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Derivation of the Word “Eutrophication”

Eutrophication

“Eu”

means “well”

“trope” means

“nourishment”

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What is Eutrophication

From that sense “Eutrophication” refers to the over nutrition of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Carbon in the water bodies.

From another sense, eutrophication is the ultimate consequence of bacterial decomposition of the green lives and further scarcity of oxygen and suffocation as well.

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Types of Eutrophication

There are two types of eutrophication:

Natural Eutrophication

Cultural Eutrophication

Natural Eutrophication

Eutrophication

Cultural Eutrophication

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Natural Eutrophication

Eutrophication that is caused by the normal process of the nature not interfered by human activities is termed as natural eutrophication.

This sort of eutrophication takes many years to affect the water bodies in a full force.

Water bodies not near the industrial or human habitat places are affected by such sort of eutrophication.

Figure: Natural Eutrophication

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Cultural Eutrophication

It’s a sort of eutrophication that is caused by human activities.

It’s a rapid process as it takes only decades to eutrify and ultimately pollutes the water. So it is much more alarming than the natural eutrophication.

It’s a process that speeds up the natural eutrophication process.

Figure: Cultural Eutrophication

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Sources of Eutrophication

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Sources of Eutrophication

Sources of Eutrophicati on

Point

sources

Industrial

sources

Power plants

Sewage Treatment Plants

Non-Point Sources

Urban sources

Agricultural sources

Chemical Fertilizers

Manure

Aquaculture

Fossil fuel sources

Forestry Land

sources

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Sources of Eutrophication (Continued)

Point Sources:

Point sources are directly attributable to one influence. In point sources the nutrient waste travels directly from source to water. Point sources are relatively easy to regulate.

Types	Description
Industrial Sources	Wastes from industries as emitted through pipes and proper drainage points, it is the prominent point source.
Power Plants	Power plants have specific emitting points through which wastes are emitted
Sewage Treatment Plants	Treatment process releases oxides of Nitrogen and Phosphates in effluents, which drain into water bodies

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Sources of Eutrophication (Continued)

Non-point Sources:

Nonpoint source pollution (also known as 'diffuse' or 'runoff' pollution) is that which comes from ill-defined and diffuse sources.

Nonpoint sources are difficult to regulate and usually vary spatially and temporally (with season, precipitation, and other irregular events).

	Types	Description
	Urban Sources	Habitants of urban areas when emit their wastes haphazardly, it becomes a non-point source.
	Agricultural Sources	Agricultural wastes like peats, cow-dung, vegetable wastes are of this type.
	Fossil Fuel Sources	If emissions of fossil fuels have no specific point source it is non-point source.
	Forestry Land Sources	Forestry land sources are also non-point sources of eutrophication.
	Forestry Land Sources

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Causes of Eutrophication

Natural run-off of nutrients from the soil and the weathering of rocks.

Run-off of inorganic fertilizer

Run-off of manure from farms

Run-off from

erosion

Discharge of detergents (containing phosphates).

Discharge of partially treated or untreated sewage

Causes of Eutrophication

Normally the sources of eutrophication are indirectly responsible for eutrophication. But the responsible causes are here in this picture:

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Steps of Eutrophication Process

1. Fertilizer flows into water

causing…

Increased plant growth on the surface of

water, causing…..

Decreased light in lower levels of water,

causing…

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Steps of Eutrophication Process (Cont’d)

Plants in lower levels of water to die, causing….

Decay using up O₂and increasing

CO_2,causing…...

6. Death of fish and other animals.

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Eutrophication Process in 5 Stages

NUTRIENTS LOAD UP

PLANTS FLOURISH

ALGAE BLOOMS, OXYGEN DEPLETED

DECOMPOSITION FURTHUR DEPLETES OXYGEN

DEATH OF THE ECOSYSTEM

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Impacts of Eutrophication

Positive

Impacts

Impacts of

Eutrophication

Negative

Impacts

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Negative Impacts of Eutrophication

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Negative Impacts of Eutrophication (Cont’d)

Ecological Impacts:

Increased biomass of phytoplankton resulting in algal blooms

Toxic or inedible phytoplankton species

Increased blooms of gelatinous zooplankton

New species invasion & Decreases in water transparency Dissolved oxygen depletion or hypoxia resulting in death of benthic animals Increased biomass of macroalgae

Human Health Impacts:

Harmful algal blooms which produce algal toxins found in marine ecosystem cause harm to human beings as well as animals

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Negative Impacts of Eutrophication (Cont’d)

Socio-economic Impacts:

Impact	Description
Impact on recreation and tourism	Decreases the fitness for use of the water for water sports (swimming, boating and fishing);
Aesthetic impacts	Algal blooms are unsightly and can have unpleasant smells.
Economical impacts	Infected waters increases the costs of water treatment; Threat for fishing industries;

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Negative Impacts of Eutrophication(Cont’d)

Other Impacts:

Increased vegetation may impede water flow and the

movement of boats

Decrease in the amenity value of the water;

The water may become unsuitable for drinking even

after treatment

Increase in rate of sedimentation

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Positive Impacts of Eutrophication

The positive impacts of eutrophication are:

Improves biodiversity. Boosts ecotourism. Source of fish’s food.

Aids in waste removal.

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World’s Scenario of Eutrophication

The Potomac River, the fourth largest river along the Atlantic coast and the 21st largest in the United States

Lake Erie, the fourth largest lake of the five Great Lakes in North America

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World’s Scenario of Eutrophication (Cont’d)

Lake Iamonia, located at northern Leon County, Florida, USA.

Lake Biwa ,the largest freshwater lake in Japan

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Lake Tai or Lake Taihu, a large freshwater lake in the Yangtze Delta plain near Shanghai, China

World’s Scenario of Eutrophication (Cont’d)

Lake Naivasha, located in Kenya

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World’s Scenario of Eutrophication (Cont’d)

Dianchi Lake or Lake Dian and Kunming Lake, is a large lake located at southern China

Lake Winnipeg, a large

in central North America

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Bangladesh’s Scenario of Eutrophication

Gulshan Lake, located at Dhaka City

A village pond, located at Manikganj

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Bangladesh’s Scenario of Eutrophication

An Eutrophic river at Bandarban

An Eutrophic river at Munshiganj

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How to Control Eutrophication?

Shellfish in

estuaries

Minimizing nonpoint pollution

Riparian buffer zones
Nitrogen testing and modeling
Organic farming
Reducing the Importing Nutrients
Endogenous Nutrients Control
Reducing soil erosion
Implementing Law

Eutrophication

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⮚Teilbal Nallah catchment. Agriculture always plays an important role in nutrient flows-construction of green buffer

⮚Realignment of house boat for better waste management

⮚Pr ene ineff

⮚Co

⮚Re extra

⮚In

⮚Bio ende

⮚red lem

oper water treatment with efficient treatment plant. As there is alrea rgy crisis in Kashmir previous FAB based technology was proved to ective. Root Zone Base water treatment would be effective nnecting all sewage pipe at periphery to one main sewage line

storation of a natural outflow channel (“NallaMar”) that will suck and pollutants from Dal Lake

stallation Boat Sewage Treatment System or Sewage holding tank diversity conservation whereby achieving self sustaining native and mic fish population through targeted restocking and enhancing dive uce the prolific growth of endemic and exotic aquatic plants specie

na, Salvinia and Azolla.

dy be

drain

rsity s like

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Idol Immersion & Eutrophication on

Local Ponds

•Both ponds above are used for same human

pu^•r^Hpⁱo^gs^he^tus^rbeⁱg^di.^tyBathing , washing c^•Llo^et^sh^ss^tua^rn^bid^dityutensils.

•O_•n_He_igp_ho_an_md_ouis_nts_ou_fbject to 200(appr_•o_Lx_es)_sid_ao_ml _oim_unm_{t o}e_fr_as_li_go_an_es ev_ge_rr_ey_ey_ne_aa_lgr_a. _e

•Obnoxious smell •No such smell

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I)Several parts of idols consist of

•Cloths

jute (hair)
certain dyes.

•Interior framework made of straw These act as extra nutrient source

II) Idol immersion process include dumping of

•flowers,

•leaves,

different parts of banana plant that are used in worshiping. These wastes

build suitable condition for algal growth.

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Controlling sources of nutrients:

Use of green fertizer (ex: bio char)

Bio filter: native plant buffer

Reducing nitrogen content by nitrogen fixing bacteria

Manage leaf litter

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Controlling the use of chemical detergent (introduce soap nuts)

Trying to promote sustainable and financially profitable

sanitation services

Restricting boat traffic in lakes

Introducing meandering in rivers

Controlling cattle grazing

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❑ Sediment dredging

Biomanipulation

Multilayered local soil

❑ Phoslock

❑ Other methods are addition of calcium

nitrate, buffered alum, dyes and barley straw

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Piscivorous Fish

pllanktivorus Fish

zooplanktons

algea

nutriients

recycle

benthiivoros fish

On the left side there is a typica l food cha in of lake. I n a eutroph ic lake the a lgae popu lation rema ins high. Thus by increasing Zooplankton predating on algae will reduce algae popu lation.

On other way to rna ke zoopia nkton popu lation h igh pia nkitivorus fish popu lation to be checked by increasing Piscivorous f ish predating on planktivorus fish.

I n India it can be well practised because on f ishing point of view it gives advantage.

Cost Effective and ecofriend ly process

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Modified local soil

1ulti-functional principle of ntodified lo at

oil I te hnolo

\ • r IIi n

1 feu Ilion

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