B1.0 - Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

• Terms
• Planes of Movement
• Axes of Movement
• Types of Movement

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Fitness - Wellness

ESTABLISH A COMMON VOCABULARY

Fitness - 4 Pillars: Nutrition, Exercise & Movement, Sleep, Community (S.E.S)

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SPORT:

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ATHLETE:

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PSK 4U - Introductory Kinesiology - S. Clark

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Terms, Terms and More Terms

• To be able to walk the walk, you need to be able to talk the talk. When you are doing work in this class, you do so using proper anatomical terminology.

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First, why we’re here…

Anatomy: the branch of science that deals with the structural organization of living things – how they are built and what they consist of.

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Anatomy is usually studied in conjunction with…

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Physiology: concerned with the basic processes such as, reproduction, growth, and metabolism as they occur within the various systems of the body.

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In other words, anatomy is concerned with the structure of the body and its various organs, and physiology is the study of how all these parts function.

PSK 4U - Introductory Kinesiology - S. Clark

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Exercise Physiology

• Exercise Physiology: is a branch of physiology, with the important distinction that exercise physiologists concentrate their research specifically on how the body responds and adapts to the stresses placed on it.

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• Exercise Physiologists are concerned with the maximization of athletic performance, injuries, nutrition, rehabilitation and test implementation.

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Anatomical Position

The standard starting point of the human body is known as the anatomical position.

• Body is upright
• Standing position
• Face and feet pointing forward
• Arms at the side
• Palms facing forward

It's accepted as the unambiguaous starting point from which to begin to describe anatomical features and positions.

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Anatomical Planes

The anatomical position is further standardized by dividing the body into three anatomical planes.

1. The frontal (coronal) plane: vertical and extends from one side of the body to the other. Divides the body front and back

2. The transverse (horizontal) plane: is horizontal and divides the body into upper and lower segments.

3. The sagittal (medial) plane: is vertical and extends from the front to the back. Divides the body left and right

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3 min

Anatomical Axes

Three imaginary lines used to describe the direction of movement at joints.

1. Horizontal axis: from one side of the body to the other(Flexion at the hips)

2. Longitudinal axis: runs from head to toe(twisting around the spine).

3. Antero-posterior axis(sagittal axis): extends from the front of the body to the back.

Body movement can be described in terms of the anatomical plane through which it occurs and the anatomical axis around which it rotates.

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3 min

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(FRONTAL)

(MEDIAL)

(HORIZONTAL)

(SAGITTAL)

(VERTICAL/POLAR)

(BILATERAL)

Relationship between Planes, Axes & Movement

Describing Position and Movement

• anterior - front surface of the body
• posterior - back surface of the body
• superior - refers to structures being closer to the top of the body (not including arms and legs)‏
• inferior - refers to structures being closer to the lower part of the body (not including arms and legs)‏
• medial - towards the midline or mid-sagittal
• lateral - away from the midline or mid-sagittal
• proximal -towards the upper segment of a limb
• distal - towards the lower segment of a limb

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