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Gift

Gift is a transfer of ownership without any consideration, and the transfer without consideration is called as gratuitous transfer.
Gift is the transfer of certain existing moveable or immovable property made voluntarily and without consideration by one person to another and accepted by or on behalf of the latter.
The person making the gift is called “donor” and
The person to whom it is made is called donee.
Gift (Hiba in Muslim law) is a transfer of property, made immediately and without any exchange by one person to another and accepted by one or behalf of the latter.

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As per Hindu Law, Gift is a relinquishment (without consideration) of one’s own right in property and the creation of the right of another. A gift is completed only on the other’s acceptance of the gift.

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Essentials of a valid gift

There must be transfer of ownership.
Subject of gift must belong to donor.
Subject of gift must be in existence.
Donor must make gift by his free will.
Transfer is without consideration.
Gift must be accepted by the done.
Delivery of possession of the subject matter must be done.
Declaration of gift by the donor.

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Deed of Will

A deed is a signed legal document that transfers the title of an asset to a new holder, granting them the privilege of ownership.
A legal document that is signed and delivered, especially one regarding the ownership of property or legal rights.

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Provision relating to gift and donation

406. Donation or gift deemed to be effected: दान वा बकस भएको मानिने (1) If a person grants free of cost a property in which the person has right and ownership to another person or for any religious, social, public or community purpose such an act shall be deemed to be a donation.
(१) कुनै व्यक्तिले आफ्नो हक र स्वामित्वको सम्पत्ति कुनै व्यक्तिलाई वा धार्मिक, सामाजिक, सार्वजनिक वा सामुदायिक कार्यको लागि निःशुल्क रूपमा दिने कार्यलाई दान मानिनेछ ।
(2) If a person grants free of cost a property in which the person has right and ownership to another person as a reward, prize or tip in consideration for merits to him or her by that other person by way of fostering him or her or otherwise or for family love or affection such an act shall be deemed to be a gift.

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(२) कुनै व्यक्तिले आफूलाई पालनपोषण गरी वा अन्य तवरले रिझाए वापत वा पारिवारिक स्नेह वा अनुरागको कारण आफ्नो हक र स्वामित्व पुग्ने सम्पत्ति इनाम, पुरस्कार वा बक्सिसको रूपमा त्यस्तो व्यक्तिलाई निःशुल्क रूपमा दिने कार्यलाई बकस मानिनेछ ।
(3) In effecting a donation or gift pursuant to sub-section (1) or (2), such a donation or gift may be so effected that it is effective immediately or after a certain period or after the death of its maker.
(३) उपदफा (१) वा (२) बमोजिम दान वा बकस दिँदा दान वा वकस दिनासाथ वा कुनै निश्चित अवधि पछि वा दान वा वकसपत्र दिने व्यक्तिको मृत्यु पछि प्रभावकारी हुने गरी दान वा बकस दिन सकिनेछ
(4) If a donation or a gift becomes effective only after the death of the maker of such donation or gift, it shall be deemed that he or she has executed a testamentary donation or testamentary gift.

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(४) उपदफा (३) बमोजिम दान वा वकस दिने व्यक्तिको मृत्यु पछि मात्र दान वा बकस प्रभावकारी हुने भएमा निजले शेष पछिको दान वा शेषपछिको बकस दिएको मानिनेछ ।
Sec 407. Property may be donated by pronouncement: उद्घोषण गरी सम्पत्ति दान दिन सक्ने ः
A person may donate a certain amount or property for any specific purpose by making pronouncement in writing or publicly in a public function organized for that purpose. Provided that no lawsuit may be made if the person does not transfer the property so donated by him or her.
कुनै खास कामको लागि आयोजना गरिएको सार्वजनिक समारोहमा कसैले त्यस्तो कामको निमित्त खास रकम वा सम्पत्ति दान दिन लिखित वा सार्वजनिक रूपमा उद्घोषण गरी त्यस्तो रकम वा सम्पत्ति दान दिन सक्नेछ ।

तर निजले त्यसरी दान दिएको सम्पत्ति हस्तान्तरण नगरेमा कुनै नालिस गर्न सकिने छैन ।

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Sec 408. Voidance of donation or gift: दान वा बकस बदर हुने ः
Any donation or gift made pursuant to this Chapter shall ipso facto be void in any of the following circumstances:
यस परिच्छेद बमोजिम दिइएको दान वा बकस देहायका कुनै अवस्थामा स्वतः बदर हुनेछ ः–
(a) If the person entitling to donation or gift does not accept the donated or gifted property himself or herself or through his or her agent,
दान वा बकस पाउने व्यक्ति आफैँले वा आफ्नो प्रतिनिधि मार्फत दान वा कसको सम्पत्ति स्वीकार नगरेमा,
(b) If a property is donated or gifted to a person with entitlement after testament and the receiver of donation or gift dies before the person making such a donation or gift or the organization obtaining donation or gift is dissolved,

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कसैलाई शेषपछि हक हुने गरी सम्पत्ति दान वा बकस दिएकोमा दान वा बकस दिने व्यक्तिभन्दा दान वा बकस पाउने व्यक्ति अघि मरेमा वा दान वा बकस पाउने संस्था विघटन भएमा,
(c) If a property is donated or gifted to an unborn baby and the baby is not born alive,
गर्भमा रहेको शिशुलाई सम्पत्ति दान वा बकस दिएकोमा त्यस्तो शिशु जीवित रूपमा नजन्मिएमा,
(d) If the donated or gifted property is so destroyed that its existence is extinct before the donation or gift becomes effective.
दान वा बकस प्रभावकारी नहुँदै दान वा बकस बमोजिमको सम्पत्तिको अस्तित्व नरहने गरी नासिएमा ।

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409. Donation or gift to be voidable:� दान वा बकस बदर गराउन सकिने ः

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Act, a donation or gift may be voided in any of the following circumstances:

यस ऐनमा अन्यत्र जुनसुकै कुरा लेखिएको भएतापनि देहायका अवस्थामा त्यस्तो दान वा बकस बदर गराउन सकिनेछ ः–

(a) If a person donates or gifts a property in which another has right and ownership,

अन्य व्यक्तिको हक र स्वामित्वको सम्पत्ति दान वा बकस दिएमा,

(b) If any property is donated or gifted without obtaining the consent of another person where such consent is needed pursuant to law,

कानून बमोजिम अन्य व्यक्तिको मञ्जुरी लिनु पर्नेमा त्यस्तो व्यक्तिको मञ्जुरी नलिई कुनै सम्पत्ति दान वा बकस दिएमा,

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असक्षम वा अर्धसक्षम व्यक्तिले कुनै सम्पत्ति दान वा बकस दिएमा,

(d) If the donation or gift is made without fulfilling the legal requirements.

कानूनको रीत नपु¥याई सम्पत्ति दान वा बकस दिएमा ।

(2) In the case of a donation or gift made without the consent of another person pursuant to clause (b) of sub-section (1) where such consent is required, the property shall be void to the extent of such consent not taken.

उपदफा (१) को खण्ड (ख) बमोजिम अन्य व्यक्तिको मञ्जुरी लिनु पर्ने अवस्थामा मञ्जुरी नलिई दान वा बकस गरी दिएकोमा यसरी मञ्जुरी नलिएको हदसम्मको सम्पत्ति बदर हुनेछ ।

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Sec 410. Power to amend or revoke deed of gift with testament: शेषपछिको बकसपत्र संशोधन वा रद्द गराउन सक्नेः

(1) The maker of gift with testament may, if he or she so wishes, amend the terms of, or revoke, the deed of gift with testament executed by him or her at any time, by making an application in person before the concerned authority.

शेषपछिको बकसपत्र गर्ने व्यक्तिले चाहेमा जुनसुकै बखत सम्बन्धित अधिकारी समक्ष आफैँ उपस्थित भई निवेदन दिई आफूले गरेको शेषपछिको बकसपत्रका शर्त संशोधन वा बकसपत्र रद्द गर्न सक्नेछ ।

(2) In amending or revoking the deed of gift with testament pursuant to sub-section (1), such a person shall appear before the concerned authority, execute a separate deed and then amend or revoke such a deed of gift with testament.

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उपदफा (१) बमोजिम शेषपछिको बकसपत्र संशोधन वा रद्द गर्दा त्यस्तो व्यक्ति सम्बन्धित अधिकारी समक्ष उपस्थित भई छुट्टै लिखत खडा गरी त्यस्तो शेषपछिको बकसपत्र संशोधन वा रद्द गराउनु पर्नेछ ।

(3) The deed revoking or amending the deed of gift with testament pursuant to sub-section (2) shall be executed in fulfillment of the procedures applicable to the execution of the deed of gift with testament.

उपदफा (२) बमोजिम शेषपछिको बकसपत्र रद्द वा संशोधन गर्ने लिखत गराउँदा शेषपछिको बकसपत्र गराउदाँको कार्यविधि अवलम्बन गर्नु पर्नेछ ।

(4) No person may grant a property once granted to any one by executing the deed of gift with testament to other person by executing such a deed, without revoking the earlier deed of gift with testament pursuant to this Section.

कसैले एकपटक शेषपछिको बकसपत्र गरिदिएको कुनै सम्पत्ति यस दफा बमोजिम शेषपछिको बकसपत्र रद्द नगराई सोही सम्पत्ति अर्को व्यक्तिलाई शेषपछिको बकसपत्र गरी दिन सक्ने छैन ।

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(5) If a deed of gift with testament is executed in contravention of sub-section (4), the deed of gift with testament executed earlier shall ipso facto be valid.

उपदफा (४) को प्रतिकूल हुने गरी शेषपछिको बकसपत्र भएकोमा पहिले गरेको शेषपछिको बकसपत्र स्वतः मान्य हुनेछ ।

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411. Not to obtain property under deed of gift with testament:शेषपछिको बकसपत्र बमोजिमको सम्पत्ति प्राप्त नगर्ने ः

If the receiver of gift with testament is convicted to have committed any criminal offense against the maker of such a gift before the deed of gift with testament becomes effective, the receiver shall not be entitled to obtain the property under such a deed.

शेषपछिको बकसपत्र प्रभावकारी नहुँदै त्यस्तोशेषपछिको बकसपत्र पाउनेले शेष पछिको बकसपत्र दिने व्यक्तिका विरुद्ध कुनै फौजदारी कसूर गरेको ठहरेमा निजले शेष पछिको बकसपत्र बमोजिम सम्पत्ति प्राप्त गर्न सक्ने छैन ।

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412. Statute of limitation: हदम्याद ः

A lawsuit may be made within the statute of limitation, if any, specified separately in this Chapter, within two years after the date of maturation of one's right in donation or gift received by one and after the date of possession and enjoyment upon maturity of right in a donation or gift incapable of being made, and, in relation to the other cases, within one year after the date of knowledge of any act done or action taken pursuant to this Chapter, by a person who is aggrieved from such an act or action.

यस परिच्छेदमा नालिस गर्ने सम्बन्धमा छुट्टै हदम्याद तोकिएमा सोही बमोजिम, आफूले दान वा बकस पाएको कुरामा आफ्नो हक पुगेको मितिले र दिन नहुने दान वा बकस दिएकोमा पाउनेको हक पुगी भोग चलन गरेको मितिले दुई वर्षभित्र तथा अन्य अवस्थामा यस परिच्छेद बमोजिम भए गरेको काम, कारबाहीबाट मर्का पर्ने व्यक्तिले त्यस्तो काम कारबाही भए गरेको थाहा पाएको मितिले एक वर्षभित्र नालिस गर्न सक्नेछ ।

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