Polymer Optics

Newton : light is the streams of very small particles

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Brief history

Newton’s Rings (interference of wave)

-> “Fits of easy reflection and easy transmission” a kind of periodic motion due to the attractive and repulsive forces imposed by material obstacles

Constructive interference

Destructive interference

Newton <-> Huygens (considered light as a wave)

Huygens’ double slit experiment

This pattern is similar to the patterns of water and sound waves.

Young’s double slit experiment

Fresnel: light is a transverse wave

Polarized light

Maxwell: Electromagnetic wave

with the special theory of relativity (Albert Einstein)

->interaction of light with matter

Max Planck: Black body radiation (light=discrete energy chunks, not in a continuous manner=quantum mechanics)

Einstein’s photoelectric effect

Energy(wave) or momentum(particle)?

Energy=scalar

Bohr: quantum of radiation->light is a good tool for quantum computer

de Broglie: light = wave-particle duality

wave

particle

Light behaves like waves in its propagation and in the phenomena of interference and diffraction; however, it exhibits particle-like behavior when exchanging energy with matter, as in the photoelectric effects

Schrodinger equation: wave+particle

Ultraviolet (UV)

10nm-380nm wavelength

X-rays

10^-4nm-10nm wavelength

Gamma Rays

10^-14nm-0.1nm wavelength

Infrared Radiation=heat radiation

770nm-1mm wavelength

Thermal image camera

Microwaves

1mm-30cm wavelength

Water absorption peak

Radio waves

188-556m (AM), 2.78-3.41m (FM)

Radiometry

Solid anlge: sr(steradian)

Ex) spherical surface surrounding the point: sr=4π

Radiant intensity

Irradiance (W/m²)

Radiant intensity (W/sr)

Radiance (W/sr/m²)

Lambert’s cosine law

Lamvertian surface

Irradiance by wavelength

Solar irradiance (W/m²) = ∫spectral irradiance dλ