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Day 1

Building an Understanding of Windows Server

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Understanding the design and philosophy of a Server Operating System vs a Client Operating System

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Two basic client operating systems

  • Thin clients limited operating systems that depend heavily on network connected servers (cloud) to provide the productivity/game/utilities for the user.

Android

iOS

Chromebooks

Embedded Linux IoT devices

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Two basic client operating systems

  • Thick client a more stand alone powerful fully functional operating system that can provide all the computing power if needed for the user, they can also rely on network connected servers also (this is a growing trend).

Windows 10/11

Linux

macOS

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COMPARING WINDOWS 11 VS SERVER 2022

TECH SAVVY PRODUCTIONS

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CREATED BY:

LOWELL VANDERPOOL & NATHAN VANDERPOOL

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Windows 11 Services

  • Over 200 Services provided by Microsoft provide the rich and diverse software infrastructure needed by users
  • Windows 11 clean install:
    • Processes: 145
    • Threads 2572
    • Handles 68066
    • 22GB of HD space

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Windows 11 client

  • Many services installed and running by default to provide specific functions for users
  • 60 services running after a clean installation, over 200 services that are either manually started or (Trigger Start)

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Windows 11 preinstalls many basic applications

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Client priority

  • Client software has priority to background services
  • Servers give background services/programs priority

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Server 2022 after clean install

  • Windows 11 and Server 2022 look very much alike at kernel level
  • Server will install and run very few services
  • A clean install of Server 2022 with GUI interface only:
    • Processes: 63
    • Threads: 724
    • Handles: 27604

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Server 2022 installs very little software

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Server 2022 has three install choices

  • Server 2022 Desktop (has a GUI) largest image size 12GB
  • Server Core, no GUI but can support many server roles and features much smaller image size 8>GB
    • Manage via Remote Server Administration Tools (RSAT) or Windows Admin Center, PowerShell
    • Very few services installed by default
  • Nano Server, no GUI designed for “Docker Containers” and .NET, very stripped-down operating system, no product key required >1GB
    • Managed with PowerShell

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Windows Server Core vs Linux Server

  • Linux servers are typically (headless) or no GUI interface installed.
    • Smaller images but rich with services and features
    • Most websites are run on Linux servers, below are some of the most popular Linux server distros
      • Ubuntu Server
      • CentOS
      • Red Hat Enterprise
      • Debian
      • OpenSUSE LEAP
      • Fedora Server
      • Fedora CoreOS

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  • Microsoft was slow to develop a competing product “Server Core”, but by Server 2022 the operating system was enterprise class.

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popular Linux server applications

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Apache web server

MySQL

DNS & DHCP

Docker Containers

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Server Hardware

Windows Server 2022 is designed to run on the most powerful servers in the world

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Hardware quality and reliability

  • macOS on a $300.00 laptop = awful
  • Linux on a $300.00 laptop = awful
  • Windows 11 on a $300.00 laptop = awful

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  • Put Windows 11 on a $15,000 workstation with carefully designed hardware and drivers = amazing

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Without well designed hardware: any operating system is a waste

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Server hardware vendors

  • Work closely with Microsoft to develop:
    • very stable drivers
    • hardware meeting Microsoft’s “Windows Hardware Compatibility Program Specifications and Policies”
  • Hardware certification process
  • IHV attested signing service

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99.999 uptime SOA

  • Many companies require five 9’s in their SOA’s
  • All Fortune 1000’s companies run on Windows Server or Azure
  • This is not possible without high quality operating systems, hardware and applications

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Server 2022 hardware

  • Min: 1.4 GHz 64-bit processor Max CPU sockets: 64 unlimited cores
  • Max RAM 48TB
  • Supports NX and DEP
  • Supports CMPXCHG16b, LAHF/SAHF, and PrefetchW
  • Supports Second Level Address Translation (EPT or NPT)
  • UEFI 2.3.1c-based system and firmware that supports secure boot
  • Trusted Platform Module 2.0

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$15-20K fully loaded price

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Hardware vendors

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CPU requirements

  • No-eXecute (NX) is a processor feature that allows memory pages to be marked as non-executable. The feature enables the CPU to help guard the system from attacks by malicious software.
  • Data Execution Prevention (DEP) is a system-level memory protection

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CPU requirements

  • The CMPXCHG16B instruction performs an atomic compare-and-exchange on 16-byte values. It is supported on all modern x86-64 processors
  • LAHF/SAHF: The LAHF and SAHF load and store the contents of the AH register into the flags register, respectively

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CPU requirements

  • PrefetchW: instruction that tells the processor to prefetch data from memory into the cache in anticipation for writing
  • Second Level Address Translation (EPT or NPT): Critical to Hyper-V managing memory

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Xeon 3rd Gen

  • 64 Cores
  • 64 Threads of execution
  • 215 Watts

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AMD EPYC

  • 64 cores
  • 128 Threads
  • 280 Watts

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HP’s smallest server

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  • Xeon® 2200 processor series
  • Root of Trust
  • iLO
  • 4 NICs
  • 1 x16 PCIe
  • 180W
  • Runs HP’s small business software and Linux

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Windows 11 supports typical hardware need for desktops/laptops

  • Most consumer hardware is supported on Windows 11
  • This is an incredible feature of Windows

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Server 2022 does not support consumer hardware

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Server hardware vendors

  • HP, Dell, Lenovo, Super Micro and all hardware vendors work closely with Microsoft for driver and software support for their products on Windows Server

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Server hardware $$$$$$$$$

  • Server hardware is designed with 24/7/365 run time with warranties up to five years

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  • Blade systems by HPE, Dell, Lenovo and Cisco
  • Expandable
  • High reliability
  • $$$$$$

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Server hardware vendors

  • Intel, AMD, NVIDIA, Seagate, Western Digital are closely aligned with Microsoft on development of their Enterprise products

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6.4T $2,798.00

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GPU servers are a growing trend

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Connecting:

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Server's use:

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HBA host bus adaptors for Fibre Channel, iSCSC, SAS storage systems

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NIC are commonly Ethernet based optical transceivers for high bandwidth

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CAN are Converged Network Adapter (C-NIC) have both Ethernet and HBA functions

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Server 2022 Roles

  • Active Directory services
  • DHCP server
  • DNS server
  • Hyper-V
  • Deployment services
  • Web-server
  • Print Server
  • File and Storage
  • Windows Update Services

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Server 2022 Features

  • Failover clustering
  • Containers
  • Data Center Bridging
  • Network Load balancing
  • SNMP services
  • SMTP server
  • Subsystem for Linux
  • Server Backup

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Pricing

  • Server 2022 Datacenter $6,155
  • Server 2022 Standard $972.00
  • Client Access License varies $12-$48 per user
    • Every user that connects to a Windows Server must have a CAL

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Azure

This is the end game for Microsoft

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Microsoft’s goal is to push everyone to Azure

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The big six cloud providers

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Azure is expensive

  • Smaller companies
  • Mid-size companies who want a project hosted
  • Enterprise looking for flexibility in costs
  • US government spent $6.6B on Cloud Services in 2020

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Windows 11 a lot to like

  • Can share files to 20 concurrent users
  • Hyper-V
  • Windows 10 Sandbox
  • Docker Containers
  • MultiPoint version of Windows 10 can allow many users
  • Web-server
  • FTP server
  • 4 CPU sockets 6TB RAM Max cores: 256
  • Subsystem for Linux
  • Supports x86, x64, potentially Android apps and Linux applications

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Windows 11 security features

  • Bitlocker
  • Windows Sandbox
  • Credential Guard
  • Defender Device Guard
  • Defender Exploit Guard
  • Defender Application Guard
  • Ransomware protection
  • Defender Smart Screen

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Microsoft sells server software

  • Microsoft Azure
  • Microsoft Power BI
  • Microsoft EndPoint Manager
  • Microsoft Exchange Server
  • Compliance
  • Identity and access management

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Microsoft sells server software

  • Microsoft SharePoint
  • Microsoft Teams
  • Microsoft SQL Server
  • Microsoft System Center

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Windows Admin Center

Browser-based Server management tool

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Wrapping up our comparison

  • Windows 11
  • Thick client
  • 200 services
  • Designed for users' applications and hardware
  • Quality hardware is important
  • Inexpensive
  • Managed by user or IT team
  • Server 2022
  • Designed to run server hardware and server applications
  • One or two applications per server
  • Quality hardware is essential for reliability
  • Expensive
  • Managed by IT team only

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Part 1 in a series: Home Wireless: How to properly set up, configure, troubleshoot, and establish strong security to your home wireless. A review of wireless standards. Understanding wireless spectrum. Learn how to properly place your wireless device for maximum effect. Wireless heat maps. How to properly purchase a wireless router for diverse types of homes.

TECHSAVVYPRODUCTIONS.COM

Home Wireless Network Setup: Not like your friends do!

YouTube: https://youtu.be/biSWddqx14A

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Part 2 in a series teaching proper setup, configuration and troubleshooting wireless devices. We look at "mesh wireless routers", more troubleshooting, items in your home that impact wireless and adjacent channel interference. We also look at wireless items in your home that slow down everyone.

TECHSAVVYPRODUCTIONS.COM

Home Wireless Troubleshooting: For the serious only

YouTube: https://youtu.be/aLkoLQBkSGs

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Part 3 in a series on setup and configuring your wireless systems. Understanding poor wireless performance in homes. Learn about power output, RF frequency and RF loss and why these are so important. How to do a wireless survey yourself. What are good signal levels? How to properly place your wireless device in our home.

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Video 1: https://youtu.be/biSWddqx14A

Video 2: https://youtu.be/aLkoLQBkSGs

TECHSAVVYPRODUCTIONS.COM

Home Wireless Network Setup

YouTube: https://youtu.be/o5Uk0L9KoUY

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Learn the technology behind PXE, proxyDHPC, TFTP servers, and see how to deploy operating systems quickly on a LAN. Learn the purpose of PXE and how it can be implemented. It is often integrated with Wake-on-LAN.

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How does DHCP get your client to a PXE server and what is an NBP file and why is it critical to PXE? We will use Serva's Windows PXE server in our demo. Serva's homepage: https://www.vercot.com/~serva/ �

TECHSAVVYPRODUCTIONS.COM

PXE Explained: How to deploy an operating system.

YouTube: https://youtu.be/5qyTLfJrQM4

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Beamforming, Wider Channels, Speed, and MIMO are bundled in this new wireless standard that pushes wireless to a new level. Learn why efficiency is the one word to describe 802.11ax. Understanding the technologies that allowed RF engineers to use the 5Ghz spectrum for these new wireless standards.

TECHSAVVYPRODUCTIONS.COM

802.11ax WiFi6 It's all about efficiency!

YouTube: https://youtu.be/c35gkVTxRxs

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Windows is building in isolation via Hyper-V, isolation via the operating system, isolation via the restrictive processes, and much more. This is leveraging what is known as "Sandboxing". We will demonstrate Windows Desktop Sandbox, a super cool concept for anyone who wants to play with this isolated version of Windows 10.

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A demonstration and lecture on Windows 10 sandbox, how Chrome protects your Windows PC when using Chrome, how Edge is protected against malicious code, and a brief introduction to Windows Docker Containers. Process Isolation and Hyper-V isolation techniques.

TECHSAVVYPRODUCTIONS.COM

Windows Sandbox: Making the bad guys work harder

YouTube: https://youtu.be/MzM5IzD6Gk0

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