Writing Process
Overview of the Writing Process
The writing process consists of five key stages that help writers develop clear and well-structured compositions.
Overview of the Writing Process
Prewriting
-Planning stage where writers brainstorm ideas, research, and organize thoughts
Drafting
-Creating a rough version, focusing on expressing ideas rather than perfecting grammar or structure
Revising
-Reviewing and improving by adding, removing, or reorganizing ideas for better clarity and coherence
Overview of the Writing Process
Editing
-Checking for grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence structure errors
Publishing
-Sharing the final version in print, online, or through presentations
Overview of the Writing Process
Understanding and following these stages helps writers produce more effective and polished pieces.
Lesson Purpose:
1
The purpose of this lesson is to help understand the importance of prewriting as the first stage of the writing process. By engaging in prewriting activities, will learn how to generate ideas, organize their thoughts, and plan their writing effectively.
By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
Identify the role of prewriting in the writing process.
Use different prewriting techniques such as brainstorming, clustering, and outlining.
Organize their thoughts before drafting to improve clarity and coherence in writing.
Lesson Purpose:
This lesson will equip with essential skills to make the drafting stage smoother and more structured.
Unlocking Content Vocabulary
Match the following writing activities to the correct stage of the writing process. Write P for Prewriting, D for Drafting, R for Revising, E for Editing, and Pu for Publishing.
1. _____ Checking for spelling and grammar mistakes.
2. _____ Writing the first version of your paragraph or
essay.
3. _____ Brainstorming ideas and making an outline.
4. _____ Adding or removing sentences to improve clarity.
5. _____ Sharing your work with the class or posting it on a bulletin board.
ANSWERS:
1. E
2. D
3. P
4. R
5. Pu
Prewriting
Prewriting is the thinking and planning the writer does before drafting and throughout the writing process, including considering the topic, audience, and purpose;gathering information; choosing a form; and making a plan for organizing and elaborating ideas.
Reasons for Prewriting
- Students who use prewriting strategies are more effective writers because they are able to more successfully choose and narrow a topic.
Reasons for Prewriting
- Prewriting also helps writers develop the topic and plan how to write about it.
Why is it Important?
▸ Prewriting helps you:
-Organize your thoughts�-Begin your research
-Explore ideas that might have otherwise
-been undiscovered
Common Pre-Writing Strategies:
1. Freewriting
2. Brainstorming/Listing
3. Clustering/Mapping
4. Journalistic Questions
1. Freewriting
Jotting down all ideas on a particular topic on paper even before researching about it
1. Freewriting
Does not require complete sentences, proper spelling, or correct punctuation and grammar
1. Freewriting
About 10 to 15 minutes to write everything that comes to mind even if it doesn't necessarily make sense yet.
Example (Freewriting of a student who needs to write a paper about the environment):
I have to write a paper about the environment. I have no idea where to start! I know there are many problems with the environment, but I don't know much about this topic. Maybe I could take a look at my biology book to come up with some ideas. I know my biology professor is also really into the environment, so maybe I could ask for his help. I remember he was talking about hybrid cars in class the other day and how much better those are for the environment. What is a hybrid car? I know it uses some sort of alternative fuel and they are becoming very popular. Maybe that is something I could write about.
�2. Brainstorming/Listing
-Capturing all thoughts, ideas, and fragments in one's head and writing them down on paper
· Similar to freewriting, but:�
-Freewriting = paragraph
-Brainstorming = list
Example (Brainstorming of a student who needs to write a paper about the environment):�Environment�Problems�Future�Cars�Alternative fuels�Hybrid cars�Costs�Benefits?
3. Clustering/Mapping
1
a. Placing the general subject in a circle in the middle of a blank sheet of paper
2
b. Draw other lines or circles that shoot out from the original topic.
3
c. Grouping the ideas that seem to go together
Example (Clustering of a student who needs to write a paper on the value of a college education)
4. Journalistic Questions
· Asking and answering who, what, when, where, why, and how questions about the subject��
· Especially useful when describing a event or writing an information report/essay
Journalistic Questions Example
1
Who is involved in the conflict?
2
What issues most clearly divide those engaged in this dispute?
3
When did the troubles in the Middle East begin, and how have they developed over time?
4
Where does the conflict seem most heated or violent?
5
Why have those living in this area found it so difficult to resolve the situation?
6
How might this conflict be resolved?
SUB-TOPIC 1: PREWRITING
1. Explicitation
FishBone Concept Map
Reflection Questions
1
Visualization
How did creating the concept map help you visualize and understand the concept of writing as a journey?
2
Insights
As you created the concept map, what insights did you gain about your own writing process and journey?
3
Application
If you are tasked to write an expository essay right now, what is the first thing that you need to do?
2. Worked Example
Making Ripples (Practice Task)
Processing Questions
1
What factors did you consider to narrow down your group's topic?
2
What did you do during your brainstorming activity? Who led the brainstorming activity?
3
How did the pictures help you in brainstorming ideas for your possible essay topic?
4
Did you find any brainstorming techniques or strategies helpful in gathering ideas?
5
What insights or discoveries did you gain in this prewriting activity?
S.O.S: Save Our Seas! Activity
-The students work individually in answering this prewriting activity in preparation for their problem-solution expository essay. Using the pictures shown during the ‘Island of Ideas’ activity as their point of reference, the students brainstorm ideas, thoughts, and associations through the image prompts below. The students choose one idea or concept that resonates and is significant to them. Then, they begin gathering information about the idea or concept.
S.O.S: Save Our Seas! Activity
Step 1: Choose a Topic
Select one idea or concept that resonates and is significant to you
Step 2: Gather Information
Begin collecting relevant information about your chosen topic
Step 3: Identify Target Readers
Determine who your audience will be for your essay
Step 4: Define Purpose
Clarify your purpose for writing this essay
Step 5: Create Outline
Develop an outline for your expository essay
Grading Rubric
Criteria
Points
Conciseness and relevance of topic/idea to the prompt
10 POINTS
Significance and comprehensiveness of data list
10 POINTS
Organization outline of essay
10 POINTS
TOTAL
30 POINTS
Worksheet:
Synthesis/Extended�What you have learned�In a one sheet of paper write something you understand about the lesson we discussed today.
Evaluation Quiz:
Choose the correct answer for each question. Circle the letter of your answer.
Quiz Question 1
Which of the following happens during drafting?
a) Ideas are turned into sentences and paragraphs
b) The final paper is submitted
c) Sentences are rewritten for clarity
d) Spelling mistakes are corrected
Quiz Question 2
What should a writer avoid during the drafting stage?
a) Writing freely without worrying about mistakes
b) Focusing too much on grammar and spelling
c) Organizing thoughts logically
d) Developing main ideas
Quiz Question 3
Why is prewriting important?
a) It helps in structuring the content before writing
b) It finalizes the document for submission
c) It checks for grammar mistakes
d) It allows students to skip revisions
Quiz Question 4
A writer's first draft is expected to be:
a) Perfect and ready to publish
b) A rough version of ideas
c) Completely free of errors
d) Ready for final review
Quiz Question 5
Which of the following tools can help during prewriting?
a) Mind maps and outlines
b) Spell check and grammar tools
c) Formatting guidelines
d) Final proofreading techniques
Quiz Answers
1. a) Ideas are turned into sentences and paragraphs
2. b) Focusing too much on grammar and spelling
3. a) It helps in structuring the content before writing
4. b) A rough version of ideas
5. a) Mind maps and outlines
Thank You!