Global core and periphery

Hong Kong MIKE CLARKE/AFP/Getty Images

What the syllabus says ….

Discuss the spatial pattern of global interactions through the mapping of core areas at the focus of interaction (network hubs/nodes), the peripheries and areas relatively unaffected by these interactions.

The Global Economy – Basic features

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• Single World market – Producers produce to exchange rather than use. Price is determined on a global scale.
• 3 Geographical tiers – Core / Semi Periphery / Periphery

Source:http://greenfieldgeography.wikispaces.com/Global+core+and+periphery

Mapping core and periphery

• Complete the Core and Periphery map activity

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• Using the maps below and information from the ‘Global Interactions’ textbook (p.14-21), draw your own map to show the present pattern of Core, Semi-periphery and Periphery countries.

Global core and periphery

Global Economic Triangle of the CORE

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North America

Western Europe

East Asia

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High Income Countries.

Main trade flows are between these three areas.

Countries in this core have diversified economies, with high output, high purchasing power and large domestic markets.

First waves of NICs – South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore (now HICs)

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Outside this core, the global periphery is a location of cheap raw materials or cheap manufacturing or a market for the core to “dump” their surplus products.

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Global merchandise trade

Source:http://www.dhl.com/content/dam/Campaigns/gci2014/dhl_gci_2014_merchandise_trade_cart-tab.jpg

Pattern: main trade flows are between Europe, North America and East Asia.

Source: http://www.dhl.com/content/dam/Campaigns/gci2014/dhl_gci_2014_merchandise_trade_cart-tab.jpg

Wide range of countries SEMI PERIPHERY

Second wave of NICs or RICs – e.g. Malaysia, Mexico, South Africa

BRICs – Brazil, Russia, India, China.

MINT countries – Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey

Resource exporting countries – Middle East oil exporting states (HIC in income but not in other measures)

Former Socialist Countries – e.g. Central Asia

Poorer East European Countries – e.g. Rumania

Some of these countries are characterised by regional disparities and social polarisation (Brazil) others with very rapid economic growth (China and India)

The excluded PERIPHERY

Lower Middle Income Countries and Low Income Countries.

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Mainly Sub-Saharan Africa.

Small domestic markets, lack of infrastructure, population increase, low economic output, low levels of economic diversification, high agricultural population.

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The spatial pattern of global interactions

Car ownership 2011

Internet Users 2013

Source: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/site-content/wdi/maps/2017/maps-wdi-2017-sec-5-internet-use.png

Influential global cities are the hubs/nodes of the global interactions in the global economy

Global cities

The global economy is dynamic

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For example the spatial decentralisation (diffusion) of many economic activities.

Until recently this was seen as the diffusion of manufacturing away from the Core to Semi Peripheral areas.

Now we can observe diffusion in services and an increasing decentralisation of coordination and control operations.

Think of other examples of the dynamic nature of the global economy

It is this dynamic nature of the global economy which leads the complex and changing patterns and trends of global interactions which we will study in Higher Level Global Interactions …..leading to economic, environmental, sociocultural, political and local outcomes.