Gas Laws
Unit 2 - States of Matter
Lesson 5: Questions
Vocabulary
Define the following vocabulary words:
Review
Temperature: the motion of the particles within a substance.
Volume: the amount of space a substance occupies.
Pressure: the collisions of the particles in a substance.
Pressure
Pressure: the collisions of particles in a substance.
- Kilopascals (Kpa)
- Millimeters of Mercury (mm Hg)
Gas Laws
Three gas laws that describe the relationship between pressure, volume and temperature.
Boyle's Law
Boyle’s law describes the relationship between volume and pressure. The temperature remains constant (not changing).
Boyle’s Law is an indirect relationship (opposites)
Equation: P1V1 = P2V2
P
V
V
P
An increase in volume (space) results in a decrease in pressure (collisions).
A decrease in volume (space) results in an increase in pressure (collisions).
Boyle's Law - a change in pressure results in a indirect change in volume
Relationship: indirect
decreases
Equation: P1V1 = P2V2
Pressure: increases |
Volume: decreases |
Temperature: constant |
Pressure: decreases |
Volume: increases |
Temperature: constant |
Pressure Differential
Boyle's Law Example
Problem: A container of gas has a volume of 5L and a pressure of 100 kPa. The container is taken up to a high altitude, and the pressure drops to 50 kPa. What will be the volume of the gas at that pressure?
Givens:
P1 =
V1 =
P2 =
V2 =
Equation: P1V1 = P2V2
Work:
Answer (w/ Units):
Boyle’s Law Video Tutorial
Charles’ Law
Charles’ law describes the relationship between temperature and volume. The pressure remains constant (not changing).
Charles’ Law is a direct relationship
Equation: V1 = V2
T1 T2
T
An increase in temperature (motion) results in an increase in volume (space).
A decrease in temperature (motion) results in a decrease in volume (space).
T
V
V
Charles' Law
Relationship: direct
together
Equation: V1 = V2
T1 T2
Pressure: constant |
Volume: increases |
Temperature: increases |
Pressure: constant |
Volume: decreases |
Temperature: decreases |
Charles' Law Example
Charles' Law Example
Problem: A container of gas has a volume of 2L and a temperature of 300 K. The container is heated to 1200K. What will be the volume of the gas at that temperature?
Givens:
T1 =
V1 =
T2 =
V2 =
Equation: V1 = V2
T1 T2
Work:
Answer (w/ Units):
Charles’ Law Video Tutorial
Lussac’s Law
Lussac’s law describes the relationship between temperature and pressure. The volume remains constant (not changing).
Lussac’s Law is a direct relationship
Equation: P1 = P2
T1 T2
T
An increase in temperature (motion) results in an increase in pressure (collsions).
A decrease in temperature (motion) results in a decrease in pressure (collisions).
T
P
P
Lussac's Law
Relationship: direct
together
Equation: P1 = P2
T1 T2
Pressure: increases |
Volume: constant |
Temperature: increases |
Pressure: decreases |
Volume: constant |
Temperature: decreases |
Lussac's Law Example
Lussac's Law Example
Problem: A 10L container of gas has a temperature of 500K and a pressure of 100kPa. The container is cooled to 100K. What will be the pressure of the gas at that temperature?
Equation: P1 = P2
T1 T2
Work:
Answer (w/ Units):
Givens:
P1 =
T1 =
P2 =
T2 =
Lussac's Law Video Tutorial