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BRAINSTORMING.

What is happening in these pictures?

What happened before?

Did WWI end all wars?

Is the end of All Wars possible?

Have you ever listened these words?

First World War
Women´s suffrage
Communist
Dictatorship
Avant-garde

Could you define their meanings using this structure?

A/an-the...……is a/an………. what, who, which ……………….

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WAR AND REVOLUTION 1914-1923

Rivalries between European countries had resulted in the formation of alliances.

Economy was dominated by military needs. Industrial and technological advances were used to manufacture weapons.
Society was transformed by the war. Women worked in factories.
Russia´s participation had severe efforts on its population.
Spain remained neutral.
The Avant-garde movement influenced art.

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2. THE FIRST WORLD WAR

2.1 The causes of the war.

At the end of the 19th century, there had been sources of tension:

France wanted to recover Alsace-Lorraine which it had lost in 1871.
Austro-Hungarian empire occupied and annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina. This led to nationalist protest on the part of Serbians living in Bosnia. It angered Russia, Serbia´s traditional ally.
European countries expanded their empires in North Africa. The competed by the control of colonies.
Britain and Germany became involved in a naval arms race. Battleships (acorazados)

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THE KEY FACTOR

On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated by a Serbian gunman in the Bosnian city of Sarajevo. His death triggered the sequence of events that led to the First World War: the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia, blaming the Serbs for the archduke´s death.

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2.2 THE WAR´S PARTICIPANTS AND PHASES.

After the war´s declaration, European countries chose sides based on their pre-existing alliance and interests. Two alliances emerged which fought each other.

PARTICIPANTS IN THE WAR:

The Central Powers or Triple Alliance (Potencias Centrales o Triple Alianza): The Austro-Hungarian Empire was supported by the German Empire, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria.
The Allied Powers or the Allies (Potencias Aliadas o los Aliados):Serbia was supported by Great Britain, France, and the Russian Empire. Later, they were joined by Japan, Romania, The United States, Greece and Portugal.

Italy was a member of the Triple Alliance, it remained neutral at the the beginning of conflict. In 1915 Italy joined the Allied Powers, hoping acquire territories belonging to the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

PHASES OF THE WAR.

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ALLIANCES BEFORE THE FIRST WORLD WAR

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PHASES OF THE WAR

There were three main phases:

Initial German offensives 1914:

The German Empire made several rapid offensives, invading Belgium using the Schlieffen´s plan, which was neutral, as well as the north of France. At the same time, german forces were fighting to prevent Russian advances in the east.

Plan Schlieffen English

Plan Schlieffen Español

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2. Trench warfare and new allies 1915-1917:

In 1915, the western front between Germany and the Allies stabilised and a period of trench warfare began. In 1917, the United States entered the war in support of the Allies, but the Russian Empire began to collapse as a result of the Russian Revolution.

Trench warfare

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3. Allied victories and the armistice 1918:

Russia withdrew from the war, but the Allies achieved a number of victories both in the east and the west. After a political revolution took place in Germany, Kaiser, Wilhem II addicated and the armistice was signed on 11 November 1918.

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Quizlet activity “ The First World War”

KEY WORDS ACTIVITY:

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3. ECONOMY AND SOCIETY DURING THE WAR.

THE WAR ECONOMY

Most economic activity was directed towards the military effort. Industry concentrated on producing supplies and equipment for the armed forces, including food, uniforms, weapons and vehicles. Many recent inventions were also used in the war, such as telephone, the telegraph, armoured tanks, aeroplanes, submarines, grenades, machine-guns, heavy artillery and poison gas.

The production of consumer goods decreased. As a result, there were shortages of some products and prices increased. In response governments introduced rationing systems to distribute foods and basic items. Some people bought and sold things on the black market.

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SOCIAL EFFECTS OF THE WAR.

Men were conscripted or recruited into the armed forces. Advertisements were often used to encourage patriotism and convince young men to enlist in the armed forces.

Men went to war and women had to replace them in many areas such as offices and factories. After the war, many women wanted to continue working but they received lower salaries than men did.

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4. THE POST-WAR WORLD.

4.1 The peace settlement

Representatives of the Allied Powers met at the Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920) to decide the conditions that would be imposed on the defeated Central Powers.

United States President Woodrow Wilson proposed to promote reconciliation between participants in the war. This rejected by Allied countries that had been devastated during the conflict, such as France.

The peace treaties.

The Allies ratified five treaties at the Paris Peace Conference. The Treaty of Versailles established severe terms for Germany:

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it could not have tanks or an air force
it had to return Alsace-Lorraine to France and the German region of East Prussia was divided from the rest of the country by a corridor of land that was given to Poland.
it had to pay reparations to the European Allies
it had to sign the war-guilt clause

The treaty of Versailles would become the source of problems because the German people felt humiliated by its harsh conditions.

The League of Nations

During the Paris Peace Conference, Wilson proposed the establishment of the League of Nations- an international organisation that would guarantee peace and prevent future wars. The defeated Central Powers were not allowed to join the League at first. The United States did not become a member neither.

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The consequences of the First Word War

The most significant consequences of the war were:

Death and injury the war produced millions of casualties. This reduced the population and the available work-force in post-war.
Material destruction -the fighting destroyed cities, factories, farmland and infrastructure such as roads, bridges and ports. These material losses did great damage to the european economy.
Economic decline -Europe lost it leadership a needed loans from United States to rebuild. The United States became the world´s leading economic power.
New European States -The map of Europe changed as a consequence of the peace treaties. The german, Austro-Hungarian, Russian and Ottoman Empires ceased to exit. New states were created, including Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary,, Yugoslavia and Finland.

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Colonial changes - The Paris peace treaties gave Allied Powers control over colonies or regions that had belonged to the central Powers before the war. They are known as mandate territories.

The most benefited countries from the mandates were Great Britain, which gained control over Iraq and other parts of Middle East and France; which gained control over Syria and Lebanon.

Video “The end of the War”

Woodrow Wilson fourteen points

Quizlet fourteen points

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New states after the first World War.

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Authentic material.

This is a huge novel that follows five families through the world-shaking dramas of the First World War, the Russian Revolution, and the struggle for votes for women. It is 1911. The Coronation Day of King George V. The Williams, a Welsh coal-mining family, is linked by romance and enmity to the Fitzherberts, aristocratic coal-mine owners. Lady Maud Fitzherbert falls in love with Walter von Ulrich, a spy at the German Embassy in London. Their destiny is entangled with that of an ambitious young aide to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson and to two orphaned Russian brothers, whose plans to emigrate to America fall foul of war, conscription and revolution. In a plot of unfolding drama and intriguing complexity, Fall of Giants moves seamlessly from Washington to St Petersburg, from the dirt and danger of a coal mine to the glittering chandeliers of a palace, from the corridors of power to the bedrooms of the mighty.

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