1 of 28

Story Telling

characteristics, devices and tips

2 of 28

THE IMPORTANCE OF STORYTELLING

  • Effective stories inspire people for social causes by creating human connection and emotional resonance
  • Well-crafted stories can communicate abstract and complex ideas in ways that encourage understanding and value connections.
  • Stories can be used to introduce a new topic into the public dialogue, contribute to an ongoing conversation and engage people as active participants.
  • Stories can be used to share learning and lessons from successes and failures with colleagues and other key audience.

3 of 28

You want to write a really good story?

Then, you need to know……

What makes a good story?

What are the most important elements?

How can you write it?

Then start to write...but first consider that...….

4 of 28

A story is memorable when…….

  • It is catchy.
  • Its plot is meaningful.
  • It is worth hearing.
  • It is thought-provoking.
  • It gives the opportunity to solve mysteries and to put things together.
  • It is unpredictable.
  • It includes dialogues and descriptions to make the story more realistic.
  • It stimulates the listener with vivid inner pictures, sounds and rhythm.
  • It focuses on the main character who is clearly central to the story with all major events happening around him/her.

5 of 28

It should contain the following parts

Introduction: Characters and setting (place and time) are introduced.

Initiating action: the point of a story that starts the rising action.

Rising action: events leading up to the climax

Climax: turning point of the story.

Falling action: the story begins to conclude.

Resolution: the main conflict is resolved (or not).

6 of 28

Do not forget the main elements of a short story

Character: A character is a person or sometimes an animal, who takes part in the action of a short story.

Setting: the setting is the time and place in which the story develops.

Plot: Plot is a series of events and characters that relate to the central conflict.

Conflict: The conflict is the struggle between two people or things in a short story.

7 of 28

10 STORY ELEMENTS

8 of 28

Improve your writing using literary devices

Simile: a comparison between two unlike things

She wanted terribly to put her hands, her mouth on the body beside her, no matter the humiliation of the act, which he fulfilled like a medical procedure, prescribed to satisfy her.’

Personification: a figure of speech in which a thing, an idea or an animal is given human attributes.

‘The voice of the cello doesn’t lie.’

9 of 28

Literary devices

Metaphor: a figure of speech which makes an implicit, implied or hidden comparison between two things or objects that are poles apart from each other but have some characteristics common between them.¨

‘The sounds he drew from the overgrown violin between his knees: the

complaining moo of a sick cow;the rasp of a blunt saw; a long fart.´

10 of 28

More literary devices...

Stream of consciousness: it is a method of narration that describes in words the flow of thoughts in the minds of the characters.

‘It is his voice, that glorious voice of his cello, saying something different, speaking not to her but to some other. He makes love to her. Isn’t that always the signal of return after he has been away?’

Allusion: it is a figure of speech that refers to a place, event, or literary work in order to make a comparison in the readers´ minds.

`He was a a real Romeo with the ladies´

11 of 28

A few more literary devices...

Colloquialism: the use of informal words, phrases or even slang:

“Don´t laugh, asshole. It is true!’

Jargon: It seems unintelligible to the people who do not know the meanings. Examples of jargon used in literature are used to emphasize a situation or to refer to something exotic to the readers or audience.

‘Just in case you find some chicken weed, pick some leaves and bring them.’

12 of 28

Literary devices are like food with spices!

13 of 28

Devices to provide information about cultural background

Slang: Words that are not a part of standard vocabulary or language:

‘Mrs Leiva told me her son is empachado.’

Dialect: The language used by the people of a specific area, and by a particular group of people and it distinguishes them from other people around them. Dialect is a way of characterization, which elaborates the geographic and social background of any character.

He had no fear of a gaucho’s facón, but disease, insidious decay and death, against which he had no weapon, terrified him.”

14 of 28

Code-meshing

It is the act of combining colloquial and local words with Standard written English in order to embrace pluralism and diversity.

It refers to the concurrent use of different languages, dialects, and genres, sounds, and even more distinct linguistic features and conventions in a single rhetorical performance.

15 of 28

code - switching versus code - meshing

16 of 28

My advice to write effectively

  • Do not worry if you get stuck.
  • Move forwards, write everything that comes to mind, then there will be plenty of time for editing!
  • Believe there are no limits. Get carried away; become immersed in your own story; make it vivid.
  • Work relaxed in a good atmosphere so that you can concentrate and expand your ideas.

17 of 28

  • If you feel exhausted, go back to your work the next day. Ideas don’t come to your mind when you are not excited.
  • Use images to help the story flow.
  • Try playing a song or type of music that gets you connected to the emotions and events you want to convey through your writing.
  • Try to make your characters varied.

And do not forget……….

18 of 28

And here some authors’ advices

Forget the books you want to write. Think only of the book you are writing. (Henry Miller)

Never use a long word where a short one will do. (George Orwell)

Take something to write on. Paper is good. In a pinch, pieces of wood or your arm will do. (Margaret Atwood)

Don’t be nervous. Work calmly, joyously, recklessly on whatever is in hand. (Henry Miller)

19 of 28

Before you start writing let´s analyse its benefits

Writing is not just typing ideas into a computer, writing is a reaction to something or somebody, is a response to the people and the world around us, we always write to transmit an idea to a certain audience and with a certain purpose.

20 of 28

How storytelling can be a powerful tool to teach children and expand vocabulary by child development expert Stephanie Anderson

21 of 28

22 of 28

Why should we use stories in class?

By http://www.i-scoop.eu/art-storytelling-6-content-marketing-context-questions/

23 of 28

Improve your reading noticing the difference

between efficient and inefficient reading.

See next page

Efficient

Inefficient

  • The language of the text is comprehensible to the learners

  • The language of the text is too difficult.
  • The content is accessible to the learners; they know enough about it to be able to apply their own background knowledge.
  • The text is too difficult in the sense that the content is too far removed from the knowledge and experience of the learners.
  • Speed: The reading should progress fairly fast.
  • The reading is too slow or too fast: The reader does not have a large “vocabulary” of automatically recognized items.

24 of 28

Efficient Inefficient

See next page

  • Attention: The reader concentrates on the significant bits and skims the rest.
  • The reader takes incomprehensible vocabulary, guesses its meaning from the surronding text or ignores it and manages without it.
  • Prediction: The reader thinks ahead and hypothesizes.
  • The reader pays the same amount of attention to all parts of the text without skipping insignificant parts.
  • The reader cannot tolerate incomprehensible vocabulary items and stops to look every one up in the dictionary and tries to comprehend the text as a whole.
  • The reader does not think ahead, deals with the text as it comes, without predicting.

25 of 28

Efficient

Inefficient

  • The reader has and uses background information to help understand the text.
  • The reader does not have or use background information.
  • The reader is motivated to read by interesting content or a challenging task.
  • Motivation: The reader has no particular interest in reading.
  • The reader is aware of a clear purpose in reading: for example, to find out something, to get pleasure.
  • The reader has no clear purpose other than obey the teacher´s instruction.
  • The reader uses different strategies for different kinds of reading.
  • The reader uses the same strategy for all the texts.

26 of 28

But… we do not interpret what we read in the same ways. Not all the words that we read have the same impact on the person and this is due to two important concepts...

The schema is all the The script is the pre-determined,

background information stereotyped sequence of actions

that the reader has. that define a certain situation.

This is the reason why we may have different opinions about the same piece of writing.

SCHEMA

SCRIPT

27 of 28

Let´s use technology in our storytelling!

By Joe Sabia in TED

28 of 28

Finally….

A great example to use in our classrooms… A nice, popular story for kids, full of adjectives to work with...