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RESOURCES IN GREECE:

MINERALS:

Nickel and bauxite, two minerals of which Greece is the leading producer in the European Union.
Petroleum products alone account for over 38.8% of the country’s total export goods.
Aluminum and associated products account for over 4.3% of all annual exports from the country.
Paper, marble, salt, lignite, iron.

ARABLE LAND:

Include grapes, olives, tobacco, and several types of grain including corn, wheat, and barley.
Cotton, with the country being the sole producer of this agricultural item in the European Union.
However, the agricultural output of the country is hindered by natural hurdles such as unproductive soils and low rainfall, as well as artificial hindrances.

NATURAL TOURIST ATTRACTION:

Snowy peaks of Mount Verno
Beaches in Crete, Zante, Corfu, and Rhodes.
Melissani Lake Cave.
Volcanic rocks of Falakro.
Petrino Dasos (forest).
Blue Caves of Zakynthos.
Giola Natural Pool.
Polylimnio Waterfalls.

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RESOURCES GREECE IMPORTS:

Greece imports a variety of products which are mainly used for the industries in the country.
The leading import product is crude oil making up about 21.9% of the total imports at 13.8 Billion followed by:

refined oil which accounts for 4.24 Billion
packaged medicaments at 2.88 Billion
passenger and cargo ships at 2.53 Billion
petroleum gas at 1.19 Billion

Greece acquires its imports from Germany, worth 6.24 Billion, making it the largest import origin.
Russia is the second import origin at 5.66 Billion.
Other import origins include Italy at 4.76 Billion, Iraq at 4.75 Billion and China at 3.39 Billion.
Being an industrial country, Greece processes its imports into finished products with some being exported, while others are used by the population. Some have criticized Greece for importing products it already produces, such as foodstuffs.

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Energy of Greece

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Resources used to produce energy/ electricity in general

fossil fuels (coal, natural gas and petroleum),
nuclear energy,
renewable energy sources.
Most electricity is generated with steam turbines using foil fuels, nuclear, biomass, geothermal, and solar thermal energy.
Coal, gas and oil Fossil fuel. Power plants burn coal or oil to create heat, which in turn is used to generate steam to drive turbines which generate electricity.

HYDROELECTRIC POWER

Water from the reservoirs flow though turbines to generate electricity.

Hydroelectric dams can generate large amounts of low-carbon electricity.

Hydroelectric power can also be produced by run-of-river plants but most of the rivers that are suitable for this have already been developed.

NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

Use the heat produced from splitting atoms to generate steam to drive a turbine.

No greenhouse gases are produced in the fission process, and only very small amount are produced across the whole nuclear life- cycle.

Nuclear power is an environmentally-friendly form of electricity generation, and does not contribute to air pollution.

RENEWABLE

Wind, solar and small-scale hydro.

Electricity generation from wind turbines varies with wind speed, and if the wind is too weak or too strong, no electricity is produced at all.
The outer part of the solar panel is reliant on the strength of sunshine.

A BIOMASS PLANT:

Operates in a very similar way to gas- and coal-fired power plants. Instead of burning gas or coal, the plant is fueled by different forms of biomass (such as purpose-grown tree, wood chips, domestic waste, or 'biogas').

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Resources used to run machinery at plants/ factories

PLANTS INCLUDE

Machinery, equipment, appliances, containers, implements and tools complements or anything fitted or connected to those things.

Assets that can often be classed as 'plant and machinery' are equipment like computers, office furniture, tools, machinery, etc. Items that you use to keep your business running. This could also include: The costs associated with demolishing plant and machinery equipment.

RAW MATERIALS

Steel, oil, corn, grain, gasoline, lumber, forest resources, plastic natural gas, coal and minerals.

Raw materials can be direct raw materials, which are directly used in the manufacturing process, such as wood for a chair.

Indirect raw materials are not part of the final product; instead, they are used comprehensively in the production process.

The value of direct raw materials inventory appears as a current asset on the balance sheet.

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Resources used to provide central heating and hot running water

Electricity and natural gas are the most-used energy sources in homes. Natural gas, propane, oil, wood, electricity, heat pumps, ground source heat pumps and solar energy.

Fossil fuels (natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, oil), or solid fuels are commonly used for heating water. These may be consumed directly or may produce electricity that, in turn, heats water. Electricity to heat water may also come from any other electrical source, such as nuclear power or renewable energy.

- WHAT RENEWABLE RESOURCES USE HOT WATER?

- Geothermal energy is heat energy from the earth- Geo (earth)+Thermal (heat). Geothermal resources are reservoirs of hot water that exist or are human made at varying temperatures and depths below the Earth's surface.

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How harmful to the environment the sources of energy are.

INCLUDE:

Air pollution, climate change, water pollution and solid waste disposal.

One problem is oil gases.

Coal mining can also pollute water.

Changes in groundwater flow produced by mining operations often bring otherwise unpolluted waters into contact with minerals, materials which are leached from the soil and produce an acid mine drainage.

Solid waste is also a by-product of some forms of energy usage.

Coal mining requires the removal of large quantities of earth as well as coal.

WHAT ENERGY SOURCE IS MOST HARMFUL TO THE ENVIRONMENT?

Fossil fuels

Are both the dirtiest and most dangerous in the short term and emit the most greenhouse gases per unit of energy.

Non-renewable energy comes from sources that will run out or will not be replenished in our lifetime, or even in many, many lifetimes. Most non-renewable energy sources are fuels: coal, petroleum and natural gas.

Nuclear is a zero-emission clean energy source. It generates power through fission, which is the process of splitting uranium atoms to produce energy. The heat released by fission is used to create steam that spins a turbine to generate electricity without the harmful byproducts emitted by fossil fuels.

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ENERGY AND TRANSPORTATION

BY JANE ORFANIDOU

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GAS IN TRANSPORTATION MEANS :�

30% of energy consumption in European Union ends up on transportation means, either public or private. This percent has a tendency in getting higher by the years. 98 % of it refers to petroleum products.

Either for people or products transport we sort them out by
LAND
OVERSEAS
AIR

B AND C ) mostly use similar types of refined liquid gasses.

A ) uses different supplies that differ in small details depending on the vehicle.

Also, an evolution is attempted to be made as regards the use of additional and alternative energy supplies.

One of those alternative supplies is electric energy, which is used in modern trains, tram, trolleys, and also expanding on the field of electric and hybrid cars and buses. Another one is biodiesel and biogases, which go along in regular gasses.

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TECHNOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINES

There are two basic engine technologies depending on the type of vehicle.

- Benzene engines (Otto) : lighter devices, work with less pressure, percent of performance 30%.

- Diesel engines : heavier devices, use petroleum, work with more pressure, performance percent 45%.

However, performance percent varies in different vehicles.

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��

This part provides information about:

The types of alternative sources of energy (used/developed),
The part % of energy produced using alternative sources,
The difference the use of alternative sources makes ��

Altrernative/green sources of energy

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Types of alternative sources being used or developed

In Greece, all the widely known alternative sources are currently under development or partially in use. The increase in renewables is partial, because of a changing regulatory environment. In August 2016, a new renewable energy law was approved that aims to further stimulate renewable energy investments by introducing feed-in premiums, competitive tenders, and virtual net metering. As a result, in our country all green sources of energy exist:

Wind
Solar
Hydropower
Geothermal
Biodiesel and biofuel (biomass)

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Wind power:�Wind power was due to expand by 352% by 2010 to meet the European target of 20% coverage of energy needs from renewable sources.� Hydroelectric power:�The total installed capacity of the Hydroelectric Power Plants amounts to 3,217.4 MW. The average annual hydroelectric generation is around 4,020 Gwh. In particular, for 2020 the Hydroelectric Generation amounted to 5,282 Gwh.

Solar power:�Development of solar power in Greece started in 2006 and installations of photovoltaic systems skyrocketed because of the feed-in tariffs introduced and the corresponding regulations for domestic applications of rooftop solar PV. However, funding it created a deficit of more than €500 million fund. To reduce that deficit, new regulations were introduced in 2012 including retrospective feed-in tariffs reduction, with further reductions over time. By April 2015, the photovoltaic capacity in Greece had reached 2,442.6. PV covers 7% of the country's electricity demand in 2019.

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Geothermal energy�Due to Greece's geographical positioning, there are advantages when it comes to harnessing geothermal energy at high (90’C) or low temperatures(25-90). High temperature geothermal energy can be located 1-2 kilometers beneath Santorini, Nisyros, and the Aegean Islands of Milos, while low temperature geothermal energy can be located in regions such as Loutra-Samothrakis, Serres, Khalkidhiki, Alexandroupolis, Lesvos, Chios, and Thermopyles.

Biomass�The amount of biomass that Greece annually produces is estimated to be 2,132,286 tones. Biodiesel is created through such raw materials and around 60% of biodiesel made in Greece originates from oilseeds, 27% comes from used animal fat, frying oils, and vegetable oils, while the last 13% is cotton seeds.

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What part of energy is produced by alternative sources?

Greece has chosen to invest primarily in wind power by 77%, while the rest of renewable sources altogether comprise the remaining 23% of the production, with hydroelectric power being second with 11%. In 2021, 29% of the country’s electricity came from renewable sources. By 2022, Greece occasionally reached 100% renewables for a few hours. Geothermal energy accounts for only 0.5% of the country’s renewable energy, while its consumption of biofuels is less than 2%, but that percentage is said to be increasing because of the large markets and growth potential of biomass and biofuels. The total installed capacity of the Hydroelectric Power Plants amounts to 3,217.4 MW. The average annual hydroelectric generation is around 4,020 Gwh whilst PV covers 7% of the country's electricity. �

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Renewable Energy Sources Will Not Run Out
Generating renewable energy produces no greenhouse gas emissions and it reduces some types of air pollution.
Diversifying energy supply and reducing dependence on imported fuels.
Creating economic development and jobs in manufacturing, installation, and more.
Renewable Energy Can Increase Public Health (healthier air and soil).
Leftovers Can Be Used in Renewable Technologies (used organic products can be used as fuel)

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What difference does using alternative sources of energy make?

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��CONCLUSION��What can a government do to prevent massive energy consumption?��

Purchase and installation of solar panels and wind turbines.
Reduction of the energy demands to the minimum.
Improvement of the building envelope including materials, natural ventilation and daylight

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