1 of 76

Check Your Understanding and What Do You Already Know?

Check Your Understanding activities used to be called Interactive Activities. They simply have a new name. They are designed to let students quickly determine if they understand the content and can proceed, or if they need to review.
Check Your Understanding activities do not affect student grades.
Activities listed as What Do You Already Know? are a type of activity in which we ask the student to simply take a guess! It is not meant to evaluate their knowledge. It is only meant to give them a head start in thinking about different topics before they are presented in the course. Students receive addition content in the form of feedback for any answers they select.
What Do You Already Know? activities do not directly affect student grades; however, the feedback may contain content which appears later in quizzes and exams, so it is important that students complete the What Do You Already Know? activities.
There are no separate slides for these activities in the PPT. They are listed in the notes area of the slide that appears before these activities.

1

2 of 76

Chapter 5: Best Practices

Prior to teaching Chapter 5, the instructor should:
Complete Chapter 5, “Assessment.”
The objectives of this chapter are:

Explain components and types of computer networks.
Explain networking protocols, standards, and services.
Explain the purpose of devices on a network.
Explain the characteristics of network cables.

2

3 of 76

Chapter 5: Best Practices (Cont.)

In teams or individually, have students diagram their home network on a white board, sheet of paper, or graphics program.
Have students provide examples of PANs, LANs, WANs, etc.
Students should be able to compare the operation of TCP and UDP and give examples of applications that each use. Emphasize that there are fewer UDP protocols than TCP protocols.
Have a class discussion on the Internet of Things (IoT), smart home devices, and two of the protocols used with smart home devices—Zigbee and Z-Wave.
Ensure students know the purpose of the following network devices: NIC, hub, switch, wireless access point, router. Have a sample one of these to pass around or work in teams to identify. Otherwise, have photos on a slide of the different devices and have them describe the difference as well as identify.
Be sure to talk about pressing down on the tang to release a UTP cable from an RJ-45 port.

3

4 of 76

Chapter 5: Best Practices (Cont.)

If working in a computer classroom, unplug the network cable in the classroom and have the students see which wiring standard is used as you discuss UTP network cabling standards.
Invite the computer technician for the school into the classroom and ask the person to bring their 5 – 10 most used tools. Ask them to pass the tool around and tell the students what they use the tool for.
For internet connection types, have them access the internet and see what types are available in the area. If internet access is not allowed, include the internet options that are available and let the students describe what type they have at home and what they like or don’t like about it. You can supplement with material from the curriculum with their explanation.

4

5 of 76

Chapter 5: Networking Concepts

IT Essentials

5

6 of 76

Chapter 5 - Sections & Objectives

5.1 Network Components and Types

Explain components and types of computer networks.

Describe the types of networks.
Describe internet connection types.

5.2 Network Protocols, Standards, and Services

Explain networking protocols, standards and services.

Explain the purpose and characteristics of transport layer protocols.
Explain the significance of application port numbers.
Explain wireless protocols.
Explain network services.

6

7 of 76

Chapter 5 - Sections & Objectives (Cont.)

5.3 Network Devices

Explain the purpose of devices on a network.

Explain basic network devices.
Explain security devices.
Explain other network devices.

5.4 Network Cables

Explain the characteristics of network cables.

Describe networking tools and their purpose.
Explain the purpose and characteristics of common types of copper network cables and connectors.
Explain the purpose and characteristics of common types of fiber network cables and connectors.

7

8 of 76

5.1 Network Components and Types

8

9 of 76

Types of Networks�Network Icons

Intermediary Device Icons

Network Media Icons

Host Device Icons

9

10 of 76

Types of Networks�Network Topologies and Description

PAN (personal area network) – Commonly uses Bluetooth to connect mice, keyboards, phones, and tablets.�
LAN (local area network) – A wired network consisting of a switch and network devices in a limited geographical area.�
VLAN (virtual LAN) – Extends beyond a traditional LAN and groups users based on administratively defined boundaries such as department or floor.�
WLAN (wireless LAN) – Connects multiple wireless devices and uses an access point.

10

11 of 76

Types of Networks�Network Topologies and Description

WMN (wireless mesh network) – Connects multiple wireless access points together to expand the wireless network.�
MAN (metropolitan area network) – A network that spans a city.�
WAN (wide area network) – A network that spans a large geographical area.�
VPN (virtual private network) – A method of connecting to a network such as a company network across an unsecure network.

11

12 of 76

Internet Connection Types �Brief History of Connection Technologies�

Analog telephone access (dialup) – uses an analog modem to call another modem.
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) – more bandwidth than dialup. Can carry voice, video, and data.
Broadband – uses different frequencies to send multiple signals over media.

12

13 of 76

Internet Connection Types �DSL, Cable, and Fiber�

DSL (digital subscriber line) – always on technology that uses phone lines; voice and data carried on different frequencies; requires a filter on the port that connects to a phone.
Cable – Uses a cable modem to connect to a traditional cable TV network; shares the network with multiple subscribers.
Fiber – High bandwidth connection used in backbone networks, large enterprise environments, large data centers, and now part of some home internet connections.

13

14 of 76

�Internet Connection Types�Line of Sight Wireless Internet Service�

Line of site wireless – always on technology that uses radio signals for connecting to the internet.

Clear path required
Weather affects signal strength and performance

14

15 of 76

Internet Connection Types�Satellite

Satellite – broadband technology for remote areas

Uses a satellite dish
Not a good solution for time-sensitive applications like gaming, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), and video conferencing

15

16 of 76

Internet Connection Types�Cellular

Cellular– relies on cell towers to create a network used by cell phones and connectivity to the internet

16

17 of 76

�Internet Connection Types�Mobile Hotspot and Tethering�

Cell phone option that allows another device to connect to the internet using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or USB cable

The other device is using the phone’s cellular connection to connect to the internet
Called tethering or a hotspot

A mobile hotspot is when a cell phone allows Wi-Fi devices to connect and use the mobile data network.

17

18 of 76

5.2 Networking Protocols, Standards, and Services

18

19 of 76

Video Explanation – Transport Layer Protocols�Transport Layer Protocols

19

20 of 76

�Transport Layer Protocols�The TCP/IP Model�

20

21 of 76

Transport Layer Protocols�TCP

Three basic operations of reliability

Numbering and tracking of data segments
Acknowledgment of received data
Retransmitting any unacknowledged data after a period of time.

21

22 of 76

Transport Layer Protocols�UDP

Very little overhead or data checking
Best-effort delivery protocol (unreliable)

No acknowledgment that the data is received by the destination

22

23 of 76

Transport Layer Protocols�Video Explanation – Application Port Numbers

23

24 of 76

Application Port Numbers�Classify Application Port Numbers

24

25 of 76

Application Port Numbers�Classify Application Port Numbers (Cont.)

25

26 of 76

Wireless Protocols�WLAN Protocols

26

27 of 76

Wireless Protocols�Bluetooth, NFC, and RFID

Bluetooth

Up to 7 devices to create a PAN
802.15.1
2.4 to 2.485 GHz radio frequency range

RFID

Passive or active tags used to identify items

Passive – rely on RFID reader to activate and read
Active – have a battery to broadcast the ID up to 100 meters

125 MHz to 960 MHz radio frequency range

NFC (Near Field Communication)

Devices must be in close proximity to exchange data
Used for payments, printing, public parking, etc.

27

28 of 76

�Wireless Protocols�Zigbee and Z-Wave�

Zigbee

Requires a ZigBee Coordinator to manage client devices connected in a wireless mesh network.
Devices commonly managed from a cell phone app
IEEE 802.15.4 standard
868 MHz to 2.4 GHz range up to 20 meters, 65,000 devices, and data speeds up to 250 kb/s

Z-Wave

Proprietary standard, but public version available
232 devices can connect to a wireless mesh network with data speeds up to 100 kb/s.

28

29 of 76

�Wireless Protocols�Cellular Generations�

1G/2G – First generation was analog calls only. 2G introduced digital voice, conference calls, and caller ID with speeds less than 9.6 Kb/s
2.5G – supports web browsing, short audio and video clips with speeds up to 237 Kb/s.
3G – full motion video and streaming music at speeds up to 2 Mb/s
4G - IPv6, IP-based voice, gaming services, high quality multimedia at speeds up to 672 Mb/s
LTE (Long Term Evolution) – means it meets the 4G speed standards and improves connectivity while in motion. Speeds up to 100 Mb/s when mobile and up to 1 Gb/s when stationary.
5G – supports augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), smart homes, smart cars, and data transfer between devices. Download speeds up to 3 Gb/s; upload speeds up to 1.5 Gb/s.

29

30 of 76

Network Services�Video Explanation – Network Services

30

31 of 76

Network Services�Client – Server Roles

File Client and Server
Web Client and Server
Email Client and Server

31

32 of 76

�Network Services�DHCP Server�

A DHCP server provides IP addressing information.

32

33 of 76

�Network Services�DNS Server�

A DNS server translates domain names such as cisco.com to an IP address.

33

34 of 76

�Network Services�Print Server�

A print server

Can control multiple printers
Provides client access to print resources
Allows centralized print job administration
Provides feedback to network clients

34

35 of 76

�Network Services�File Server�

A file server allows clients to access files using a specific protocol

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
FTPS (File Transfer Protocol Secure)
SFTP (Secure Shell File Transfer Protocol)
SCP (Secure Copy)

35

36 of 76

�Network Services�Web Server�

A web server provides web resources using these protocols

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

TCP port 80

Secure HTTP (HTTPS)

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
TCP port 443

36

37 of 76

�Network Services�Mail Server�

Email messages are stored in databases on mail servers

Client communicates with server in order to reach a different client
Protocol used to send email

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

Protocols used to retrieve email

Post Office Protocol (POP)
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

37

38 of 76

�Network Services�Proxy Server�

Proxy servers act on behalf of a client, thus hiding the real internal host
Used to cache frequently accessed web pages

38

39 of 76

�Network Services�Authentication Server�

Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) - Allows access to a network device or a particular network

39

40 of 76

�Network Services�Syslog Server�

Syslog stores network messages sent by networking devices.

40

41 of 76

5.3 Basic Network Devices

41

42 of 76

Basic Network Devices�Video Explanation - Basic Network Devices

42

43 of 76

�Basic Network Devices�Network Interface Card�

Todays computers have wired and/or wireless network capability.

43

44 of 76

�Basic Network Devices�Repeaters, Bridges, and Hubs�

Repeaters – Also called extenders because they regenerate the signal so it can be sent further.
Hub – Receives data on one port and sends to all other ports.
Bridge – Divides a network into two or more segments and tracks which device is on each segment.

44

45 of 76

�Basic Network Devices�Switches�

Ethernet switches record MAC addresses for each device connected to the switch.

Data is sent to a specific device if the MAC address of that device is in the MAC address table.
Managed switches are used in a company environment and have additional features.
Unmanaged switches are used in home or a small business network.

45

46 of 76

�Basic Network Devices�Wireless Access Points�

Wireless access points (APs) – provide access to a wireless network for a limited range.

46

47 of 76

�Basic Network Devices �Routers�

Routers connect networks.

Use an IP address to forward traffic to other networks
Can be a multipurpose device (integrated router) that includes switching and wireless capabilities

47

48 of 76

�Security Devices �Video Explanation – Security Devices�

48

49 of 76

�Security Devices �Firewalls�

A firewall protects data and devices connected to a network.
Firewalls use access control lists (ACLs) which are rules used to determine whether data is permitted (allowed through) or denied.

49

50 of 76

�Security Devices �IDS and IPS�

An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) monitors traffic and is a passive system.

An Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) actively monitors traffic and takes action when needed.

50

51 of 76

�Security Devices �IDS and IPS�

51

52 of 76

�Security Devices �UTMs�

Universal Threat Management (UTM) is an all-in-one security appliance. Features are vendor-specific, but could include:

Firewall services
IDS/IPS services
Additional security services against Zero Day, Denial of Service (DoS) Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), and spyware
Proxy and email filtering
Network access control
VPN services

52

53 of 76

�Security Devices �Endpoint Management Server�

An endpoint management server monitors end devices such as PCs, laptops, servers, tablets, printers, etc.

53

54 of 76

�Other Network Devices �Legacy and Embedded Systems�

A legacy system is a device on the network no longer supported, but still in operation.
An embedded system is a device built into something else such as an appliance. Embedded microchips are contained in legacy systems and embedded systems.
Legacy systems and embedded systems could be a security risk.

54

55 of 76

�Other Network Devices �Patch Panel�

A centralized place where network cables attach to the back. Patch cables are used to make a connection to another patch panel which connects to a different wiring closet, or to a device such as a switch mounted nearby.

55

56 of 76

�Other Network Devices �Power over Ethernet and Ethernet over Power�

Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a standard for providing power to devices such as APs, cameras, or IP phones through a cable.
A PoE injector can be connected to a cable and a second cable is used to connect a device that receives power from the injector.

PoE switch

PoE injector

Ethernet over Power (powerline networking) uses existing electrical wiring to create a network.

Network cable

56

57 of 76

�Other Network Devices �Cloud-based Network Controller�

A cloud-based network controller is a remote device used to manage network devices like access points or switches.

57

58 of 76

5.4 Network Cables

58

59 of 76

�Network Tools �Video Explanation – Network Cable Tools�

59

60 of 76

Network Tools�Network Tools and Descriptions

Wire cutters or side cutters��
Wire strippers��
Crimper – used to securely attach an RJ-45 connector
Punch down tool – used to terminate wires into termination

60

61 of 76

Network Tools�Network Tools and Descriptions (Cont.)�

Multimeter��
Tone Generator��
Loopback adapter –�used to check a port�
Cable Tester�
Wi-Fi analyzer��

61

62 of 76

�Copper Cables and Connectors �Cable Types�

Cable types used in networking

Twisted-pair
Coaxial
Fiber-optic

62

63 of 76

�Copper Cables and Connectors �Coaxial Cables�

Coaxial cable

Copper or aluminum
Used in cable TV systems and satellite communication systems
Harder to install, more expensive, and harder to troubleshoot than twisted-pair cabling

63

64 of 76

�Copper Cables and Connectors �Twisted-Pair Cables�

Twisted-pair cabling types

Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP)
Shielded twisted-pair (STP)

UTP

Most common
Four pairs of color-coded wires
Prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI)

STP

Better protection against EMI and RFI
More expensive and harder to install

UTP cabling

STP cabling

64

65 of 76

�Copper Cables and Connectors �Twisted-Pair Category Ratings�

Cat 5 UTP

Cat 5e UTP

Cat 6 UTP

65

66 of 76

�Copper Cables and Connectors �Twisted-Pair Wire Schemes�

When creating a cable to connect a network device to a wall jack or from the patch panel to a switch, make both ends of the cable the same standard.

T568A

T568B

66

67 of 76

�Copper Cables and Connectors �Video Explanation – Build and Test a Network Cable�

67

68 of 76

�Copper Cables and Connectors �Lab – Build and Test Network Cables�

In this lab, you will build and test a straight-through Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) Ethernet network cable.

Note: With a straight-through cable, the color of wire used by pin 1 on one end is the same color used by pin 1 on the other end, and similarly for the remaining seven pins. The cable will be constructed using either TIA/EIA T568A or T568B standards for Ethernet. This determines which color wire is to be used on each pin.
Straight-through cables are normally used to connect a host directly to a switch or a wall plate in an office area.

68

69 of 76

�Fiber Cables and Connectors �Fiber-Optic Cables�

Fiber-Optic cables

Use light to transmit signals
Not affected by EMI or RFI

69

70 of 76

�Fiber Cables and Connectors �Types of Fiber Media�

Single-mode fiber (SMF)

Small core
Uses laser technology to send one beam of light
Long distances

Multimode fiber (MMF)

Larger core
Uses LEDs to send light
Light is injected at different angles
Cheaper
Bandwidth up to 10 Gb/s up to 550 meters

SMF

MMF

70

71 of 76

�Fiber Cables and Connectors �Fiber-Optic Connectors�

71

72 of 76

5.5 Chapter Summary

72

73 of 76

Conclusion�Chapter 5: Network Concepts

Explain components and types of computer networks.

1

Explain networking protocols, standards and services.

2

Explain the purpose of devices on a network.

3

Explain the characteristics of network cables.

4

73

74 of 76

Section 5.5�New Terms and Commands

PAN LAN VLAN WLAN WMN MAN WAN VPN SVI VLAN DSL Cable Fiber Line of Sight Wireless	Satellite Cellular Mobile hotspot and tethering TCP UDP Port numbers 802.11 WLAN protocol Bluetooth NFC RFID Zigbee Z-Wave 1G/2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, LTE, and 5G	Client-Server roles DHCP server DNS server Print server File server Web server Mail server Proxy server Authentication server Syslog server NIC Repeater Bridge Hub

74

75 of 76

Section 5.5�New Terms (cont.)

Switch Wireless access point Router Firewall IDS IPS UTM Endpoint management server Legacy system Embedded system Patch panel Power over Ethernet Ethernet over Power Cloud-based network controller	Wire cutter Wire stripper Crimper Punch down tool Multimeter Cable tester Loopback Tone generator Wi-Fi analyzer Coaxial cable UTP STP Fiber-optic cable T568A	T568B RJ-45 connector SMF MMF ST connector SC connector LC connector Duplex multimode LC connectors

75

76 of 76

I know he was interested!�

If you're curious, I'll see you at the next presentation!

76