Presidents
James Monroe
&
John Quincy Adams
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T. Jefferson VP federalist dept of Navy | Louisiana Purchase embargo midnight judges Marbury vs Madison judicial review Madison sec of state dem-republican “will of the people” reduce govt. | War of 1812 impressment Battle of lake Erie Andrew Jackson armistice Treaty of Ghent Battle of New Orleans William Henry Harrison Oliver Hazard Perry IN, OH | American System Missouri Compromise -Tallmadge Amendment -Henry Clay -Monroe Doctrine -John Q Adams Sec State Panic of 1819 Era of Good Feelings Last of VA dynasty MO, ME. MS, AL, IL | -Erie Canal -Advanced the American system -Improved internal trade. -attempted to recognize native American land -attempted better relations with south American non-colonial govts. -Corrupt Bargain | -Indian removal Act -Trail of Tears -Petticoat Affair -Bank of the US -spoils system -Jacksonian Democracy -Nullification -John C Calhoun |
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James Monroe
Biography and Facts
James Monroe was the last American Revolution Veteran to serve as president
←------This is him right here. He was part of the crew that crossed the Delaware with Washington and attacked the Hessian mercenaries at Princeton and Trenton.
Young James Monroe
While in college, his first act of rebellion was to join several classmates and raid the arsenal of the British royal governor, escaping with weapons and supplies that they turned over to the Virginia militia .
James Monroe began his presidency like George
Washington, by taking a presidential tour of the
new country.
His trip through the northern states
took fifteen weeks.
More Americans had seen him than
any previous President.
A newspaper in Boston described
Monroe's reception there as the beginning of
an "Era of Good Feelings"
While James Monroe was President
States entering the Union
Slave – Free
Mississippi Illinois
Alabama Maine
Missouri
“The Era of Good Feelings”
-one party...for a little while -democratic republicans dominate politics
-the Monroe Doctrine - The European powers are starting to lose their colonial territories. The US wants to make sure these countries stay out...Things are quiet in foreign relations for once..
-the American System. This was an attempt by some (mostly northern) members of congress to improve trade by improving roads, canals and manufacturing in the US but southerners resist it.
The First Seminole War
Seminoles & Florida
During the 1700’s, southeastern Indian tribes moved into the unclaimed lands of Florida.
These tribes became the Seminole (Indians)
The Spanish claimed Florida.
Escaped slaves were given freedom and land if they made it to Florida. Spain enlisted them as a local militia.
English Pirates (Buccaneers) used Florida’s coast as a base.
SO- After, the War of 1812, Andrew Jackson wanted to go into Florida to defeat the Seminoles, drive out the Spanish and hang the English Pirates.
Rush Bagot Treaty
A treaty signed after the War of 1812
USA and England
Purpose: to defuse military tensions on the Great Lakes
-it limited the number of ships and weapon sizes.
It demilitarized the boundary between Canada and the USA.
-Increased trade
-US and England shared control of Oregon
The Supreme Court Takes Shape
Marbury Vs. Madison McCulloch vs. Maryland
I’m William Marbury. I was a Federalist Judge appointed by John Adams.
I’m James McCulloch. I ran the Maryland branch of the US National Bank
John Adams waited until the last minute (midnight) to appoint judges because he wanted to trick Jefferson.
BUT he forgot to give me my papers -so I sued
I’m John Marshall, Supreme Court Chief Justice.
Marbury loses the case because the facts didn’t support him BUT I wrote
JUDICIAL REVIEW as part of the case. It was like a secret ‘un-do’ rule where the court can change things in the future
The state of Maryland wanted to tax my bank as a way to ‘punish’ it and force it out.
They also said, the Bank was unconstitutional
I wouldn’t pay the tax.
I’m Roger Taney, Supreme Court Chief Justice.
McCulloch won his case. We decided that Congress did indeed have the power to make this bank.
The case reflected the conflict between state’s power and federal
I am also the judge in the Dred Scott case
The Panic of 1819
-a severe economic depression that
Took place after the war of 1812
-expansion of the US led to the creation of new territories and new ‘banks’
-many of these banks were shady like a poker game with Nick Fitch
-these banks were loaning money on loose credit (loaning money to people who couldn’t afford it)
-The US moves away from trade with England and tries to function by itself.
-The Panic starts when the new US Bank tries to regulate credit.
A treaty between the
USA and Spain
-it ceded (gave) Florida to the US
-It also marked Spanish claims in TX
Henry Clay
The Busiest, Most Complicated Man in US History
Planter & Slave owner founder of Liberia
Statesman American
Lawyer Father of the Great Compromise
Negotiator Grudge holder
Backroom deal maker unifier
Southerner Father of the American System
Dueler Missouri Compromise
Secretary of State Enemy of Andrew Jackson
Supporter of South American Revolution Whig
Born in VA 1777
His wife’s Grand nephew is the painter Thomas Hart Benton
Henry Clay and his wife had 11 kids. He outlived 6 of them.
He moved from VA to Kentucky.
Clay began as a state senator
He was actually too young to be elected but snuck in anyway.
Eventually, he became a representative instead.
His speaking skills got him nominated to be Speaker of the House 3 different times.
Clay was sent to negotiate the Treaty of Ghent
-He knew the English wanted peace so he
Pushed them to guarantee rights to the Mississippi
The Great Compromise (of 1850)
Mexican War
Missouri Compromise
Nullification Crisis
The Corrupt Bargain
The American System
Transportation
protection of trade
manufacture improvements
-East Coast manufacturers needed new markets (people to buy their products)
- no way to get products to new states
-The Southern economy was agricultural - lacked internal roads - transportation & the South traded with England more than it traded with the Northern States
-Southern plantation owners felt that the American system hurt them because England would charge them more for manufactured goods.
-Southern Plantation owners shipped their cotton / tobacco to England so they didn’t need roads. They felt like the American System only benefited the North.
-The new Western territories were also disconnected from manufacturing centers in the East.
-The result was a Market Revolution: East coast manufacturers now had more customers. New businesses were created to sell and distribute goods out West. This made more people move too.
What:?
A plan created
by Henry Clay
Why:?
to improve the American economy & connect the new regions
-”market revolution”
The American System
Transportation
The money for the construction would come from high tariffs on foreign goods and new taxes
Which would be supported by a strong Federal government and a new National Bank
The American System
called for the
construction
of roads & canals
transportation
manufacturing
-protection
HOW??
Which could be used to transport manufactured goods
from the east to the rest of the US &
it could move southern products
New inventions and manufacturing methods vs. the cottage industry
New Territories Become States
-As they do- a divide is created in the USA
over one question…
Will the new state allow slavery or not?
-While Monroe was President the Balance of Slave and Free States Was Delicate
- as new states enter -Conflict arises
The Missouri Compromise solves the issue of slave state representation, temporarily
Free Slave
Sectional Tensions Grow
The Southern States
GA SC NC VA, MS, LA AL
-these were the rural, agricultural states.
-sparsely populated
-big slave owners voted
-they didn’t want any more free states added because it gave it would take away their labor advantage
-they needed to import manufactured goods.
tariffs hurt them
The Northern States
PA, NY, MA, NH, CT, R.I.
-these were the oldest, more established states.
-manufacturing centers
-they wanted to protect American manufacturing from European imports (wanted tariffs)
-they didn’t want any more slave states added because it gave those states a labor advantage
-they needed to import textiles
“Western” States
-these were the newest states
-small farms, ranches
No slavery
-North wanted them to buy manufactured goods
South wanted to extend slavery and agriculture to the west
disconnected from the rest of the USA -no roads-little trade -little interaction
-people moved west and stayed there
The Monroe Doctrine
A policy established by- President James Monroe
in 1823 during a speech to the House of Representatives
European or colonial presence in the Western Hemisphere.
European powers in the region was a direct threat to the safety of America.
John Quincy Adams
The Life of John Quincy Adams
Born to
the 2nd President
of the USA
1767 1775 1781 1800-02 1803
At age 14 JQA
accompanied
the US diplomat
to Russia
He
watched the
battle of Bunker
Hill as it happened
1800 his father loses
re-election
but 1802 JQA elected to
Massachusetts Legislature
Elected to US Senate
1808-09 1812 -1814 1823 1824 up to 1828
JQA, a federalist,
supports Jefferson’s
Embargo Act
-breaks with party
becomes a
dem- republican
-resigns his senate seat
Chosen by Madison
-diplomat to Russia
-Signs of Treaty
of Ghent after war
of 1812
As Monroe’s
sec of state,
JQA wrote the
Monroe Doctrine
Runs for president
against Southerners
and Westerners
ties with Andrew Jackson
-Henry Clay Sp. of House
votes for Adams and later
is appointed to Adam’s
cabinet
-the CORRUPT Bargain
as president, JQA
faced terrible opposition
-attempted to update
scientific aspects of USA
patents, education, surveys of
land -geo- weights and measures
-tariff of abominations
-Ugly campaign vs Jackson
1828
Events of John Quincy Adam’s Presidency
-Backlash every step of the way, JQA gets no love
Northwest agricultural markets are now connected to the Atlantic ocean trade. His opponents say he is abusing his power.
J.Q.Adams orders all ports connected to British colonies closed in response to “secret exclusive trade agreements made by Britain” He does this in support of American manufacturing but southerners are angry because they need British goods.
The Prime Minister of Nicaragua suggests the creation of a canal. This would pre-date the Panama canal...but JQA gets zero support for the idea.
The Tariff of Abominations ruins J.Q.Adam’s chance for reelection, well that and the Corrupt Bargain
J.Q.Adams attempts to establish relations with new governments forming in recently independent Latin American nations. –gets shut down by Congress because Southern members see it as recognizing ‘colored’ governments.
Washington | Adams | Jefferson | Madison | Monroe | J. Q. Adams | Jackson | Schmutli’s Shoe Closet |
100 cabinet | 100 dept of navy | 100 dem repub | 100 party | 100 era of | 100 1st pres to? | 100 why did he get | 100 which was a state 1st ohio or Va |
200 2 members of cab | 200 xyz | 200 Louisia | 200 impressment | 200 2 reasons | 200 connected waterways | 200 nullifica | 200 What state gave Jackson problems? |
300 whiskey | 300 alien sed | 300 marbury vs mad | 300 Oliver H Perry | 300 3 examples of | 300 corrupt bargain | 300 petitcoat | 300 Name a female soccer |
400 citizen genet | 400 ky va | 400 embargo | 400 erie champlain new orleans | 400 monroe | 400 Jackson won this but | 400 trail of tears | 400 4 teachers not at old lhs |
500 jay’s treaty | 500 how did a and s 1st am | 500 changes jeff made | 500 William h harrison | 500 am system | 500 relation with | 500 how did he shut bank | 500 Havarti Gouda Limberger |
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