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Engineering Instruction to Build Student Success

JCCS All-Staff Breakout

Nancy Frey

March 10, 2026

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Welcome!

PPT for this session is available www.FisherandFrey.com

Click on Recordings & Resources

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Academic risk-takers aren’t born. They are BUILT.

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Unfortunately, many of our students have already amassed years of struggle and failure in school.

They do not have a history of success.

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Our challenge is to systematically re-build a new narrative with them.

A narrative of success.

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Our incremental success criteria:

I can explain the impact of experiencing success on learning.

I can define instructional practices that promote success experiences. �

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What do you think is the optimal ratio of success to failure?

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The Success-Failure Ratio

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From Research to Practice (Wilson et al., 2020)

  • Engagement is maximized when tasks are neither too easy or too hard.
  • When given choices, participants will spontaneously choose tasks at these optimal levels.
  • “Learning at the optimal accuracy proceeds exponentially faster than training at a fixed difficulty.”

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Do we learn from failure?

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We don’t learn from failure.

We learn from productive struggle.

Productive struggle requires instruction after the initial failure.

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Is past success predictive of future performance?

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The Remembered Success Effect

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From Research to Practice (Finn et al., 2025)

  • 600 math students
  • Interleaving moderate problems within challenging tasks (extra opportunities for success) improved engagement, persistence, and motivation
  • Students chose optional challenge tasks

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Do students learn to accept challenge from classmates?

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Challenge-seeking behavior is contagious.

The courage to learn spreads.

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From Research to Practice (Ogulmus et al., 2024)

Challenge-seeking rates on math word problems were greater after observing a challenge-seeking peer than after observing a challenge-avoiding peer.

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Check in with a partner about our first success criteria:

Can I explain the impact of experiencing success on learning?

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Our incremental success criteria:

I can explain the impact of experiencing success on learning.

I can define instructional practices that promote success experiences.

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Change the face of schooling for students by changing opportunity structures.

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Shared JCCS Instructional Areas of Focus

  • Incremental Success Criteria
  • Chunking
  • Scaffolding
  • Response opportunity assessments

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Incremental Success Criteria

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Rationale: Students need to regularly experience success throughout the lesson to build confidence and motivation. It is a key action in fostering the courage to learn.

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Incremental Success Criteria provide a ladder for students.

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Learning Intention in World History

I am learning to use the themes of freedom, slavery, leadership, and violence to describe an artwork.

Incremental Success Criteria

I can…

    • Describe what is happening in a Haitian Revolution painting
    • Identify themes in our primary sources
    • Summarize what is happening in the artwork depicting revolution, using themes from the primary sources

Passage des onze jours de Pillage de la ville du Cap, J.L. Boquet, 1793

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Chunking requires that the teacher break larger bits of

information into smaller units and group these units in

manageable ways. 

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Rationale:

Chunking makes information easier to understand

and remember. It allows for focused practice on one idea at a time.

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Chunking a Lesson on Conductivity

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Response Opportunity Assessments

Rationale: Show what you know so I know what you know. It is key to responsive instruction.

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QUESTIONS TO GUIDE EVIDENCE-GATHERING DECISIONS

How will I gather evidence: whole group, partners, groups, individuals?

How will I mix formal assessment opportunities (tasks, writing assignments, exit tickets, tests) with informal ones (response to questions, discussions, whiteboards)?

How often will I provide evidence-gathering opportunities throughout the lesson? The unit?

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A 2023 meta-analysis of 29 studies found that students using response cards showed:

  • 58.79% increase in participation,
  • 17.84% increase in quiz scores,
  • 13.56% increase in test scores, and
  • 26.17% decrease in off-task behavior compared to hand-raising.

Marsh, R. J., Cumming, T. M., Randolph, J. J., & Michaels, S. (2023). Updated Meta-Analysis of the Research on Response Cards. Journal of Behavioral Education, 32(3), 450–473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-021-09463-0

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QUALITY INSTRUCTION + SCAFFOLDING

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Rationale: Support learners as they engage in the courage to learn by providing just-in-case and just-in-time scaffolds.

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Don’t be that teacher!

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Be this teacher. Look for evidence of these practices in his lesson:

  • I design incremental learning so you’ll be successful.
  • I chunk the learning.
  • I provide response opportunities so I can assess.
  • I scaffold and support.

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Check in with a partner:

Can I define instructional practices that promote success experiences?

  • Incremental Success Criteria
  • Chunking
  • Response opportunity assessments
  • Scaffolding

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Thank you!

www.fisherandfrey.com