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TRADERS , KINGS AND ,PILGRIMS

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How to find out about tarde and traders

  • Black Gold :
  • South India was famous for gold , spices ,esepecially prpper, and precious stone.Pepper was particularly valued in the Roman Empire , so much so that it was known as Black Gold.
  • Traders carried many of these goods to Rome in ships ,across the sea and by land in caravans.

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Monsoon Winds

  • There were others across the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal , where sailors took advantage of the monsoon winds to cross the seas more quickly.

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New Kingdoms along the coasts

  • Muvendar :
  • This is Tamil word meaning three chief used for the heads of three ruling famillies the Cholas , Cheras and Pandyas.

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  • Each of the three chiefs had two centres of power
  • Cholas : Puhar or Kaveripattinam
  • Pandyas : Madurai
  • The chiefs did not collect taxes ,Instend they demanded and received gifts from the people.

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Satavahanas

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  • Satavahanas become powerful in westren India.
  • The most important ruler of the Satavahanas was Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni.
  • He and other Satavahana rulers were known as lords of the Dakshinapatha .
  • Mening of Dakshinapatha is entire sothern region.

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The story of Silk Route

  • Techniques of making silk were 1st invented in China around 7000 years ago.
  • Some people from China who went to distant lands on foot , horseback and on camel , carried silk with them. The paths that followed came to be known as the Silk Route.

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Silk Route

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Krushanas�

  • The best known of the rulers who controlled the Silk Route were the Kushanas.
  • Who ruled over central Asia and north west India around 2000 years ago.
  • Their two major centres of power were Peshawar , Mathura.
  • Taxila was also included in their Kingdom
  • The Kushanas were amongst the earliest rulers of the subcontient to issue gold coins.

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The spread og Buddhism

  • The most famous Kushana ruler was Kanishka, who ruled around 1900 years ago.
  • He organized a Buddhist council.
  • Ashvaghosha a poet who composed a

biography of the Buddha the Buddhacharita.

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A new form of Buddhism known as Mahayana

  • 1 ) The Buddhas presence was shown in sculptre by using certain signs.
  • 2 ) The 2nd change was a belief in Bodhisattvas.
  • These were supposed to be persons who had attained enlightenment .Once they attained enlightenment , they could live in compelete isolation and meditate in peace.

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Ashvaghosha and Buddhacharita

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  • Some of these caves were made on the orders of kings and queens, others by merchants and farmers.

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The quest of the pilgrims

  • 1) Fa Xian - 1600 years ago
  • 2) Xuan Zang - 1400 years ago
  • 3) I Qing - who come about 50 years after

Xuan Zang

They came to visit places associated with the life of the Buddha as well as famous monasteries.

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Xuan Zang and I Qing

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The beginning of Bhakti

  • This was also the time when the worship of certain deities.
  • These deities included Shiva Vishnu and Durga
  • The idea of Bhakti is present in the Bhagavad Gita, a sacred book of the Hindus.
  • Geeta included in the Mahabharata .
  • Those who followed the system of Bhakti emphasised devotion abd individual worship of a god or goddess.

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  • According to this system of belief if a devotee worships the chosen deity with a pure hears, the deity will appear in the form in which he or she may desire.