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Getting Started with Gender-Inclusive Cataloging

Best Practices for Trans and Gender Diverse Resources

K.R. Roberto, Ph.D. (he/they)

March 27, 2024

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About me

  • White settler living on unceded lands of the Bodéwadmi (Potawatomi), Kiikaapoi (Kickapoo), Myaamia, Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, Peoria, and Sauk and Meskwaki peoples
  • MS and PhD in LIS, University of Illinois
  • Cataloged various formats for various academic libraries
    • High point of career: creating the authority record for Dollywood
  • Instructor or TA for several LIS courses (mostly cataloging-adjacent)
  • Once won unofficial Best Presentation Title prize at an ASIS&T classification workshop [“Description Is a Drag (and Vice Versa)”]
  • Trans + nonbinary queer guy

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Where it first hit me

Gender identity--Literary collections.

Gays’ writings, American.

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Subject headings in current record

OCLC English-language headings

Gay people’s writings, American.

Gender identity.

Literary collections.

Literature.

LGBTQ+ people. [probably from Homosaurus]

Sexual minorities’ writings, American.

LC headings

Homosexuality.

Lesbians--Identity.

Gender identity.

Queer theory.

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Subject classification

LCSH & Homosaurus

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Hidden hierarchies

Authorized access point/terminology/heading

Variant terms

    • Narrower
    • Broader
    • Earlier/later

Related concepts

Scope notes

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Basic facts about the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH)

Library of Congress started assigning subject headings in the 1890s

First edition of Subject Headings Used in the Dictionary Catalogues of the Library of Congress (later known as Library of Congress Subject Headings) began publication in 1909

Initially to reflect LC’s own collection

Widespread use in English-language libraryland makes it “a device of cultural authority” (Hope Olson)

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A brief history of trans headings

Transsexualism

Transsexuals

Transvestites*

Female impersonators

Male impersonators

Adjacent terms:

    • Gender identity
    • Sexual minorities

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A brief aside about that last aside

Sexual minorities is LC talk for LGBTQ/LGBT/GLBT/GLBTQ people, all of which are variant terms

    • Intersex people (2007) aren’t represented here at all
    • And no queer people, since LC avoids using “queer”
    • Queer theory (2006) is a salient exception
    • Queer theory is related to the Gender identity (1991) heading
      • …which is used in nearly 1300 records in LC’s catalog

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A close reading of Gender identity

(SOME OF THE) NARROWER TERMS

  • Gender-nonconforming people--Identity (2023)
  • Gender transition (2020)
  • Intersex people--Identity (2007)
  • Libraries--Special collections--Gender identity (2021)
  • Transsexualism (1994)

RELATED TERMS (“SEE ALSO”)

  • Gender dysphoria (2023)
  • Queer theory (2006)

Cisgender people (2016) aren’t here at all, and neither are Sexual minorities

  • Only “deviant” genders get to have identities
  • Did they delete the T from LGBTQ?

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Contemporary trans lives in LCSH

Transgender people

    • Designed as a broader term for Transsexuals

May 2007

Two-spirit people removed as narrower term under Transvestites

    • Change requested by Karen Vigneault (Kumeyaay)

ca. 2007-2008

Gender nonconformity & Gender-nonconforming people

2017

Cross-dressers

2018

Minority transgender women

    • Are trans women supposed to be the only trans people of color?

2020

Drag queens & Drag kings authorized

    • Female (and Male) impersonators still around

2021

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The story of Transgender people, or, Who trans people get to be

NARROWER TERMS

Christian transgender people (2007)

Church work with transgender people (2007)

Jewish transgender people (2009)

Libraries and transgender people (2007)

Libraries—Special collections—Transgender people (2021)

Older transgender people (2018)

Social work with transgender people (2007)

Transgender men (2018)

Transgender women (2018)

Transsexuals (1985)

BROADER TERMS

Persons

No links to Sexual minorities or Cisgender people

  • Can the concept of trans people exist without the concept of cis people?

Sexual minorities

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Life outside the binary

Gender-nonconforming people

Variant terms include:

Gender-creative people

Gender-independent people

Gender-non-normative people

Genderqueer people

Non-binary people

Broader term is Persons (no, not Transgender people and of course not Sexual minorities)

Gender nonconformity

Here are entered works on the various manifestations of cross-gender orientation, such as cross-dressing, transsexualism, male or female impersonation, intersexuality, etc., treated collectively.

Gender nonconformity is trans, but Gender-nonconforming people are not

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Drag in LCSH

Drag queens

“Here are entered works on entertainers, especially men, who perform with over-the-top female clothing and exaggerated mannerisms. Works on men who dress as women for the purpose of playing a theatrical role, as a disguise, or as a humorous or political statement are entered under Female impersonators. Works on persons who assume a dress and manner not generally associated with their gender for psychological gratification are entered under Cross-dressers.”

[Drag kings has the same scope note with the genders swapped]

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Drag queens vs. Female impersonators: a checklist

Drag queens

  • Especially men
  • Entertainers
  • Over the top female clothing
  • Exaggerated mannerisms

Female impersonators

  • Men dressed for theatrical roles
  • Humorous
  • Political
  • In disguise

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Some recommended LC headings

Children of transgender parents (2007)

Cisgender people (2016)

Gender-neutral toilet facilities (2015)

Gender-nonconforming children (2019)

Social work with transgender youth (2007)

Transgender Day of Remembrance (2017)

Transgender librarians (2007)

Transmisogyny (2024)

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Homosaurus

Developed in 1993 by merger of University of Amsterdam’s Homodok archive and the Anna Blaman Huis collection (now called IHLIA LGBTI Heritage); Jack van der Wel and Ellen Greenblatt debuted English-language version in 2013

Implemented by the Digital Transgender Archive in 2015; editorial board created in 2016

Public linked data vocabulary as of Version 2 (2019)

Agender people; Hormone blockers; Lateral transphobia; Non-binary neurodivergent people; Tucking

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The Slurs category

Description: Insulting or discriminating remarks, innuendos, or names intended to demoralize a person, typically by disparaging that person's identity or social group. Generally, for a term to be considered a slur, it must be derogatory towards a particular person or group, it must be used to subordinate them within some structure of power relations, and the derogated person or group must be defined by an intrinsic property such as their race, sexual orientation, gender identity, etc. This category includes terms considered slurs at any point in their usage. Therefore, some of these terms may no longer be considered universally derogatory, may be in common usage, or may be selectively reclaimed by certain groups.

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The slurs themselves

RELATED TERMS

  • Deadnaming
  • Harassment
  • LGBTQ+ discrimination
  • LGBTQ+ persecutions
  • LGBTQ+ slang
  • Reclaimed terms

NARROWER TERMS

Agi

Ali

Bading

Bakla

Bantut

Bayot

Berdache

Chakka

Dykes

Faggots

Fairies (Gay culture)

Khteuy

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Non-Euro-American Gender and Sexual Identities

Definition:

Broad term describing gender and sexual identities specific to regions outside of North America and Europe.

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Non-Euro-American Gender and Sexual Identities

    • Köçek [Turkish]
    • Mak nyahs [Malaysian]
    • Muxe [Zapotec]
    • Nádleehi [Navajo]
    • Pangender people
    • Burrnesha [Balkans]
    • Eunuchs
    • Femminiello [Neapolitan]
    • Yīnyángrén [Chinese]
    • Winkté [Lakota]
    • Guevedoche [Dominican Republic]
    • Hijra [Hindi]
    • Tumtum [Israeli]
    • Two-spirit people [Indigenous North America]
    • Brotherboys [Indigenous Australian]

Narrower terms [excerpt]

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Power and praxis

Working around LCSH, in order of (relative) ease & retention possibility:

  • Quoted note (500), when applicable
  • Contents note (505)
  • Summary note (520)
  • “Regular” note (500), depending on format
  • Local subject term (69x; 650 _7 $2 local if controlled)
  • Uncontrolled index term (653)

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Who draws what lines?

  1. LCSH cites surgical status as one distinction between Transgender people and Transsexuals. How can this affect trans people’s rights to privacy and safety?
  2. LC does not link Two-spirit people with trans people. Homosaurus does the opposite, grouping numerous non-Western (and some English-language) terms for gender into a broad category. How can these approaches threaten the white/Western settler colonialist framework in which both transness and hierarchical classification models reside?
  3. How do we classify works by and/or about a person who appears, from a contemporary perspective, to have been trans, yet existed before the term had come into use?

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Numeric classification

LC & Dewey numbers

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Current DDC numbers for trans lives

300 Social sciences

306 Culture and institutions

306.7 Sexual relations

306.76 Sexual orientation, transgender identity, intersexuality

306.768 Transgender identity and intersexuality

“Including female-to-male transgender people, male-to-female transgender people; hijras […] gender nonconformity, transsexuality; gender nonconforming people, transgender people, transsexuals”

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Crossdressing in DDC

306.7 Sexual relations

306.77 Sexual and related practices

306.771 Pornography

306.772 Masturbation

306.773 Group sex

306.774 Oral sex

306.775 Sadism

306.776 Masochism

306.777 Fetishism

306.778 Transvestism

“Class here cross dressing

Class female impersonation, male impersonation in 792.028”

792.028 Acting and performance

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LC Classification

HQ The family. Marriage. Woman

HQ12-449 Sexual life

HQ73-77.965 Sexual minorities. LGBTQ people. Queer people

[HQ73.8-.85 Gender nonconformity]

HQ74-74.9 Bisexuality

HQ75-76.965 Homosexuality. Lesbianism

HQ76.97-77.2 Cross-dressing. Transvestism

HQ77.7-.965 Transsexualism. Transgenderism

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Breaking it down further

HQ77.93

    • Transgender parents

HQ77.94.S48

    • Transsexualism. Transgenderism. Special topics—Sexual behavior

HQ77.96

    • Transphobia. Transgender discrimination—General works

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Special topics, A-Z in LC Classification is always a good source of textual analysis

Drama—Special types—Vaudeville. Varieties—Special topics, A-Z

PN1969.C65 Comedy acts. Stand-up comedy

PN1969.D73 Drag shows. Drag performance

PN1969.H85 Human body

PN1969.M5 Minstrel shows

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Description and access

Naming is power

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The name game

  • Descriptions are (somewhat) static, but people are not
  • Names change, as do our opinions on when to acknowledge these changes

Respect self-identification

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One practice you can start immediately

Don’t want to misgender someone? Bracket their chosen name

Testo junkie : sex, drugs, and biopolitics in the pharmacopornographic era / [Paul B.] Preciado

The last time I wore a dress / [Dylan] Scholinski

Ich, Anderson Bigode / [Anderson] Herzer

Revolting librarians redux : radical librarians speak out / edited by [K.R.] Roberto and Jessamyn West

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Not just personal names

“There are literally tens of thousands of people who have heard of my book but haven’t read it, and for whom George is the only name they have for Melissa. People who have gotten yet another cue, this time from a nonbinary writer who advocates for LGBTQIAP+ youth of all places, that a trans girl ‘starts out as a boy’.”—Alex Gino

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Access points for trans creators

Authorized form of person’s name

Variant forms

    • Earlier names
    • Fuller forms

Associated places

Occupation

Gender

Works cited

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The most common ways to traumatize trans people in their authority records

Deadnaming in variant forms of name

Explicitly outing them as trans

Misgendering people

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Real-life examples

[Warning: Upsetting name references and misgendering follow. Here is one of my cats complaining about it.]

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Two kinds of deadnaming

Authorized form of name: Scholinski, Daphne

Variant name: Scholinski, Dylan

Works cited: The last time I wore a dress, 1997: title page (Daphne Scholinski)

Artist website, January 16, 2019: (Dylan Scholinski was born Daphne Scholinski. Dylan resides in Denver, Co. and is a distinguished artist, author and public speaker)

Authorized form of name: Jaquays, Paul

Authorized form as found in DNB (via VIAF): Jaquays, Jennell‏, 1956-2024

…and the rest of the unknowable number of people who transitioned after their authority record was created

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500 __ $a Agency removed by cataloger.

Authorized form of name: Herzer, Sandra Mara, 1962-1982

Variant name: Herzer, Anderson, 1962-1982

Work cited: Her Ich, Anderson Bigode, 1990 […] (occasionally identified herself as a male; some poems signed Anderson Herzer)

Authorized form of name: Huxtable, Juliana, 1987-

Biographical note:  Juliana Huxtable (1987- ) is an interdisciplinary artist and writer living in New York City, working with themes of identity, the body, fashion, and countercultures, among others. She was born intersex, and began her transition after college.

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Inconsistent gendering

Authorized form of name: Vaid-Menon, Alok

Field of activity: Transgender people [?]

Gender: male

Work cited: Their website, viewed Jan. 4, 2023

Authorized form of name: Gillman, Melanie

Gender: Women

Work cited: Wikipedia website, Nov. 15, 2017 (Melanie Gillman; American queer non-binary cartoonist, illustrator, lecturer)

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Multiple issues

Authorized form of name: Morris, Jan, 1926-2020

Gender: Males 1926-1972

Females 1972-

Variant name: Morris, James Humphrey, 1926-2020

Authorized form of name: Yang, Neon

Gender: Gender minorities

Variant name(s): Yang, J. Y. Neon

Yang, J. Y. Neon

Yang, June

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A positive note (and a caveat)

Current NACO/PCC recommendations:

  • Don’t record gender
  • Respect author/creator preference when developing authorized form of name

  • No guidelines about updating records

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Ideas

Thoughts and resources

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Complex questions

When we talk about “access,” what do we mean?

When we talk about “users,” who do we mean?

Does all trans knowledge need to be shared?

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Not always a consensus

Reconciling cataloging ethics with syndetic structures is incredibly difficult!

  • Words and names can be non-hierarchical, contextual, and deeply personal
  • Editorial opinion: Information wants to be free, but so do trans people

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Some useful resources

COLLABORATION

BACKGROUND READING

Equitable Knowledge Organization/Queer KO

“Gender Variance and Transgender Identities.” In Ethical Questions in Name Authority Control, edited by Jane Sandberg. Sacramento, CA: Library Juice Press, 2019.

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Thank you!