Nanotechnology - Basics

Presentation Layout

1-Introduction

1.1- What is Nanotechnology?

1.1.1- Why nanoscale?

1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?

1.1.3- Nanomaterials’ characteristics

1.2- When Nanotechnology started

1.3- Approaches of Nanotechnology

1.3.1- Bottom-up or top-down?

2- Applications of Nanotechnology

1.1- What is Nanotechnology?

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• The design, characterization, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape of materials at the nanometer scale (atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scale) ,
• To produce materials with at least one novel/superior characteristic or property.

Why Nanoscale?

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• A nanometer (nm) is one thousand millionth of a meter. People are interested in the nanoscale because at this scale physical and chemical properties of materials differ significantly from those at a larger scale.

Why Nanoscale?

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1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?

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• Is defined as any material that has unique or novel properties, due to the nanoscale ( nano metre- scale) structuring.
• These are formed by incorporation or structuring of nanoparticles.
• They are subdivided into nanocrystals, nanopowders, and nanotubes: A sequence of nanoscale of C60 atoms arranged in a long thin cylindrical structure.

1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?

carbon nanotubes

1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?

Noble metal nanocrystals with cyclic penta-twinned structures

1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?

Naonpowder

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• 1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?

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• Nanotubes are extremely strong mechanically and very pure conductors of electric current.
• Applications of the nanotube include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes

 and transistors. ),.

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1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?

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• Nanomaterials are interesting because at the small scale, materials have fundamentally different properties than at the bulk due to increased surface area to volume ratios.

1.1.2- What is nanomaterial?

Increased interaction and reactvity is one

of the by products of materials that are nanoscale, which means potentially using less of the material or that even on the nanoscale the properties are so utterly different from that of the bulk scale.

• 1.1.2- Nanomaterials’ Characteristics

Most of them are novel, why?

One definition of novel materials is:

(new forms of existing materials with characteristics that differ significantly from familiar or naturally-occurring forms.)

Nanomaterials can have one, two or three dimensions in the nanoscale:

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• 1.1.2- Nanomaterials’ Characteristics

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1.2- When Nanotechnology started

In some senses, nanoscience and nanotechnologies are not new.

Chemists have been making polymers, which are large molecules made up of nanoscale subunits, for many decades and nanotechnologies have been used to create the tiny features on computer chips for the past 20 years.

1.2- When Nanotechnology started

However, advances in the tools that now allow atoms and molecules to be examined and probed with great precision have enabled the expansion and development of nanoscience and nanotechnologies.

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1.3- Approaches of Nanotechnology� (growth methods ): � 1.3.1- Bottom-up or top-down?

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• Bottom-up approaches seek to have smaller components built up into more complex assemblies, while top-down approaches seek to create nanoscale devices by using larger, externally controlled ones to direct their assembly.
• The top-down approach often uses the traditional workshop or micro-fabrication methods where externally controlled tools are used to cut, mill, and shape materials into the desired shape and order.

1.3.1- Bottom-up or top-down?

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• Micropatterning techniques, such as photolithography and inkjet printing belong to this category.
• Bottom-up approaches, in contrast, use the chemical properties of single molecules to cause single-molecule components to
• (a) self-organize or self-assemble into some useful conformation, or
• (b) rely on positional assembly.

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1.3.1- Bottom-up or top-down?

2- Applications of Nanotechnology:� 2.1 General Applications

2.2- Environmental Applications� Check http://www.nanowerk.com/products/product.php?id=160 for more details

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• Thank You for Your Attention