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End of WW1

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Peace!

  • US enters war
    • April 1917
  • Russia surrenders
    • December 1917
  • Germany loses
    • November 1918
  • Treaty of Versailles

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Casualties

  • Military and Civilian
    • 16.5 Million Deaths
    • 20 Million Wounded
    • 35 Million+ Total
  • Military Only
    • 9.7 Million Deaths
    • 21.2 Million Wounded
    • 7.5 Million PoW and MIA

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Treaty of Versailles – in process

  • Woodrow Wilson – Fourteen Points
    • Reduce armies/navies
    • End secret treaties
    • Adjust borders, self-determination
    • League of Nations

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Treaty of Versailles – in process

  • France and Britain
    • Think Wilson is crazy, meddling in European affairs
    • Want national security
    • Strip Germany of war-making power

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Treaty of Versailles - actual

  • Germany forced to accept sole responsibility
  • Germany had to disarm
    • Army must be smaller than 100,000 men
    • Can’t manufacture or import weapons or gas
    • No tanks, submarines, planes, or artillery
  • Germany had to pay reparations
  • Germany loses territory
    • Europe
    • Colonies
  • League of Nations

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Reparations

  • Germany just printed the money in marks
    • Also borrowed a TON of money
  • Caused hyper-inflation
  • German marks become totally worthless
    • Loaf of bread
      • 1918- >1 mark
      • 1922- 160 marks
      • 1923- 200 billion marks

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Legacy of bitterness

  • Germans hated the Treaty of Versailles
  • War guilt clause seen as ridiculous
  • Loss of military and colonies = embarrassing
  • Great Depression seen as fault of US, France, and Britain