand decline

© Neva Swensen

© Kip Evans Photography/Ocean Conservancy

© Josh Larios

VAN DAMME & RUSSIAN GULCH SMCAS

© jrmorris

© Asa Spade

© Angela Edmunds

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NAVARRO RIVER ESTUARY & BIG RIVER ESTUARY SMCAS

  • Navarro River winds 28 miles to Pacific
  • Kayaking & canoeing popular in winter and spring
  • Big River Estuary is the longest undeveloped estuary in Northern California
  • Huge redwoods stretch to river, and lead to marshy banks where river otters, bald eagles, salmon, and wildlife abound
  • Chinook salmon, coho salmon, rainbow trout are common in both rivers
  • Perch are most abundant fish in Big River Estuary

© Sally Anderson

© Catie Clune

© Ka Jo

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POINT ARENA SMR, SMCA & SEA LION COVE SMCA

  • Point Arena SMR and SMCA sit along the Point Arena headlands
    • bluffs, sandy seafloors, rocky reefs, and highly nutrient-rich waters
  • The SMCA lies offshore of the SMR out to the state’s 3-nautical mile
  • Sea Lion Cove SMCA is aptly named due to the large number of sea lions that haul out here
  • MPAs adjacent to Point Arena -Stornetta Public Lands

© Joe Cutler

© Joe Cutler

© Klaus Steifel

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SAUNDERS REEF SMCA

  • Experiencing unprecedented losses of kelp due to dramatic increase in purple urchins - voracious herbivores
  • Once most extensive stand of bull kelp in Mendocino
  • Rocky reefs and dense kelp beds
  • Black rockfish, vermilion rockfish, and yelloweye rockfish, as well as urchins, abalone, sea stars, and north Pacific giant octopus are common

© Bart Selby

© Robin Gwen Agarwal

© CMSF

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LOCAL MARINE SPECIES

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LOCAL FISH SPECIES

HALIBUT

COHO SALMON

LINGCOD

REDTAIL SURFPERCH

KELP GREENLING

CDFW

CABEZON

© NOAA

© DanielGotshall

© damiano

© josiahclark

© catchang

© Richard Wasson

© Richard Wasson

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LOCAL FISH SPECIES

CHINOOK SALMON

QUILLBACK ROCKFISH

BLUE ROCKFISH

BLACK ROCKFISH

STRIPED SEAPERCH

RAINBOW TROUT

© josiahclark

© Richard Wasson

© Noah Jenkins

© Asa Spade

© Richard Wasson

© Richard Wasson

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LOCAL INVERTEBRATE & MARINE ALGAE SPECIES

ABALONE

KOMBU (SETCHELL’S KELP)

DUNGENESS CRAB

GIANT KELP

PURPLE SEA URCHIN

BULL KELP

© Ed Bierman

© Eugene Kim

© BLM

© George Brooks

© Gena Bentall

© Colleen Proppe

© keithpittluck

© tseville

© Alison Young

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LOCAL BIRD SPECIES

RHINOCEROS AUKLET

COMMON MURRE

TUFTED PUFFIN

PELAGIC CORMORANT

BLACK OYSTERCATCHER

© larzalere

© BLM

© Barbara Matsubara

© Keenan Yakola

© Robin Gwen Agarwal

© Dario

PIGEON GUILLEMOT

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LOCAL MARINE MAMMAL SPECIES

CALIFORNIA SEA LION

HARBOR SEAL

PACIFIC WHITE-SIDED DOLPHIN

ORCA

HUMPBACK WHALE

STELLER SEA LION

© M Holyoak

© Dana Murray

© BLM

© Robin Agarwal

© David Ledig/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

© NOAA

© Robin Agarwal

© I Gledhill

©.Bureau of Land Management

© Joanne Bartkus

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ENVIRONMENTAL�ETIQUETTE

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If you see a sick or injured marine mammal, please do not approach!

Call North Coast Marine Mammal Center (707) 465-6265

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TIDEPOOLING ETIQUETTE

Keep an eye on the water. Never turn your back to the ocean.

Be aware of your surroundings, including water and waves, slippery rocks or algae, and tidepool creatures.

Step carefully. Avoid crushing animals, algae, and plants whenever possible.

Be gentle. Always touch lightly so you don’t disturb intertidal life.

Leave them. Take only pictures and return the animals, algae, plants, rocks, and shells to where you found them.

Remove trash. Pick it up and dispose of it in waste bins.

Avoid wading in tidepools

Give marine mammals space. Remain 50 yards away from them.

©Coastal Monument

© Colleen Proppe

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BE SEABIRD SAFE

  • Stay on trails – view from a distance.
  • If you see seabirds acting nervously (head bobbing, fluttering, or flying away), you are too close - back away.
  • Pack out your trash, recycle plastics.
  • Do not feed seabirds.
  • Never dump oil, fuel, or other foreign substances into the water or drains.
  • To learn more, visit: SeabirdProtectionNetwork.org
  • To report a dead or injured seabird, contact BirdAllyX

707-822-8839 www.birdallyx.net

©Coastal Monument

© Julio Mulero

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REPORT SARGASSUM HORNERI

  • Non-native brown seaweed from China, Korea, and Japan.
  • Arrived in southern CA in ports of LA early 2000s.
  • Recently recorded at Monterey Breakwater in June 2020.
  • Highly invasive – adults fragment easily, and each can produce hundreds of fertile eggs in one receptacle (shown in yellow).
  • Help prevent spread, check vessel props & anchors before transiting!
  • If spotted, record the date and location and report to CDFW’s Invasive Species Program:
    • Call (866) 440-9530
    • Send an email to invasives@wildlife.ca.gov
    • Fill out the form at: wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Invasives/Report

© Ann Bishop

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STRANGE FISH IN WEIRD PLACES

© Stefanie

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CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE WEST COAST

Warming Ocean Temperatures:

  • Much of the northeast Pacific Ocean was warmer than normal from April 19 to July 18, 2020.
  • Effects most dramatic offshore between Hawaii and Alaska.

Atmospheric Pressure Changes:

  • High pressure over Gulf of Alaska, Low pressure in NE Pacific in summer of 2019: causes reduced winds

Why is this a concern?

  • Winds remove heat, mix the surface waters with cooler waters below

Consequence: rapid warming of surface waters in NE Pacific

Marine Heatwaves:

  • New marine heatwave off the West Coast in Sept, 2019
  • Researchers monitoring effects on the marine ecosystem, resembles “The Blob” heatwave of 2014.

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GET INVOLVED

© LiMPETS

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CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS�SONOMA-MENDOCINO COAST DISTRICT

© USFWS

  • Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring and Surveys
  • Mendocino Coast Whale Festivals
  • Marine Mammal Guided Hikes and Presentations
  • MPA Watch Community Science Program
  • Coastal Exotic Plant Removal
  • Docent-led Tidepool Explorations
  • Junior Ranger and Junior Lifeguard Programs
  • PORTS Programs offering live virtual field trips to local MPAs

Volunteer Opportunities & Public Programs

© Song Hunter

To volunteer contact Schall.Ameila@parks.ca.gov

For information on public programs contact Michelle.Levesque@parks.ca.gov

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MENDOCINO COAST JUNIOR LIFEGUARD PROGRAM

  • New lifeguard service (2017) Newer JG program (2021)

  • Spreading aquatic safety message to local community

  • Emphasize teamwork, leadership, aquatic safety and environmental stewardship

  • Look forward to partnering with local organizations and helping local youth connect with MPAs

© Mendocino State Parks

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MENDOCINO LAND TRUST

Working with you to conserve the land, while there is still time….

  • Land Conservation
  • Coastal Trails
  • Public Access
  • Salmon Habitat Restoration
  • Stewardship

© Megan Smithyman

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NOYO CENTER

  • Downtown Science Museum
  • Coastal Interpretive Center
  • Classroom and field education
  • Help the Kelp Project
  • Marine Mammal Response
  • Public events
  • Science Talks
  • Citizen Science
  • Beach Clean-ups
  • Live Coastal Web Cam

Three-pronged approach to development, supporting an innovative research program, creating an integrated education program and building a world-class facility for research, education and tourism.

© S. Semens

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MENDOCINO AREA PARKS ASSOCIATION

“Appreciation, through Education, leads to Preservation”

  • Backyard Junior Ranger
  • Life Guards
  • Weekly Guided Hikes
  • Jughandle State Park Improvements
  • Whale Festival

© BLM

To Inspire and Ensure Stewardship of State Parks in Mendocino County.

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SURFRIDER MENDOCINO

Community of surfers and ocean enthusiasts who enjoy working together to organize beach clean-ups, monitor ocean water quality, and raise awareness about local ecosystem preservation.

  • Water Quality monitoring
  • Youth Engagement
  • Coastal Cleanups
  • Help the Kelp
  • Rise Above Plastic
  • Climate Change

© Robin Agarwal

© Nicole Kohl

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ACORN PARTNERS IN EDUCATION

Facilitate Students Protecting the Coast Youth Stewardship Program

• Encouraged local and federal support for transferring Point Arena-Stornetta Lands to the California Coastal National Monument

• Lead field studies in collaboration with local schools

• Focus on topics from stormwater runoff to climate change to coastal conservation

• Participate in Coastal Cleanup, trail maintenance and community outreach

© Jennifer Kettering

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MENDOCINO COAST AUDUBON SOCIETY

  • Bird monitoring
  • Snowy plover protection
  • Guided walks
  • Field trips

© USFWS

mendocinocoastaudubon.org

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Dive with a Purpose!

Join us today!

Want to get your fins wet, make a difference, enjoy diving with others and collect invaluable long-term data?

These data are used by marine managers, researchers and the public for the sustainable management of our ocean resources

Photo: Andrew Harmer

We train citizen scientists to collect data, on the health of their local reefs

Reef Check helps ensure the long-term sustainability and health of California’s nearshore rocky reefs and kelp forests

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  • One of the world’s most popular nature apps.

  • iNaturalist helps you identify the plants and animals around you.

  • Get connected with a community of over a million scientists and naturalists who can help you learn more about nature!

  • By recording and sharing your observations, you’ll create research quality data for scientists working to better understand and protect nature.

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SNAPSHOT CAL COAST

  • Annual statewide effort to document coastal biodiversity.

  • Get out on the coast and share observation of plants, animals, and seaweeds using iNaturalist app.

  • Your chance to help build an annual snapshot of biodiversity along the California coast.

  • Become a part of community of observers and recorders answering questions about California’s MPAs.

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CCRFP

CCRFP

California Collaborative Fisheries

Research Program

  • A partnership of people and communities interested in fisheries sustainability.

  • With help of volunteer anglers and fishing community, we collect data on economically important nearshore species to inform fisheries management and evaluate marine protected areas (MPAs).

  • If you want to contribute to research and learn more about nearshore fish stocks, become a volunteer angler!

For more information, visit: www.mlml.calstate.edu/ccfrp/

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MPA WATCH

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    • 1-888-334-CALTIP (1-888-334-2258), DOWNLOAD THE APP CALTIPS

Help stop poaching and polluting:

    • (707) 964-4719

Local Harbor Patrol

    • 1-800-OILS-911

Report Oil Spills

    • Noyo Center (whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions and sea turtles): 1 (707) 813-7925

Report Dead Marine Mammals:

    • Bird AllyX (707) 822-8839; info@birdallyx.net

Report Sick or Dead Seabirds:

    • visit www. SeabirdProtectionNetwork.org

Help Protect Seabirds:

    • www.wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Invasives/report

Reporting Invasive Species in California: 

    • 1(800) 367-8222

24 Hour Vessel Assistance (Fees Involved): 

    • 1-877-SOS-WHALE (1-877-767-9425) for distressed whales and dolphins

Statewide Whale Rescue Team

IMPORTANT REPORTING & RESPONSE NUMBERS

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USEFUL MOBILE APPS

iNaturalist

iNaturalist, LLC

Identify plants and animals around you and record your observations

CalTIP

California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW)

Submit anonymous tips to CDFW

Your Coast

California Coastal Commission

Explore beaches, trails and parks along the California coast

Seafood Watch

Monterey Bay Aquarium

Provides recommendations for sustainable seafood and sushi

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THANK YOU

© Sheila Sund