MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE

VINNYTSIA NATIONAL PIROGOV MEMORIAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

  HUMAN ANATOMY DEPARTMENT

Executant: Ass. Prof. of Human Anatomy, Ph.D.

V.A. Logvinenko

Head of the department: Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences

V.O. Tykholaz

ANATOMO-PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HUMAN BODY STRUCTURE OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

ACTUALITY OF THEME

World experience, summarized by the WHO, shows that the development of primary health care based on family medicine is the most effective way to achieve success in health care.

The family doctor, working for a long time with families belonging to different age groups, not only treats them from the diseases, but also monitors and corrects the normal development of children, the course of chronic diseases of adults, taking into account the influence of various factors, including lifestyle. Therefore, it is extremely important for him to know about the age anatomical and physiological features of the human body, which in turn affect the course of various diseases and their treatment.

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1.

ACTUALITY OF THEME

2.

The organization of games, physical training, work and leisure of children, scheduling and conducting lessons in preschool and school institutions require knowledge of the psycho-functional capabilities of the child's body, which are determined by the age features of its structure and functions. Therefore, the study of these features is very important for the proper organization of the educational process.

3.

The key to the normal development of the child, as well as the prevention of any pathology is a separate branch of medicine - pediatrics. A pediatrician is a specialist who monitors and treats a child from the first day until 18 years old of his life. At each age, the child's body has its own anatomical and physiological characteristics and states of character, the doctor treats the child considering its individual and age characteristics.

ACTUALITY OF THEME

4.

Population aging is one of the global problems of the modern world.

Gerontology is the science of old age and aging.

Old age is a natural final period of individual development. Aging is a destructive process that represents gradual irreversible changes in the structures and functions of the body in the process of life.

Geriatrics is a separate branch of gerontology that deals with the study, prevention and treatment of diseases of old age in order to maintain physical and mental health until old age.

For the prevention and treatment of diseases it is necessary to study the anatomical and physiological features of the elderly.

PURPOSE OF DISCIPLINE

The study of anatomical and physiological features of the human body structure, its organs and systems in different periods of life - from newborn to old age, taking into account the influence of various factors, including lifestyle.

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AGE PERIODS OF ADULT

1. Adolescence - from 16 to 20 years for women

from 17 to 21 years for men

2. Mature age (first period) -

from 20 to 35 years for women

from 21 to 35 years for men

3. Mature age (second period) -

from 35 to 55 years for women

from 35 to 60 years for men

4. Old age - from 55-60 to 75 years for women and men

5. Elderly age - from 75 to 90 years

6. Long-lived - people older than 90 years

according to the WHO classification

PHYSIOLOGICAL PERIODIZATION OF DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH

approved at the International Symposium on Age Physiology in 1965

1. The period of the newborn (from the 1st to the 10th day after birth)

2. Breast age (from the 11th day to the year)

3. Early childhood (from 1 year to 3 years);

4. The first period of childhood (from 3 to 8 years);

5. The second period of childhood (for boys from 8 to 12 years,

for girls - from 8 to 11 years);

6. Adolescence

( for boys from 13 to 16 years,

for girls - from 12 to 15 years);

7. Youth

(for young men from 17 to 21 years,

for girls - from 16 to 20 years).

CRITERIA OF AGE PERIODIZATION

OF CHILDHOOD

1. The size of the body and organs

2. Body weight

3. Time of skeleton ossification

4. Teething

5. Development of internal secretion glands

6. The degree of puberty

7. Muscle strength

TASKS OF THE DISCIPLINE

1. To study the anatomical and physiological

body features of newborns and infants

2. To study anatomical and physiological body

features of children in different periods of

childhood

3. To study anatomical and physiological body

features of adolescents

4. To study anatomical and physiological body

features of a mature person depending on living

and working conditions

5. To study anatomical and physiological body

features of the elderly depending on the

conditions of life

FORMS OF LEARNING

1. Practical classes - a form of study in which the teacher organizes a detailed review of certain theoretical position of the discipline and forms the skills and abilities of their practical application by individual performance of relevant tasks by students.

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• Consultations - the obtaining of theoretical knowledge and development practical skills and abilities through the teacher 's answers to specific questions or explanations of individual theoretical position or aspects of their practical application.

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• Distance learning - learning in territorial disunity teacher and student, while all or most training procedures are carried out using modern information and telecommunication technologies.

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• Test control is used to determine the level professional training of the student and certifies the fact that he has theoretical knowledge, skills and abilities.

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TEACHING METHODS

I. Verbal teaching methods

1. Explanation of new material, as well as explanation of unclear issues in the process of knowledge consolidating.
2. Conversation - encourages students to reproduce the acquired knowledge, formation of independent conclusions and generalizations on the basis of assimilated material.
3. Educational discussion - public discussion of important things and questions that involves an exchange of ideas between students or teachers and students.

ІІ. Visual teaching methods

1. Illustration - demonstration of illustrated manuals, posters, schemes, drawings on the board, paintings, photographs, models, etc.
2. Demonstration - display of visual materials, natural preparations.
3. Independent observation - direct independent perception of the phenomena of reality in the learning process.

III. Practical teaching methods

Practical methods are aimed at the developing the skills needed to concretize knowledge, the ability to observe and explain the essence of phenomena.

EFFECTIVENESS OF DISCIPLINE STUDY

1. Knowing the age anatomical and physiological characteristics,

the doctor will be able to assess the health of the child

correctly, give some advice to parents regarding his normal

development and disease prevention, and in the presence of

disease diagnose and ensure adequate treatment correctly.

2. Medical staff of preschool and school institutions will be able

to take part in the planning and organization of training

process based on features of structure and functions of

organism in different periods of childhood.

3. Knowing the structural and functional changes of the body

in the process of aging, doctors can give some advice to

patients regarding the organization of life and work for the

active longevity and prevention of premature aging.