Cursul #8
Componente hardware. Pornirea sistemului
1
Software gets slower faster than hardware gets faster
Wirth’s Law
2
Suport de curs
3
Hardware-la ce e bun?
4
Rolurile se aplică peste tot: PC, Tabletă, Smartphone
Cunoașterea componentelor
5
Clasificări hardware
Arhitectura Von Neumann
6
Clasificări hardware
Arhitecturi de procesor
7
Clasificări hardware
Arhitectura ARM
8
Arhitectura x86
Sisteme încorporate
9
Componentele unui PC
10
Componentele unui PC
11
Placa de bază
12
Procesor (CPU)
13
Memoria
14
Ierarhia memoriei
15
Discuri
16
Virtualizare în hardware
17
Interacțiunea hardware - software
18
Vizualizare componente - Linux
19
[root@monitor ~]# lshw -short
H/W path Device Class Description
=========================================================
system eserver xSeries 336-[883715Y]-
/0 bus Motherboard
/0/0 memory 60KiB BIOS
/0/4 memory 16KiB L1 cache
/0/5 memory 2MiB L2 cache
/0/8 processor Xeon
/0/9 processor CPU [empty]
/0/20 memory 6GiB System Memory
/0/20/0 memory 1GiB DIMM DDR
Synchronous
/1 eth1 network Ethernet interface
Vizualizare componente - Linux
20
[root@monitor ~]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 2
On-line CPU(s) list: 0,1
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 1
Socket(s): 1
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 15
Model: 4
Stepping: 3
CPU MHz: 3000.000
BogoMIPS: 6000.14
L1d cache: 16K
L2 cache: 2048K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0,1
Vizualizare drivere - Linux
21
[root@monitor ~]# lsmod
Module Size Used by
nfs 431188 0
fscache 55636 1 nfs
nfsd 311382 13
lockd 73694 2 nfs,nfsd
nfs_acl 2647 2 nfs,nfsd
auth_rpcgss 46084 2 nfs,nfsd
sunrpc 266331 18 nfs,nfsd,lockd,nfs_acl,auth_rpcgss
exportfs 4236 1 nfsd
Pornirea sistemului
22
Pornirea sistemului
23
Firmware de boot
24
BIOS și UEFI
25
Dispozitive bootabile
26
Schema de partiționare
MBR
27
GPT
Bootloader
28
GRUB
29
Kernel
30
student@uso:~$ file /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic
/boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic: Linux kernel x86 boot executable bzImage, version 4.15.0-29-generic(buildd@lgw01-amd64-057) #31-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jul 17 15:39:52 UTC 2018, RO-rootFS, swap_dev 0x7, Normal VGA
Kernel
31
student@uso:~$ uname -a
Linux uso 4.15.0-34-generic #37-Ubuntu SMP Mon Aug 27 15:21:48 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
student@uso:~$ dmesg
[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.15.0-34-generic (buildd@lgw01-amd64-047) (
gcc version 7.3.0 (Ubuntu 7.3.0-16ubuntu3)) #37-Ubuntu SMP Mon Aug 27
15:21:48 UTC 2018 (Ubuntu 4.15.0-34.37-generic 4.15.18)
[ 0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-34-generic
root=UUID=a14d0991-a3d8-48d6-ac8c-327d1a524501 ro quiet splash
[ 0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus:
[ 0.000000] Intel GenuineIntel
[ 0.000000] AMD AuthenticAMD
[...]
Drivere
32
student@uso:~$ file/lib/modules/4.15.029generic/kernel/drivers/net/
ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000.ko
/lib/modules/4.15.0generic/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/
e1000.ko: ELF 64-bit LSB relocatable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), BuildID[sha1]=c2bcba22a6d98cf9d4c3735248bc48674ead034b, not stripped
Pornire procese
33
Pornire terminale virtuale și shell
34
Federico Faggin
35
Computer Systems: �A Programmer’s Perspective
36
Intel
37
PandaBoard
38
Cuvinte cheie
39