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Traffic Enforcement

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Vocabulary For the Unit

  • Before we begin, we must learn the terms that will be used in this unit.

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  • To begin, we will use the word search to learn the vocabulary.

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  • We will then use the crossword to learn the definitions.

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  • Using that information we will then create flash cards to help us study.

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Reading Assignment

  • Using the handout, work at your table groups to read the first three pages.
  • Highlight the main points of each paragraph.
  • Once completed your table group will present to the class, three things your learned.

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Legal Standards for Detention

  • In your reading it mentioned three different requirements
    • Voluntary Contacts or Consensual Encounters

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    • Detention

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    • Arrest

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Each of these requires a different level of legal justification.

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Legal Standards

  • Consensual Encounters or Voluntary Contacts

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      • These are conducted under consent of the other party,

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      • The party is completely free to refuse to speak and can leave at any time.

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      • These contacts are usually based on nothing more than a “hunch” or gut feeling.

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Legal Standards

  • Detention

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    • These are temporary seizures where the party is not free to leave.

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    • These must be based upon REASONABLE SUSPICION
    • This is based upon the “HUNCH” and “REASONABLE FACTS/OBSERVATIONS”

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    • This is short of an arrest and must only last a reasonable amount of time.

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Legal Standards

  • Arrest

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    • This is a custodial arrest for a crime.
    • It is based upon PROBABLE CAUSE
    • This is the “HUNCH”+”REASONABLE FACTS”+”EVIDENCE”

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    • The legal standard is more likely than not a crime was committed, and based upon facts and evidence, the party more than likely than not committed the crime”
    • Less than Beyond a Reasonable Doubt

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Lets Practice

  • We are going to look at some scenarios to help us understand the concepts in use.

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  • Your squad’s job will to be decide if we have enough for a consensual encounter, detention, or arrest.

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  • You will be required to explain the legal standard you used and defend your answer.

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Scenario 1

  • Patrol officers have been made aware of several incidents of damage to a local coffee shop late at night. The unknown suspect has broken the front window out several times.
  • You are on patrol at 0300hrs, the weather is clear and warm. You observe a male subject standing outside the coffee shop and note that he is looking around the area like he is looking for someone.

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  • WHAT ARE YOU ALLOWED TO DO?

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Scenario 2

  • You have the same information about the coffee shop.
  • You also observe the same suspect at the same time and situation.
  • This time you note that the window to shop has been broken.

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  • WHAT ARE YOU ALLOWED TO DO?

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Scenario 3

  • All information remains the same.
  • Additionally this time you note what appears to be blood on the glass, and you note the suspect is bleeding from his hand.

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  • WHAT ARE YOU ALLOWED TO DO?

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Required Information for a Traffic Stop

  • As we know 911 and Emergency Communications needs to know your location before they can help you.

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  • What information do you believe we should tell them before we stop a vehicle or person?

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Required Information

  • BASIC LEVEL – Who you are (badge or radio ID number)

-Your Location

-What you are doing.

            • PRO LEVEL – L.O.C.A.L.
                  • - LOCATION
                  • - OCCUPANTS/SUBJECT
                  • - COLOR/DESCRIPTION
                  • - AUTO
                  • - LICENSE

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Required Information

  • Another Acronym that may be used to describe a vehicle is CYMBALS
    • Color
    • Year
    • Make
    • Body Style
    • Additional Description
    • License
    • State

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Using the Radio to Report

  • The radio is a primary lifeline for public safety officials.
    • Use it professionally
    • Be brief and direct
    • Think through what you are going to say BEFORE you use the radio
    • Use of 10-CODES (On your Cards)
    • Use of Phonetic Alphabet (Not the Military Phonetic Alphabet)

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Let’s Put it Together

  • Prepare your squad to work together
    • You will need paper or a white board

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    • When you see a license plate, work together to write down how you would relay that information over the radio.
    • Remember the acronyms L.O.C.A.L. and C.Y.M.B.A.L.S.
    • Required to use the law enforcement phonetic alphabet.

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Plate 1

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Plate 2

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Plate 3

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Plate 4

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Plate 5

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Plate 6

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What issues would we need to consider?

  • In your groups –
    • List concerns that may come up before you make a traffic stop.
    • Think “If – Then”
    • What could go wrong?

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Considerations

  • Time of day?
  • Location?
  • Number of occupants?
  • Level of criminal activity?

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Let’s spot the problems.

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Spot the problems.

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Spot the problems.

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Spot the problems.

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Vehicle Position

The law enforcement vehicle should be positioned:

1. Twenty feet from the rear of the suspect vehicle, with a

three foot offset, either to the right or left.

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2. Three feet back from the rear of the suspect vehicle, with a

three foot offset, either to the right or left.

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Vehicle Position

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Approach to vehicle

Your pre-stop actions should be concluded prior to utilizing equipment to stop the vehicle.

This includes: Radio Location of Stop and Vehicle Information

Preparing yourself to make the stop

Mental rehearsal of what you will do/say

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Approach to Vehicle

Once stopped you must be ready to move.

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Chose either a passenger side approach, driver side approach, or call back techniques

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This is dependant on type of stop and location

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Conducting the stop

Does anyone like getting stopped by the police?

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Do you think you may get attitude or negative reactions from the driver?

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What if you could defuse that from the beginning?

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Verbal 8 Step

We use verbal techniques to gain defuse the situation, gain compliance, and increase safety for everyone.

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1. Greeting - Good morning, afternoon, evening.

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2. Identification - I am Officer________ of the HILL Police

Department.

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3.- Reason- I stopped you for _______________.

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Verbal 8 Step

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4. Justification - Do you have any reason for ________?

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5. License - Without reaching for them where do you keep

your license?

6. Documents - Without reaching for them where do you keep

your registration / insurance.

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Verbal 8 Step

7. Decision - This is where you decide citation or warning.

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8. Closing - I am returning your documents. Explain citation or

warning. Tell them to drive safely.

DO NOT SAY “Have a good day”

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Special Problems

What would you consider a high risk stop?

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How do we handle such situations?

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Think in your group and lets discuss.