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Ice Drilling Program

School of Ice

Decoding Ice Cores

Developing Proxy Mathematical Models

www.icedrill-education.org

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Today’s Agenda…

  • Physical Models-Ice Balloons
  • Proxy Model-Supply and set-up check
  • Background proxy measurements
  • Data collection
  • Graphing & process data
  • Proxy mathematical model development

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Physical Models

  • Open Ice Balloon
  • Observe and sketch: carefully-record five things you notice when carefully observing the frozen balloon.

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Physical Models-Strengths and Weaknesses

  • Using a frozen balloon as an ice core model…
  • Observe and record 2-strengths, 2-weaknesses

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Physical Models-Strengths and Weaknesses

  • Frozen balloon as a model of Greenland…
  • Sprinkle rock salt on the top of balloon, add 1-2 drops of blue food coloring. Observe and capture some images on your phone.
  • Google “Greenland surface melting, images”. Compare your balloon to Greenland images.
  • Record 2-strengths/similarities, 2-weaknesses/dissimilarities

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Decoding Ice Cores

Developing Proxy Mathematical Models

Set-up Check

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Your Classroom Ideas

Developing Mathematical Proxies. Bill G.

Proxy data are preserved physical characteristics of the environment that can stand in for direct measurements.

Proxy mathematical models are developed using relationships between data that can be measured directly.

After establishing a relationship, proxy mathematical models are then used to obtain estimates of data that cannot be directly measured.

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Your Classroom Ideas

Page #

Developing Mathematical Proxies Bill G.

What are some ways that you could calculate the amount of thermal energy absorbed by this hot patch of ocean water?

  • Use the volume as a “proxy” for mass
  • Determine the relationship between volume and mass…
  • Use the measured volume to obtain a “proxy” mass estimate.

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Your Classroom Ideas

How does the mass of salt H2O change if different volumes of salt H2O are added to

a cup?

The goal of this mini-investigation is to use direct measurements of mass and volume to develop a mathematical proxy model that can predict the mass of large volume of salt water. 

Developing Mathematical Proxies Bill G.

This will be done by finding the mass of different volumes of salt water that are poured into a measuring cup or graduated cylinder.

IV:

DV:

Different volumes of salt water

Mass of the salt water

Volume of

Salt Water (mL)

Mass of

Salt Water (g)

Investigable Question:

0 ml

0 g

230 ml

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Your Classroom Ideas

0 50 100 150 200 250

Mass of Salt Water (g)

Volume of Salt Water (mL)

Mass vs. Volume of Salt Water

Developing Mathematical Proxies Bill G.

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Relationship: The data suggest…

Y-Intercept: The Y-intercept on this graph shows…

Your Classroom Ideas

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Your Classroom Ideas

0 50 100 150 200 250

Mass of Salt Water (g)

Volume of Salt Water (mL)

Mass vs. Volume of Salt Water

Developing Mathematical Proxies Bill G.

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Relationship: The data suggest…

Y-Intercept: The Y-intercept on this graph shows…

Slope: The slope of this graph is…

Run = 250 mL

Rise = 300 g

Slope = 300g. = 1.2 grams

250mL. mL

Your Classroom Ideas

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Your Classroom Ideas

0 50 100 150 200 250

Mass of Salt Water (g)

Volume of Salt Water (mL)

Mass vs. Volume of Salt Water

Developing Mathematical Proxies Bill G.

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Relationship: The data suggest…

Y-Intercept: The Y-intercept on this graph shows…

Slope: The slope of this graph is… 1.2 grams/mL. This suggests that for every 1 mL of salt water added, the mass increased by 1.2 grams.

Run = 250 mL

Rise = 300 g

Slope = 300g. = 1.2 grams

250mL. mL

Mathematical Model: Y= mX + b

Mass of Ocean (g) = ( 1.2 g/mL ) * Volume of Salt Water (mL)

Volume = 500 mL Mass = ?

Volume of Pacific = 1.4 x 1022 mL Mass = ?

Your Classroom Ideas

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Your Classroom Ideas

Page #

Developing Mathematical Proxies Bill G.

Example #1

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Your Classroom Ideas

Developing Mathematical Proxies Bill G.

Example #2

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Your Classroom Ideas

Developing Mathematical Proxies. Bill G.

Proxy data are preserved physical characteristics of the environment that can stand in for direct measurements.

Proxies mathematical models are developed using relationships between data that can be measured directly.

After establishing a relationship proxy mathematical models are then used to obtain estimates of data that cannot be directly measured.

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Ice Drilling Program

School of Ice

Decoding Ice Cores

Developing Mathematical Proxies

www.icedrill-education.org

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