USER INTERFACE DESIGN�21IS733

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

Module-4�Windows

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

Topics to be Covered

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WINDOW CHARACTERISTICS

A window is seen to possess the following characteristics:

• A name or title allowing to be identified.
• A size in height and width
• A state, accessible or active, or not accessible.
• A location, relative to the display boundary.
• Presentation, that is, its arrangement in relation to other windows.
• Management capabilities
• Its highlight, that is, the part that is selected.
• The function, task, or application

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WINDOW CHARACTERISTICS

The Attraction of Windows

• Value of window.
• Monitor and manipulate data.
• Single-screen technology.
• Switch between tasks.

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WINDOW CHARACTERISTICS

The Attraction of Windows

Useful in different ways

• Presentation of Different Levels of Information.
• Presentation of Multiple Kinds of Information.
• Sequential Presentation of Levels or Kinds of Information.
• Access to Different Sources of Information.
• Combining Multiple Sources of Information
• Performing More Than One Task
• Reminding, Monitoring and mmultiple Representations of the Same Task.

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WINDOW CHARACTERISTICS

Constraints in Window System Design

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The problems with windowing systems can be attributed to three factors:

• Historical Considerations.
• Hardware Limitations.
• Human Limitations.

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• Frame
• Title Bar
• Title Bar Icon
• Window Sizing Buttons
• What’s This? Button
• Menu Bar
• Status Bar
• Scrolls bars.
• Split box.
• Toolbar.
• Command area.
• Size grip.
• Work area.

COMPONENTS OF A WINDOW

Frame:

A window will have a frame or border, usually rectangular in shape

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Title Bar:

The title bar is the top edge of the window, inside its border and extending its entire width.

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Title Bar Icon:

Located at the left corner of the title bar in a primary window, this button is used in Windows to retrieve a pull-down menu of commands.

Window Sizing Buttons:

Located at the right corner of the title bar

These buttons are used to manipulate the size of a window.

The leftmost button,

The minimize button

The maximize button

The restore button

A close button

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What’s This? Button:

The What’s This?

Button, which appears on secondary windows and dialog boxes,

is used to invoke the What’s This?

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Menu Bar:

A menu bar is used to organize and provide access to actions.

It is located horizontally at the top of the window, just below the title bar.

Status Bar:

can be displayed in a designated screen area or areas.

They may be located at the top of the screen.

Scroll Bars:

When all display information cannot be presented in a window,

the additional information must be found and made visible.

Split Box:

A window can be split into two or more pieces by manipulating a split box located above a vertical scroll bar or to the left of a horizontal scroll bar

Toolbar:

Toolbars, illustrated in Figure 5.3, are permanently displayed panels or arrays of choices or commands that must be accessed quickly. They are sometimes called command bars.

Command Area:

In situations where it is useful for a command to be typed into a screen, a command area can be provided.

Size Grip:

A size grip is a Microsoft Windows special handle included in a window to permit it to be resized.

Work Area:

The work area is the portion of the screen where the user performs tasks

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DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

COMPONENTS OF A WINDOW

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COMPONENTS OF A WINDOW

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DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

COMPONENTS OF A WINDOW

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DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

COMPONENTS OF A WINDOW

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DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

COMPONENTS OF A WINDOW

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DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

COMPONENTS OF A WINDOW

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• The presentation style of a window refers to its spatial relationship to other windows.
• There are two basic styles, commonly called tiled and overlapping.
• Most systems provide two-dimensional tiled windows, adjustable in both height and width.

WINDOW PRESENTATION STYLES

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WINDOW PRESENTATION STYLES

Tiled Windows Advantages:

• The system usually allocates and positions windows for the user.
• Open windows are always visible.
• Every window is always completely visible.

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WINDOW PRESENTATION STYLES

Tiled Windows Advantages:

• They are perceived as less complex than overlapping windows.
• They are easier, according to studies, for novice or inexperienced people to learn and use.
• They yield better user performance for tasks where the data requires little window manipulation to complete the task.

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WINDOW PRESENTATION STYLES

Tiled Windows Disadvantages:

• Only a limited number can be displayed in the screen area available.
• As windows are opened or closed, existing windows change in size. This can be annoying.
• As windows change in size or position, the movement can be disconcerting.
• As the number of displayed windows increases, each window can get very tiny.

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WINDOW PRESENTATION STYLES

Tiled Windows Disadvantages:

• The changes in sizes and locations made by the system are difficult to predict.
• The configuration of windows provided by the system may not meet the user’s needs.
• They permit less user control because the system actively manages the windows.

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WINDOW PRESENTATION STYLES

Overlapping Windows

• Overlapping windows may be placed on top of one another like papers on a desk.
• They possess a three-dimensional quality, appearing to lie on different planes.
• The sizes of some types of windows may also be changed.
• Most systems today normally use this style of window.

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WINDOW PRESENTATION STYLES

Overlapping Windows Advantages:

• Visually, their look is three-dimensional, resembling the desktop that is familiar to the user.
• Greater control allows the user to organize the windows to meet his or her needs.
• Windows can maintain larger sizes.
• Windows can maintain consistent sizes.
• Windows can maintain consistent positions.

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WINDOW PRESENTATION STYLES

Overlapping Windows Disadvantages:

• They are operationally much more complex than tiled windows.
• Information in windows can be obscured behind other windows.
• Windows themselves can be lost behind other windows and be presumed not to exist.
• The overlapping windows represent a three-dimensional space is not always realized by the user.

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WINDOW PRESENTATION STYLES

Cascading Windows

• A special type of overlapping window has the windows automatically arranged in a regular progression.
• Each window is slightly offset from others.

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WINDOW PRESENTATION STYLES

Cascading Windows Advantages:

• No window is ever completely hidden.
• Bringing any window to the front is easier.
• It provides simplicity in visual presentation and cleanness.

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WINDOW PRESENTATION STYLES

Picking a Presentation Style

Use tiled windows for:

• Single-task activities.
• Data that needs to be seen simultaneously.
• Tasks requiring little window manipulation.
• Novice or inexperienced users.

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WINDOW PRESENTATION STYLES

Picking a Presentation Style

Use overlapping windows for:

• Switching between tasks.
• Tasks necessitating a greater amount of window manipulation.
• Expert or experienced users.
• Unpredictable display contents.

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Primary Window

Proper usage:

• Should represent an independent function or application.
• Use to present constantly used window components and controls.

Menu bar items: that are Used frequently, by most, or all, primary or secondary windows.

Controls used by dependent windows:

• Use for presenting information that is continually updated.
• Use for providing context for dependent windows to be created.

Do not: Divide an independent function into two or more primary windows.

TYPES OF WINDOWS

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Secondary Window

Proper usage:

Extended or more complex in nature.

Related to objects in the primary window.

Important guidelines:

— Should typically not appear as an entry on the taskbar.

— A secondary window should not be larger than 263 dialog units x 263 dialog units.

TYPES OF WINDOWS

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Secondary Window

Modal:

• Use when interaction with any other window must not be permitted.
• Use for:

• Presenting information.

• Receiving user input.

• Asking questions. For example, data, information, or directions,

Modeless:

• Use when interaction with other windows must be permitted.
• Use when interaction with other windows must be repeated.

TYPES OF WINDOWS

Cascading and Unfolding

• ■ Cascading: — Purpose:

• To provide advanced options at a lower level in a complex dialog.

— Guidelines:

Provide a command button leading to the next dialog box.

Present the additional dialog box in cascaded form.

Provide no more than two cascades in a given path.

Do not cover previous critical information.

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Unfolding: — Purpose:

• To provide advanced options at the same level in a complex dialog.

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Secondary Window

Cascading and Unfolding

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TYPES OF WINDOWS

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Secondary Window

Cascading and Unfolding

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TYPES OF WINDOWS

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Dialog Boxes

Purpose:

• Use for presenting brief messages.
• Use for requesting specific, transient actions.
• Use for performing actions that: Take a short time to complete. Are not frequently changed.

Command buttons to include:

• OK.
• Cancel.
• Others as necessary.

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TYPES OF WINDOWS

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PROPERTY SHEETS AND PROPERTY INSPECTORS

• Secondary windows provide two other techniques for displaying properties, property sheets and property inspectors.
• Use for presenting the complete set of properties for an object.
• Categorize and group within property pages, as necessary.
• Use tabbed property pages for grouping peer-related property sets.
• The recommended sizes for property sheets are: 252 DLUs wide x 218 DLUs high,227 DLUs wide x 215 DLUs high,212 DLUs wide x 188 DLUs high
• Command buttons to include: OK, Cancel, Apply, Reset.

TYPES OF WINDOWS

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PROPERTY SHEETS AND PROPERTY INSPECTORS

Property Inspectors

• Use for displaying only the most common or frequently accessed object properties.
• Make changes dynamically.

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TYPES OF WINDOWS

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MESSAGE BOXES

• Use for displaying a message about a particular situation or condition.
• Command buttons to include: OK, Cancel, Help, Yes and No, Stop Buttons to correct the action that caused the message box to be displayed.
• Enable the title bar close box only if the message includes a cancel button.
• Designate the most frequent or least destructive option as the default command.

TYPES OF WINDOWS

Use. A message box, as illustrated in Figure 5.17, is a secondary window that displays a message about a particular situation or condition.

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Pop-up Windows

• Use of pop up windows to display:
• Additional information when an abbreviated form of the information is the main presentation.
• Textual labels for graphical controls.
• Context-sensitive Help information

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TYPES OF WINDOWS

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Palette Windows

•Use to present a set of controls.

•Design as resizable.—Alternately, design them as fixed in size.

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TYPES OF WINDOWS

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• Microsoft Windows also provides several window management schemes:
• a single document interface,
• a multiple-document interface,
• workbooks,
• projects.

WINDOW MANAGEMENT

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Single-Document Interface

• Description: A single primary window with a set of secondary windows.
• Proper usage:
• Where object and window have a simple, one-to-one relationship.
• Where the object’s primary presentation or use is as a single unit.
• To support alternate views with a control that allows the view to be changed.
• To support simultaneous views by splitting the window into panes.

WINDOW MANAGEMENT

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Single-Document Interface

• Advantages:
• Most common usage.
• Window manipulation is easier and less confusing.
• Data-centred approach.
• Disadvantage: Information is displayed or edited in separate windows.

WINDOW MANAGEMENT

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Multiple-Document Interface

Description:

• A technique for managing a set of windows where documents are opened into windows.
• Contains: A single primary window, called the parent.
• A set of related document or child windows, each also essentially a primary window.
• Each child window is constrained to appear only within the parent window.
• The child windows share the parent window’s operational elements.
• The parent window’s elements can be dynamically changed to reflect the requirements of the active child window.

WINDOW MANAGEMENT

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Multiple-Document Interface

Proper usage:

• To present multiple occurrences of an object.
• To compare data within two or more windows.
• To present multiple parts of an application.
• Best suited for viewing homogeneous object types.
• To clearly segregate the objects and their windows used in a task.

WINDOW MANAGEMENT

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Multiple-Document Interface

Advantages:

• The child windows share the parent window’s interface components (menus, toolbars, and status bars), making it a very space-efficient interface.
• Useful for managing a set of objects.
• Provides a grouping and focus for a set of activities within the larger environment of the desktop.

WINDOW MANAGEMENT

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Multiple-Document Interface

Disadvantages:

• Reinforces an application as the primary focus.
• Containment for secondary windows within child windows does not exist, obscuring window relationships and possibly creating confusion.
• The relationship between files and their windows is abstract, making an MDI application more challenging for beginning users to learn.
• Confining child windows to the parent window can be inconvenient or inappropriate for some tasks.
• The nested nature of child windows may make it difficult for the user to distinguish a child window in a parent window from a primary window that is a peer with the parent window but is positioned on top.

WINDOW MANAGEMENT

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Workbooks

Description:

• A window or task management technique that consists of a set of views organized like a tabbed notebook.
• It is based upon the metaphor of a book or notebook.
• Views of objects are presented as sections within the workbook’s primary window. child windows do not exist.
• Each section represents a view of data.
• Tabs can be included and used to navigate between sections.

WINDOW MANAGEMENT

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Workbooks

Proper Usage:

• To manage a set of views of an object.
• To optimize quick navigation of multiple views.
• For content where the order of the sections is significant.

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WINDOW MANAGEMENT

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Workbooks

Advantages:

• Provides a grouping and focus for a set of activities within the larger environment of the desktop.
• Conserves screen real estate.
• Provides the greater simplicity of the single-document window interface.
• Provides greater simplicity by eliminating child window management.
• Preserves some management capabilities of the multiple-document interface.

Disadvantage:

• Cannot present simultaneous views.

WINDOW MANAGEMENT

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Projects

Description:

• A technique that consists of a container: a project window holding a set of objects.
• The objects being held within the project window can be opened in primary windows that are peers with the project window.
• Visual containment of the peer windows within the project window is not necessary.
• Each opened peer window must possess its own menu bar and other interface elements.

WINDOW MANAGEMENT

• Each opened peer window can have its own entry on the task bar.
• When a project window is closed, all the peer windows of objects also close.
• When the project window is opened, the peer windows of the contained objects are restored to their former positions.

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Projects

Proper usage:

• To manage a set of objects that do not necessarily need to be contained.
• When child windows are not to be constrained.

Advantages:

• Provides a grouping and focus for a set of activities within the larger environment of the desktop.
• Preserves some management capabilities of the multiple document interface.
• Provides the greatest flexibility in the placement and arrangement of windows.

Disadvantage-Increased complexity due to difficulty in differentiating peer primary windows of the project from windows of other applications.

WINDOW MANAGEMENT

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Projects

Proper usage:

• To manage a set of objects that do not necessarily need to be contained.
• When child windows are not to be constrained.

Advantages:

• Provides a grouping and focus for a set of activities within the larger environment of the desktop.
• Preserves some management capabilities of the multiple document interface.
• Provides the greatest flexibility in the placement and arrangement of windows.

Disadvantage-Increased complexity due to difficulty in differentiating peer primary windows of the project from windows of other applications.

WINDOW MANAGEMENT

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Window Organization

• Organize windows to support user tasks.
• Support the most common tasks in the most efficient sequence of steps.
• Use primary windows to: Begin an interaction and provide a top-level context for dependent windows.

Perform a major interaction.

ORGANIZING WINDOW FUNCTIONS

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• Use secondary windows to: Extend the interaction. Obtain or display supplemental information related to the primary window.
• Use dialog boxes for: Infrequently used or needed information. “Nice-to-know” information.

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Number of Windows

• Minimize the number of windows needed to accomplish an objective.
• Use a single window whenever possible.
• Don’t clutter up a single window with rarely used information when it can be placed on a second, infrequently used, window.

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ORGANIZING WINDOW FUNCTIONS

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Active Window

• A window should be made active with as few steps as possible.
• Visually differentiate the active window from other windows.
• Design easy to use and learn windowing operations.
• Minimize the number of window operations necessary to achieve a desired effect.

WINDOW OPERATIONS

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Opening a Window

• Provide an iconic representation or textual list of available windows.
• When opening a window:

— Position the opening window in the most forward plane of the screen.

— Adapt the window to the size and shape of the monitor.

— Designate it as the active window.

— Set it off against a neutral background.

— Ensure that its title bar is visible.

WINDOW OPERATIONS

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■ When a primary window is opened or restored, position it on top.

— Restore all secondary.

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■ When a dependent secondary window is opened, position it on top of its associated primary window.

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■ When a dependent secondary window is activated, its primary window and related peer windows should also be positioned at the top.

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Sizing Windows

• Provide large-enough windows to:
• Present all relevant and expected information for the task.
• Avoid hiding important information.
• Avoid crowding or visual confusion.
• Minimize the need for scrolling.

WINDOW OPERATIONS

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• If a window is too large, determine: Is all the information needed? Is all the information related?
• Otherwise, make the window as small as possible. Optimum window sizes: For text, about 12 lines. For alphanumeric information, about seven lines.

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Sizing Windows

Advantages of Larger windows:

• They permit displaying of more information.
• They facilitate learning: Data relationships and groupings are more.
• Less window manipulation requirements exist.
• Breadth is preferred to depth (based on menu research).
• More efficient data validation and data correction can be performed.

WINDOW OPERATIONS

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• Disadvantages include:
• Longer pointer movements are required.
• Windows are more crowded.
• More visual scanning is required.
• Other windows more easily obscure parts of the window.
• It is not as easy to hide inappropriate data.

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Window Placement

Considerations:

• In placing a window on the display, consider:
• The use of the window.
• The overall display dimensions.
• The reason for the window’s appearance.

WINDOW OPERATIONS

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Window Placement

General Guidelines:

• Position the window so it is entirely visible.
• If the window is being restored, place the window where it last appeared.
• If the window is new, and a location has not yet been established, place it:

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WINDOW OPERATIONS

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Window Placement

General Guidelines:

• For multiple windows,

🡪 give each additional window its own unique and discernible location.

• In a multiple-monitor configuration

🡪 display the secondary window on the same monitor as its primary window.

• If none of the above location considerations apply, then:

🡪Horizontally center a secondary window within its primary window just below

the title bar, menu bar and any docked toolbars.

WINDOW OPERATIONS

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Window Separation

• Crisply, clearly, and pleasingly demarcate a window from the background of the screen on which it appears.
• Provide a surrounding solid line border for the window.
• Provide a window background.

WINDOW OPERATIONS

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Moving a Window

• Permit the user to change the position of all windows.
• Change the pointer shape .
• Move the entire window as the pointer moves.
• If it is impossible to move the entire window,
• Move the window outline.
• Permit the moving of a window without its being active.

WINDOW OPERATIONS

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Resizing a Window

• Permit the user to change the size of primary windows.
• Change the pointer shape to indicate that the resizing selection is successful.
• Show the changing window as the pointer moves.
• When window size changes and content remains the same:
• Change image size proportionally as window size changes.
• Permit resizing a window without its being active.

WINDOW OPERATIONS

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Other Operations

• Permit primary windows to be maximized, minimized, and restored.

Window Shuffling

• Window shuffling must be easy to accomplish.

Keyboard Control/Mouse less Operation

• Keyboard alternatives should be designated through use of mnemonic codes as much as possible.
• Keyboard designations should be capable of being modified by the user.

WINDOW OPERATIONS

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Closing a Window

• Close a window when:
• The user requests that it be closed.
• The user performs the action required in the window.
• The window has no further relevance.
• If a primary window is closed, also close all of its secondary windows.
• When a window is closed, save its current state, including size and position, for use when the window is opened again.

WINDOW OPERATIONS

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Frames

Description:

• Multiple Web screen panes that permit the displaying of multiple documents on a page.
• These documents can be independently viewed, scrolled, and updated.
• The documents are presented in a tiled format.

Proper usage:

• To allow users to change partial screen content.
• To permit users to compare multiple pieces of information.

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WEB SYSTEMS

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Frames

Guidelines:

• Use only a few frames (three or less) at a given time.
• Choose sizes based upon the type of information to be presented.
• Never force viewers to resize frames to see information.
• Never use more than one scrolling region on a page.

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WEB SYSTEMS

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Frames

Advantages

• They decrease the user’s need to jump back.
• They increase the user’s opportunity to request, view, and compare multiple sources of information.
• They allow content pages to be developed independently of navigation pages.

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WEB SYSTEMS

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Frames

Disadvantages

• They suffer some of the shortcomings of tiled screens:
• Frames-based pages behave differently from regular Web pages.
• Page-printing difficulties and problems can exist.
• Page interaction can be clumsy.
• URLs cannot be e-mailed to other users.
• Frames will not work on older browsers.

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WEB SYSTEMS

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Pop-Up Windows

Be extremely cautious in the use of pop-up windows.

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WEB SYSTEMS

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Several specific tasks are performed using graphical systems:

• To point at an object on the screen.
• To select the object or identify it as the focus of attention.
• To drag an object across the screen.
• To draw something free form on the screen.
• To track or follow a moving object.
• To orient or position an object.
• To enter or manipulate data or information.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICE-BASED CONTROLS

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Trackball

Description:

• A spherical object (ball) that rotates freely in all directions in its socket.

Advantages:

• Direct relationship between hand and pointer movement in terms of direction and speed.
• Does not obscure vision of screen.
• Does not require additional desk space (if mounted on keyboard).

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CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICE-BASED CONTROLS

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Trackball

Disadvantages:

• Requires a degree of eye-hand coordination.
• Requires hand to be removed from keyboard keys.
• Requires different hand movements.
• Requires hand to be removed from keyboard (if not mounted on keyboard).
• Requires additional desk space (if not mounted on keyboard).
• May be difficult to control.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICE-BASED CONTROLS

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Joystick

Description:

• A stick or bat-shaped device anchored at the bottom.

Advantages:

• Direct relationship between hand and pointer movement in terms of direction.
• Does not obscure vision of screen.
• Does not require additional desk space (if mounted on keyboard).

CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICE-BASED CONTROLS

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Joystick

Disadvantages:

• Requires a degree of eye-hand coordination.
• Requires hand to be removed from keyboard keys.
• Requires different hand movements to use.
• Requires hand to be removed from keyboard (if not mounted on keyboard).
• Requires additional desk space (if not mounted on keyboard).
• May be fatiguing to use over extended time.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICE-BASED CONTROLS

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Graphic Tablet

Description:

• Pressure, heat, light, or light-blockage-sensitive horizontal surfaces that lie on the desktop or keyboard.
• May be operated with fingers, light pen, or objects like a stylus or pencil.

Advantages:

• Direct relationship between touch movements and pointer movements in terms of direction, distance, and speed.
• More comfortable horizontal operating plane.
• Does not obscure vision of screen.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICE-BASED CONTROLS

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Graphic Tablet

Disadvantages:

• Requires hand to be removed from keyboard.
• Requires hand to be removed from keyboard keys.
• Requires different hand movements to use.
• Requires additional desk space.
• Finger may be too large for accuracy with small objects.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICE-BASED CONTROLS

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Touch Screen

Description:

• A special surface on the screen sensitive to finger or stylus touch.

Advantages:

• Direct relationship between hand and pointer location in terms of direction, distance, and speed.
• Requires no additional desk space.
• Stands up well in high-use environments.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICE-BASED CONTROLS

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Touch Screen

Disadvantages:

• Finger may be too large for accuracy with small objects.
• Requires moving the hand far from the keyboard to use.
• Very fatiguing to use for extended period of time.
• May soil or damage the screen.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICE-BASED CONTROLS

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Light Pen

• A special surface on a screen sensitive to the touch of a special stylus or pen.

Advantages:

• Direct relationship between hand and pointer movement in terms of direction, distance, and speed.
• Requires minimal additional desk space.

Disadvantages:

• Requires picking it up to use.
• Requires moving the hand far from the keyboard to use.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICE-BASED CONTROLS

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Voice

• Automatic speech recognition by the computer.

Advantages:

• Simple and direct.
• Useful for people who cannot use a keyboard.
• Useful when the user’s hands are occupied.

Disadvantages:

• High error rates due to difficulties in recognizing boundaries between spoken words and blurred word boundaries due to normal speech patterns.
• Slower throughput than with typing.
• Difficult to use in noisy environments.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICE-BASED CONTROLS

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Mouse

• A rectangular or dome-shaped, movable, desktop control containing from one to three buttons used to manipulate objects.

Advantages:

• Direct relationship between hand and pointer movement in terms of direction,distance, and speed.
• Permits a comfortable hand resting position

Disadvantages:

• Requires hand to be removed from keyboard.
• Requires additional desk space.
• May require long movement distances.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICE-BASED CONTROLS

CANARA ENGINEERING COLLEGE BANTWAL - MANGALURU

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Keyboard

• Standard typewriter keyboard and cursor movement keys.

Advantages:

• Familiar, Accurate, and Does not take up additional desk space.
• Very useful for:
• Entering text and alphanumeric data and Inserting in text and alphanumeric data.
• Keyed shortcuts—accelerators.
• Keyboard mnemonics—equivalents.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICE-BASED CONTROLS