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Unit 3A Revolution, Terror and Napoleon

1785 - 1815 AD

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Unit Learning Targets Ch. 23 pg. 648

  • I can :
  • use vocabulary ; analyze graphs and map
  • describe factors that led to the French Revolution
  • summarize political reforms in France
  • describe the Reign of Terror
  • trace Napoleon Bonaparte’s rise to power
  • explain the collapse of Bonaparte’s empire
  • describe the influence of the Congress of Vienna
  • make connections with today’s political environment in the U.S.

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How would you describe an unfair government?

  • What, if anything, would inspire you to be an activist?

  • Would you protest peacefully?

  • What, if anything, would compel you to violent protest? To revolution?

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Why learn about the French Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte?

  • Enlightenment ideals continue to inspire people today.
  • The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen still inspire people to work for human rights.
  • The Reign of Terror has become a warning to democracies of the dangers of Radicalism and resorting to violence in order to enforce values.
  • The storming of the Bastille is a symbol of popular resistance to oppression.

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Why? continued

  • The French Revolution spread the ideas of democracy and nationalism around the globe.
  • The set of laws known as the Napoleonic Code shaped the legal system of much of the world.
  • Napoleon’s decision to sell the Louisiana Territory resulted in major expansion of a young United States.

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Vocabulary Set 1 -LT1

Access/Join Quizlet Rovello’s World History

French Revolution & Terror

https://quizlet.com/178147274/french-revolution-terror-flash-cards/

Categorizing Activity - next slide

Novel sentences practice

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Categorizing & Making Sentences

  • Match words with their definition
  • Determine the main idea found in each definition. For ex., “what is it’?
  • Group the words by some shared characteristic.
  • Decide on a label/category for each group. Create a label for each group.
  • Sort the words into lists for each category

Individually, choose 3 words and use them in an original sentence in a way that demonstrates you understand the meaning of the word.

For ex., The artisan in the village was skilled at making horseshoes.

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Categorizing & Making Sentences

  • Match words with their definition
  • Determine the main idea found in each definition. For ex., “what is it’?
  • Group the words by some shared characteristic.
  • Decide on a label/category for each group. Create a label for each group.
  • Sort the words into lists for each category

Individually, choose 3 words and use them in an original sentence in a way that demonstrates you understand the meaning of the word.

For ex., The artisan in the village was skilled at making horseshoes.

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Vocab Snapshot - French Revolution and Terror LT 1

Using your vocabulary list, please do the following:

1. Choose any 3 and paraphrase/reword the definition.

Example: a Conservative: someone who would like for kings/queens to have less power and to share powers with a governing body; someone who doesn’t like change.

2. Use any 3 vocabulary words in an original sentence. The sentence must demonstrate your understanding of the meaning of the word.

Example: The artisan in the village was skilled at making horseshoes.

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Basics

When: 1789-1799

Where: France

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Cast of Characters

Louis XVI (16th) King of France

Marie - Antoinette Queen of France

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VIPs

Jean Paul Marat

Jacobin Radical

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Causes

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The Old Regime

First Estate (1%)

  • The Clergy (church leaders)
  • Privilege and wealth
  • Own 10% of land, collected tithes, didn’t pay taxes
  • Provided some social services (education, charity)
  • Taxed peasants

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The Old Regime

Second Estate (2-3%)

  • Nobility
  • Owned land, little money income; paid no taxes
  • Hated absolutism
  • Feared losing privilege
  • Taxed peasants

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The Old Regime

Third Estate (98%)

  • Bourgeoisie(middle class), Peasants, Workers
  • Hated first and second estates
  • Burdened by taxes
  • Faced hunger and starvation

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  • Social Inequality -

Under the “old regime” everyone belonged to one of three classes.

Estates are the social classes.

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What does this picture represent?

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Make connections with today’s political environment in the U.S.

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Making connections...

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Cause #2

Enlightenment thinking allowed people to see flaws in the current system, or “old regime”

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Economic Trouble

  • For years, the French government had been deficit spending: a government’s spending more money than it takes in.

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Deficit Spending

  • A previous king left France in debt
  • Wars, general rise in costs, and expensive palaces were incredibly costly
  • To help pay, the gov borrowed more money

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Causes of the French Revolution

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Life for Peasants and for the Nobles

Go to google classroom and read one of the reading about either Peasants or Nobles, your partner will read the other one.

Answer on your piece of paper

What are some of the major life events that happen for your people?

What are some of the positive and negative aspects of your group's life

What did your group do for food and to survive.

Some up your group in two sentences

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Simulation

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Bellwork--February 8, 2017

1. Think of your assigned estate from yesterday, what was one of the goals from your estate? Was this goal achieved?

2. When is 99 more than 100?

3. Deep thought: Why are there interstate highways in Hawaii?

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De-brief from yesterday

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France’s economic crisis worsened, bread riots spread, and nobles denounced royal tyranny.

Louis XVI summoned the Estates General.

The Third Estate declared themselves to be the National Assembly and invited delegates from the other two estates to help them write a constitution.

When reform-minded clergy and nobles joined the Assembly, Louis grudgingly accepted it.

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Storming of the Bastille

On July 14, 1789, more than 800 Parisians gathered outside the Bastille, a medieval fortress used as a prison.

  • They demanded weapons believed to be stored there.

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Arrest of de Launay, by Jean-Baptiste Lallemand, 1790

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A German image from the 1700s, depicting the Bastille as a “living hell”

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“Nothing is more terrible than the events at Paris between 12th and 15th July… cannon and armed force used against the Bastille… the Estates declaring the King’s ministers and the civil and military authorities to be responsible to the nation; and the King going on foot, without escort, to the Assembly, almost to apologise… this is how weakness, uncertainty and an imprudent violence will overturn the throne of Louis XVI.”

King Gustav of Sweden, 1789

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Popular Revolts

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Popular Revolts

1789-Political crisis & worst famine in history

  • Starving peasants roamed the countryside
  • No money for food

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Popular Revolts

  • Radical group called the Paris Commune replaced the royal government of Paris
    • In the countryside, peasants attacked the homes of nobles

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“The old world must come to an end!

We want to be free! And France has not risen up alone. The civilized world have their eyes on Paris. They are waiting to free themselves in their turn.”

Group of Parisian Women, 1789

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In order to make changes, the French revolutionaries started the National Assembly.

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Reforms of the National Assembly

Political

Social/Economic

Religious

  • All male citizens equal
  • Limit power of monarchy
  • Legislative assembly to make laws
  • Tax-payers could vote to representatives
  • No special privileges for nobility
  • Taxes based on income
  • Compensated nobles for land seized by nobles
  • Freedom of religion
  • Sold church lands
  • State controlled the church
  • Priests elected by people

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Declaration of Rights of Man Activity

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Declaration of Independence

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

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Declaration of Independence

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed

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Declaration of Independence

That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to affect their Safety and Happiness.

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Declaration of Independence

Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.-- Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government.

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Bellwork--February 9, 2017

1. Valentine’s Trivia: Today we associate love with the heart, but this wasn’t always the case. In medieval times, which internal organ was believed to cause love?

2. Take out your comparing declarations sheet from yesterday. Use the next 8 minutes to complete.

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From National Assembly to Directory

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From National Convention to Directory

  • 1793- France was at war with ideas
  • To deal with threats to France, the Assembly created the Committee of Public Safety

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Committee of Public Safety

  • 12 member committee almost had absolute power
  • Prepared France for “war” between rebels in the country and Europe

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From Convention to Directory

  • The Reign of Terror lasted from about July 1793 to July 1794.
    • Under Maximilien Robespierre, some 40,000 people were executed at the guillotine.

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From Convention to Directory

  • In reaction, moderates created another constitution, the third since 1789.

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The Reign of Terror

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Bye Bye, Louis

  • Sensing his country was going down a bad path, Louis, Marie, and their children tried to escape France
  • Caught because a merchant recognized Louis’ face from the money

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Bye Bye, Louis

  • Tried for treason, beheaded
  • Marie Ant. beheaded 9 months later
  • Kids left in prison
    • Son died of TB from prison conditions
    • Daughter-miserable life of exile

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She was beheaded at 12:15 p.m. on October 16, 1793. Her last words are reported to have been, “Pardon me, sir, I did not mean to do it.” She accidentally stepped on the executioner’s foot while climbing the scaffold.

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Robespierre

  • Leader of the Committee of Public Safety
  • “Liberty cannot be secured unless criminals lose their heads.”
  • Jacobins-a radical group

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February 10, 2017

  • In your opinion, what was the most significant cause of the French Revolution?
  • What was the most popular method of execution in the F.R.?

3.

4.

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Bellwork--February 13, 2017

  • When is your quiz on the French Revolution?
  • Valentine’s Day Trivia:
    • How much will the average American spend on Valentine’s day gifts?
    • How many roses are produced nation-wide for Valentine’s Day?

Turn in your French Revolution Causes outline to the tray please! If you were absent, grab from the absent folder :)

  • $142.31
  • 198 Million

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Effects of the Revolution

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By 1799, the French Revolution had dramatically changed France. It had dislodged the old social order, overthrown the monarchy, and brought the Church under state control. Many changes occurred in everyday life.

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Changes in Daily Life

  • Women gained more rights than held previously
  • Titles were eliminated
  • Elaborate fashions were replaced by practical clothes

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Changes in Daily Life

  • People developed a strong sense of national identity.
  • Nationalism: strong feeling of pride in one’s country

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Age of Napoleon

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Third Stage of the Revolution

  • As the government got out of hand, people began to turn to Napoleon Bonaparte, a popular military hero

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France Under Napoleon

  • Consolidated his power by strengthening the central government.
    • Order, security, and efficiency

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Napoleonic Code

  • No privileges based on birth
  • Freedom of religion
  • Government jobs should go to the most qualified

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Europe

Redrew map of Europe

  • He annexed (added) areas to France

Controlled a lot of Europe through force

  • Put friends & relatives on thrones of Europe
  • Forced alliances

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Impact of Nationalism

Many Europeans saw Napoleon and his armies as foreign oppressors

Napoleon replaced king of Spain with his brother, but many Spaniards remained loyal to the former king.

  • Spanish conducted guerrilla warfare against French

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Never Invade Russia in the Winter

Nearly all of Napoleon’s 400,000 troops sent on a campaign in Russia died, most from hunger and the cold of the Russian winter

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Napoleon in Exile

1799 - military dictator

1804 - “last emperor”

1810 - ruled most of Europe

1812 - invaded Russia

1814 - first exile

  • Wanted son to take over, France said no
  • Escaped exile in Elba (1815)
  • Returned to Paris
  • Lost at Waterloo, sent to St. Helena (for life)

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Defeat at Waterloo (permanent exile)

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After Napoleon Messed Things Up…

Congress of Vienna

  • Goal: Everlasting Peace
    • Redrew map of Europe
      • To contain French ambition, they ringed France with strong countries
    • They promoted legitimacy: restoring hereditary monarchies

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Review for Quiz

  • 10-15 question quiz tomorrow on the basics of the French Revolution
  • Look over your “Terms to Know” sheet and the worksheets you have gotten back
  • We will start the project tomorrow after the quiz.

Crossword to help you review!