Portfolio: www.iccjoc.me
PBL - Grade: 4C
Teacher: Elena Jumaischi
How animation is made?
Apple|Ap & Paul down
Project by: IOAN CRISTIAN CHELARU
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Some Thanks!
2. Vocabulary
4. Steps of creating an animation
5. References
1. Introduction
3. Needed
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1. Introduction
Animation is the art of bringing life to an otherwise inanimate objects, or illustrated / 3D generated characters.
It is created by projecting sequenced images quickly, one after another, to create the illusion of life.
2D Hand-Drawn Animation might be called traditional animation or cel animation.
I prefer the term hand-drawn animation because that define its most important aspect:
the fact that it is drawn by my hand.
In the old days, animators drew characters frame by frame, and then those drawings were transferred onto clear acetate sheets called cels for painting. That's where the term cel animation comes from.
Through the 1990s almost all animation studios stopped using cels and started scanning drawings into the computer for digital coloring, and now many hand-drawn animators skip paper altogether and draw directly into the computer using a tablet or WACOM.
So hand-drawn animation could be done entirely analog or entirely digitally, or some mix of the two. The important thing is that hand drawn animators still create their animation frame by frame using the same techniques and principles as in those old days of paper and cels.
Section 1: Introduction
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2. Vocabulary
Timeline
The timeline is the part of the animation software
that represents the animation's progress over time.
I used the timeline to make changes to the timing
of the animation, as well as the position of the elements.
Frame Rate
The frame rate of an animation is the number of individual images (or frames) that are being displayed over the span of one second. It is a setting you can adjust in the animation software.
Animation is usually done in 24 frames per second (FPS). But for you to actually see it and understand it, I reduced to 4 FPS.
Section 2: Vocabulary
2. Vocabulary
Working on One's & Two's
Working on One's or Two's is a term used in hand drawn animation.
Working on one's would mean doing a new drawing over every single frame of the animation.
Working on two’s means holding each drawing for two frames, so one second of animation at 24 frames per second would only be 12 drawings, not 24.
In 2D animation working on two's looks fine in most instances, and there are even cases where drawings can be held longer, as I did.
Shots & Scenes
Normally in live action filmmaking, the term 'shot' refers to the images between camera edits, while a scene is all the shots and dialogue that take place at a particular location for a continuous block of time.
In animation, however, we often use the term 'scene' and 'shot' interchangeably. When we talk about a scene/shot, we often refer to one specific continuous piece of animation in between camera cuts.
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2. Vocabulary
Keyframes | Breakdowns | Inbetweens
Key frames, breakdowns and in-betweens are important terms, but they mean slightly different things depending on the type of animation.
In hand drawn animation, keyframes (or just keys) are the major important poses that define the scene.
Breakdowns come between keys and define what the motion from key to key will be.
In-betweens are all the frames that come in between to smooth out the motion.
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2. Vocabulary
Timing | Spacing | Easing
Timing, spacing and easing are closely related terms.
Timing means the total number of frames that will be used for a movement. Spacing is the amount of change that comes between each frame. Decreasing the spacing, makes an object slower, while increasing the spacing makes it look faster.
In digital animation, easing is how spacing is controlled, usually through a motion graph on the timeline.
Onion Skinning
When animating, it's very useful to be able to see more than one frame at a time.
In paper animation this is done by having multiple drawings on a light table, but in modern animation programs there's often a feature called onion skinning.
It lets you see semi-transparent representations of the
frames behind or ahead of the current frame you’re
working on.
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2. Vocabulary
Compositing
Compositing is the process of putting all the individual pieces of a scene together to create the final visual output.
You might have a background, multiple characters, and some scenery all being developed separately.
Compositing is how all those pieces get put together into a single scene.
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Keywords
3. Needed
To do this project, I needed:
Graphic tablet
Knowledge of computer drawing
Designing soft
Inspiration for story and characters
Most important: passion for animation
Section 3: Needed
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4. Steps of creating animation
1. Story
The first (and probably the most important) part of making any film is a good story. If you don’t get your story right from the start, then no matter how great your film looks, people will not enjoy watching it. Story comes first.
In animation, the story often evolves and changes during production, since you're not restricted to whatever shots you got on set, so the more work you put into developing your story, the more you reduce wasted time during production.
So, I created first a story in my mind: I imagined 2 friends who are trying to get an apple from a tree and something funny was supposed to happen. Not only I named the characters: Ap and Paul (because combining them it sounds like Apple) and the story is about an apple, but the apple will fall down and also 2 friends will fall down.
2. Script
Once the idea for the story was ready to put into words, the next step was writing the script. It’s important to transfer the idea into words as soon as you can, so that you can spot any issues with the story before getting into production.
“One day, first character was walking through the garden and saw one red apple in a tree. He wanted the apple and wondering how he can get it. Than his friend is approaching with a stick and they decide to use it. He tried to use the stick to climb on the tree but it was too slippery. Than, they think they can climb one on each other to get the apple down…”
3. Concept Art
Once the script is ready, concept art is often created to establish the visual style of the film.
That’s a really fun step, and is the first chance you get to see parts of the film come to life on paper.
It’s all about exploring and trying things out.
Section 4: Steps of creating a animation
4. Steps of creating animation
4. Storyboard
Next is creating a storyboard, which is probably one of the most important steps in figuring out the film.
Storyboarding allows you to look at your film as a whole and spot story and pacing issues. Making one also provides you with something you can show other people for feedback. Most people react better to a storyboard than a script.
Once you're happy with the boards, you move on to creating an animatic.
5. Animatic
An animatic is the movie version of your storyboard.
If storyboard is like a comic book, then an animatic is like a movie.
You bring all the boards into an editing program and edit them with the correct timing, add some temporary music and sound effects (just enough to convey the different story beats), and when we're done we have the first version of our film ready to watch.
As great as a storyboard is, an animatic really gives you a first glimpse into what our film is going to be like.
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4. Steps of creating animation
6. Creating Assets
At this point, depending on your animation medium of choice, you'll be creating the different assets for you film.
For 2D animation I'll draw the background, finalize the character design sheets, and if necessary - rig the characters in my 2D animation software.
7. Animation
You're finally ready for animation!
This is where you finally bring life into the film. The characters start to move, and you can see the soul of the film come to life in front of you. It’s an amazing thing to see, but it also takes a long time. Done incorrectly, it can ruin your movie. Bad animation is like bad acting: Even if the writing and story are solid, people won’t notice if the delivery is all wrong.
I first created 3 layers: one for one for the tree, including the background; one for the apple; one for character Ap and later for Paul
With these 3 layers created, I’ve started working on the layer for the tree, taking into account that this layer will not change.
I have created the tree and the ground on this layer.
Than I’ve started drawing the apple on the same layer.
The next layer I’ve worked on was Ap’s layer:
Afterword I have continued to draw intermediate frames in order to obtain the full movement of ap until he finished the action as walking from the entrance of the screen until he arrived at the tree.
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4. Steps of creating animation
8: Texturing | Lighting | Rendering | Editing | Color correction
Once images are composited and ready, you bring them back into editing program, you are now able to see your finished film on the editing timeline for the first time, but, it’s not really finished yet. You need to do some color correction and grading. Color correction is the process of manipulating the colors of each individual shot so that it matches the one the comes before/after it.
9. Music | Sound design
You have to make sure the film works with the music.
Music is not usually something you simply slap on at the end, and so I prefer to have it with me throughout the production so it becomes an integral part of the story.
Then finalize all the film’s sound effects like folly, ambiance and voices, as well as mastering and mixing in the final audio of the film.
From the beginning I imaged my characters walking by the music “Lemon tree”, even if I had an apple tree ☺
And of course, timing the beats of the rhythm with the fall of the apple and of the characters …
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5. References
Software:
- Adobe Animate – www.adobe.com
- OBS Studio – www.obsproject.com
- MS Paint – www.Microsoft.com
- Audacity – www.audacityteam.org
- WeVideo – www.WeVideo.com
Hardware:
WACOM One – www.Wacom.com
Acquired Knowledge:
«Video Production & Editing" – Logiscool courses
www.Skillshare.com – online learning platform with creative classes
www.bloopanimation.com/animation-for-beginners
The Animator's Survival Kit - book by Richard Williams
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End
PowerPoint Presentation
Section 5: References
Thank you for staying this far!
It takes long to make these pptx. Files for your viewing and I realy like it when people see what has been put in the files to make them what they are.
I congratulate you for making it this far and sticking with me!
- Ioan Cristian Chelaru
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Some Thanks!