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Quality IEP Development

Presented by:

Jan Edwards

Learning Consultant

Linn-Benton-Lincoln Education Service District

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Objectives 

  • You will be able to identify the required informational components of a well written Present Levels of Academic Achievement and Functional Performance (PLAAFP).
  • You will be able to identify the required elements of a well written goal.
  • You will be able to identify supports needed for the student to master the goal (SDI, accommodations, related services for example)
  • You will be able to identify the "through-lines" that connect all the components of a quality IEP

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PLAAFP requirements defined by State and Federal Law

Descriptions should include a narrative and supporting data; assessment results alone do not meet the requirement.

Descriptions should include skill-specific statements and reference multiple sources of information.

Descriptions must address student strengths, needs, and how the disability affects involvement and progress in general education curriculum for academic achievement and functional performance, including parent input and concerns.

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Common Errors

Required components are not included:

*Parent input for both AA and FP, including concerns, are omitted.

*Academic and functional strengths and/or needs of the student are omitted

*Unclear “impact statement” or one that does not describe how the disability affects involvement and progress in general education curriculum

*Statements that indicate a clear misunderstanding between academic achievement and functional performance such as a statement saying, “no functional needs at this time” followed by a paragraph in the academic ·   achievement section that identifies concerns with social interactions with peers.

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Breaking Down the PLAAFP

 Student Strengths Interests, and Preferences—An often underestimated area of the IEP. This area should have depth and meaning that can help inform practice and the establishment of rapport

 �           EXAMPLE 1

Student’s overall strengths, interests, and preferences: 34 CFR 300.324 (a)(1)(i)

�Strengths: Jane’s teacher reported that she has a very creative imagination, good verbal skills and is articulate. When she sets her mind to something, and she feels like she has the confidence to get it correct, she will begin immediately and stay on task until it is done. Jane stated on in-class lesson that she thinks her best strength is “talking to other kids and working with them on projects.” She said her favorite subject was, “ART!”

Interests: When Jane was asked to complete a lesson in class asking her what she likes to do at school, she said she loves math even though it is sometimes hard to do. She also really enjoys science and art class. Her teacher noted at the IEP meeting that she is a “natural helper” and in art class she often offers to help other students. Jane also told her teacher in conversation that when she is at home she likes to play with her pets and stated, “I want to be a vet when I grow up so I can help sick animals.”

�Preferences: Jane was given an in-class survey to determine how she learns best. The survey indicated that she is very tactile and likes to be creative (art/clay). She responds positively to encouragement and these added praises give her the motivation she needs to complete assignments. She prefers using manipulatives / hands-on activities when learning. Jane’s teacher also noted that Jane likes to work in small groups rather than alone, 

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Student Strengths, Interests and preferences

Example 2  

 Strengths: Johnny is able to understand some grade level math concepts. He can speak in complete sentences and take care of his own basic needs. He is friendly towards adults and peers.�Interests: Johnny likes Star Wars, Transformers, and computer games. He enjoys building and putting things together. Recently, Johnny has started to make imaginary projects out of paper. He’s very interested in outer space and would like to be an engineer/astronaut.�Preferences: Johnny prefers to work 1:1 with an adult near and "helping" him. He prefers typing and creating to written work. 

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Breaking Down the PLAAFP

Parent Input

A. Never omit Parent Input

B. Make Parent Input meaningful.

C. Do not roll Parent input over from the previous IEP.

                                Example 1

Input from parent(s) in the areas of academic achievement and functional performance, including concerns for enhancing the education of their child:34 CFR 300.324 (a)(1)(ii)

During the Eligibility and IEP meetings Jane’s Mom stated that she is very concerned about Jane getting so far behind and how that impacts her feelings about herself. When her self-esteem drops she loses confidence in herself  and questions what she is capable of doing. Her mom reports that this holds her back - not only academically but socially and emotionally as well.

Jane’s Dad said at the IEP meeting that he was concerned with Jane possibly being labeled or ostracized at school by other students - or even her teachers. She has expressed inequality and feelings of sadness related to, kids making fun of her and she feels like her teachers thinks she is stupid sometimes.

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Parent Input and Concerns

Additional Examples

  • Parent/Guardian is pleased with reading progress but still has concerns related to …
  • Parent/Guardian indicates student is still struggling with homework content
  • Parent/Guardian reports that student does well with younger siblings and may do well as peer tutor
  • Parent/Guardian expresses concern that student is unsafe on community outings

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Academic Performance

  • Present level of academic performance (i.e. reading, writing, mathematics, etc), include most recent evaluation data and performance on State or district-wide assessments
  • Classroom Data in all academic areas Including strengths and needs
  • Progress on goals and next steps

�• How the student’s disability affects involvement and progress in the general education curriculum 34 CFR 300.320(a)(1); 300.324(a)(iii)

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Functional Performance

  • Present level of functional performance (not limited to, but may include communication, social skills, behavior, organization, fine/gross motor skills, self-care, self-direction, etc), including the results of initial or most recent formal or informal assessments/observations

�• Strengths of the student

�• Needs of the student

�• How the student’s disability affects involvement and progress in the general education curriculum 34 CFR 300.320(a)(1)

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 More Common Errors 

Data provided is not current or recent; outdated information identified as “present levels” of performance and functioning

Descriptions are not specific as skills and are written in terms of general subject areas, such as reading, written language, mathematics, etc.

Present level statements that conflict with information in other documents, such as academic, cognitive, adaptive scales, evaluation results, etc.

Present levels that are essentially duplicated from one year to the next

Information is not provided objectively and/or with supporting data

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Goals

  • Based on the Present Levels, what does the team want the student to know, understand, and be able to do in one year's time.

  • Goals must be realistic, appropriately ambitious, and aligned to the general content area standards.

Note that, while aligned, goals are not a re-listing of standards. Every student is to be taught to standards. The IEP team must determine the priorities for this student's education in order to allow them to access the general curriculum given the unique nature of each student's needs.

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Important Points-Goals and Objectives

  • Each goal must align with baseline data in the present levels of performance
  • Goals may be related to academic or functional standards
  • All areas of Specially Designed Instruction (SDI) must have at least one goal
  • Students taking the Extended Assessment for a subject area must have measurable, short-term objectives as part of the goal, although the Goal is written as a stand-alone goal
  • A district may determine how to indicate alignment to standards (by domain, strand, cluster, or standard language) in a way that is meaningful and understandable to all team members
  • Goals should be written to meet the S.M.A.R.T. Goals Guidelines: (S) Specific, (M) Measureable, (A) Attainable, (R) Relevant, and (T) Time-bound

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Goals and Objectives-Common Errors

  • Annual goals written in a manner that do not align to the S.M.A.R.T. goal format
  • Annual goals that are written in a vague manner such as “will increase reading decoding skills” or “will appropriately interact with peers” 
  • Annual goals that rely on the short-term objectives to make them measurable; meaning the annual goal is vague and the objectives are written with the details needed to fulfill the S.M.A.R.T. goal format

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Goals and Objectives Common Errors Continued

  • Annual goals that do not identify “how progress will be measured”

  • Annual goals that do not identify “how progress will be reported, including frequency”

  • Goals are not aligned to the present levels

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Example goals

Academic-

  • Given a specific writing prompt, Jane will write a well-organized, five paragraph essay using the five steps of the writing process (planning, draft, revising, proofing, and editing) that contains correct conventions, supporting details and evidence to convey understanding of the topic with 90% accuracy, as measured by district writing rubric. 

  • When given a geometric figure, Johnny will name and determine the measure of the angles 8/10 times with 80% accuracy 

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Example Goals

Functional

  • Given a visual online schedule of assignments and grades, Jane will plan, organize and complete assigned tasks in a timely manner with 95% accuracy, as measured by the number of assignments turned in on time. (Gather data from teacher grade books in Science, History, English and Math.)

  • Jane will demonstrate the ability to accurately recognize her level of anxiety through the use of a visual self-rating system (e.g. feelings thermometer) with 80% accuracy, as compared to teacher observations and data.

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Special Education Supports (Service Summary)

  • What supports must be provided in order for the student to master the set goals?
  • This includes, but is not limited to specially designed instruction (SDI), accommodations, modifications, assistive technology, accessible educational materials, related services, and supplementary aids and services.
  • The team must also consider the appropriateness of extended school year services at least annually.

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Specially Designed Instruction Part 200 of the Commissioners Regulations Section 200.1 – Definitions Section 200.1(vv)

 Adapting, as appropriate to the needs of an eligible student, the content, methodology, or delivery of instruction to address the unique needs that result from the student’s disability; and to ensure access of the student to the general curriculum, so that he or she can meet the education standards that apply to all students.

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Placement

  • Service provision arises from the unique needs of the individual student in order to obtain mastery of goals and to access the general education curriculum

  • The placement determination is what the IEP team agrees is the least restrictive environment allowing the student to work towards goal and standards mastery.

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Meeting Notes

  • The meeting notes are where you document the team process in creating the IEP.

  • The meeting notes document that the team addressed every component area of the IEP

  • There should be no new information presented in the meeting notes

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Sample Meeting Notes Statements

  • "Procedural Safeguards were explained and a copy was offered,which the parents accepted. 
  • The team discussed Maggie's strengths, interests and preferences. Maggies parents expressed concern in the area of....The team addressed their concern by...
  • We reviewed Maggie's present levels of academic achievement and functional performance.
  • Based on this information the team developed goals in the areas of...
  • After reviewing all the existing information the team determined the services and least restrictive placememt for Maggie to work toward mastery of her goals.
  • The team, including Maggie and her parents agreed to all aspects of this IEP.

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Through-Line

  • The “Through Line”, sometimes called “The Golden Thread” is the information thread from Present Levels to Goals to Services to Placement.

  • The IEP team uses well documented and data based present level information in order to determine what they want the student to know, understand, and be able to do in one year's time. From this the team develops annual goals. Again, taking into consideration, present levels and annual goals, the team determines what supports must be provided in order for the student to master the goals as well as the least restrictive setting in which the supports can be provided in order for the student to attain mastery.

  • The through-line connects all the components of a quality IEP.

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Resources

  • Toolkit for Writing High Quality IEPs
  • Oregon IEP
  • Present Levels (PLAAFP)
  • Goals
    • Goal Writing Template/Guide

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Resources Continued

  • LBLESD –Electronic Special Education Manuel
  • http://behaviorpsych.blogspot.com/p/goal-bank.html
  • https://www.bridges4kids.org/IEP/iep.goal.bank.pdf