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presented at the 30th ICCRTS��David S. Alberts� Institute for Defense Analyses �Björn Johansson �Linköping University�Magdalena Granåsen �Swedish Defence Research Agency �Ulrik Spak �Swedish Defence University  �

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Command and Control (C2) Basics

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C2 Basics Agenda

  • Command and Control (C2)
  • Agile C2
  • Multi Domain C2
  • C2 Design
  • Discussion

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Need for Agile C2

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  • There are many ways to accomplish the functions associated with Command and Control
  • No one approach to accomplishing the functions associated with command and control fits all missions or situations whether for a single entity or a collection of independent entities (a collective)
  • The most appropriate approach will be a function of the endeavor and the prevailing circumstances
  • Therefore, Entities (and Collectives) will need to be able to appropriately employ more than one approach

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C2 Agility

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This is a most appropriate C2 Approach

for this particular mission and set of circumstances

Step 1: Adopt the Appropriate Approach

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Endeavor Space

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C2 Approach Space*

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C2 Agility

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C2 Approach Space

When circumstances change,

a different C2 Approach may be more appropriate.

Step 2: Adapt C2 Approach as Circumstances Change

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Endeavor Space

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Self

Circumstances

Actions

Most appropriate C2 Approach

Success ?

Entity/Collective Value Metrics

Self Monitoring

(Anticipatory and Compensatory)

Contents of C2 Toolkit

Current

C2 Approach

Model of Endeavor

Effects

Space

Endeavor Space

Transition requirements

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Self

Circumstances

Actions

Most appropriate C2 Approach

Self Monitoring

(Anticipatory and Compensatory)

Contents of C2 Toolkit

Current

C2 Approach

Model of Endeavor

Space

Endeavor Space

Transition requirements

Success ?

Entity/Collective Value Metrics

Effects

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Maintaining an Appropriate C2 Approach as Circumstances Change

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Acceptable

​

Not Acceptable

Actual C2

Approach

Appropriate C2

Approach

time

in anticipation

in response to

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2

3

4

Change in circumstance

Coordinated C2

Approach

De-Conflicted C2

Approach

Edge C2 Approach

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Collaborative C2

Approach

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Dynamics of C2 Agility

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Changes in Circumstances

Endeavor Space

Comparative Agility Map

C2 Approach Space

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C2 Agility

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  • C2 Agility = f (C2 Approach Agility, C2 Maneuver Agility)

Endeavor Space

C2 Approach Agility is the area of the region in the Endeavor Space where an entity can operate successfully by employing a given approach to C2

C2 Maneuver Agility is the ability to recognize the C2 approach appropriate for the circumstances and transition to this approach in a timely manner. It is a function of the set of C2 Approaches available to the entity.

Set of Available

C2 Approaches

C2 Agility

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Maintaining an Appropriate C2 Approach as Circumstances Change

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Acceptable

​

Not Acceptable

Actual C2

Approach

Appropriate C2

Approach

time

in anticipation

in response to

1

2

3

4

Change in circumstance

Coordinated C2

Approach

De-Conflicted C2

Approach

Edge C2 Approach

​

Collaborative C2

Approach

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Traditional v Agile C2

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Traditional C2

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Agile C2

Approach

one way

set of options

Decision Rights

limited delegation of decision rights

as appropriate

Interactions

prescribed interactions

tailored

Information Dissemination

limited

– need to know

access as appropriate

- need to share

System Requirements

point to point support established processes

network support

emergent processes

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C2 Agility Relationships

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Socio- technical Systems Agility

C2

Agility

C2

Approach Agility

Specific C2 Approach Footprints

C2 Systems Performance

Design and Performance Requirements

Stresses & Opportunities

C2

Approach Toolkit

C2

Maneuver Agility

Ability to switch C2 Approaches

Available

C2 approaches