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Cause and Effect

Earth Materials ─ Grade 1

Hook ─ Lesson 1

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What Causes Volcanoes to Erupt?

  • Under the earth, there are large plates made of rock sitting on top of magma or melted rock
  • When the plates move, they create pressure
  • When there is too much pressure, the magma pushes through the plates, into a chamber under the volcano and then through cracks in the earth

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What are the Effects of Volcanoes?

  • The magma builds up inside the volcano and starts to spill out.
  • It is super hot, but eventually cools down as it stops moving.
  • It is very dangerous and can hurt living things.
  • When the magma is pushed into the volcano, the volcano erupts

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  • Lava flows from the top and sides of the volcano

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  • The ash and lava can damage trees, lakes, animals and buildings

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cause

    • Pressure inside the earth causes magma to flow into cracks in the crust

effect

    • The lava flows out of the top and sides of the volcano

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    • The lava damages trees, lakes, animals and buildings

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What Causes Earthquakes?

  • Underneath the earth’s surface, giant plates of rock bump into each other
  • This causes the earth to shake and crack

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What are the Effects of Earthquakes?

  • Because the earth shakes and cracks, there is a lot of damage to houses, buildings, streets and cars

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cause

    • Deep in the earth, big plates of rock bump into one another and cause the earth’s surface to shake and crack

effect

    • The shaking �and cracking causes damage to houses, buildings, streets, and cars

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What Causes a Tsunami?

  • When an earthquake happens underneath the ocean, the water forms a long wave

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  • The giant wave moves towards the land

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What are the Effects of a Tsunami?

  • When the wave hits the shore, it can destroy everything in its path

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cause

  • An earthquake under the ocean creates a huge wave that moves toward land

effect

  • When it hits land, the crashing wave destroys everything in�its path

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National Geographic Tsunami Video:

http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/�environment-natural-disasters/tsunamis/tsunami-101/