Algonquians 1500:�
Paste text or images here
Map
Websites
Instructions: �Highlight the facts you feel are “significant” or that “reveal” something about the time or society. Colours can be used to categorize the facts by their “aspect”. Research further.
I give an example from a document:
I establish the fact:
Write sentence here
Explain examples here
Document:
Aspects:
Instructions: Based on Establish Facts (RECITUS badge and guide Elementary version)
Identify the “document” that helped you. (text, image, etc.). Specify the aspect(s)
Write a sentence about an important or revealing fact.
Give an example from a document you used (an image, text, video, artifact, etc.)
Political
Demographic
Cultural
Economic
When?
Where?
What?
Who?
Source
Source and process described at Societies & Territories Toolkit: Research Process Planner
Algonquians 1500:�
The Algonquian territory’s resources
Paste text or images here
The Algonquian territory’s resources
Hunting and fishing�To feed themselves, the Algonquians relied on the resources of the forests, lakes and rivers on their territory. In the forests, they could hunt big game like moose, caribou and black bear. They could also find smaller game such as hare, beaver, squirrel, raccoon, and partridge. In the many lakes and rivers that surrounded them, the Algonquians fished for trout, pike, carp and salmon.
Gathering�The forest was overflowing with plants, fruits and vegetables that served as food, spices and medicine. For example, the Algonquian people used wild leek and cattail to make remedies. In the forest, they also picked fruit like blueberries, strawberries, raspberries and blackberries.
The types of forests�Most of the Algonquian territory was covered by boreal forest, which mostly contains conifers (fir, spruce, etc.). Those who lived further north were surrounded by a subarctic forest, which was made up of small conifers that were spaced further apart. The Algonquians used wood and bark to build wigwams.
Text
Websites
Instructions: �Highlight the facts you feel are “significant” or that “reveal” something about the time or society. Colours can be used to categorize the facts by their “aspect”. Research further.
I give an example from a document:
I establish the fact:
Write sentence here
Explain examples here
Document:
Aspects:
Instructions: Based on Establish Facts (RECITUS badge and guide Elementary version)
Identify the “document” that helped you. (text, image, etc.). Specify the aspect(s)
Write a sentence about an important or revealing fact.
Give an example from a document you used (an image, text, video, artifact, etc.)
Political
Demographic
Cultural
Economic
When?
Where?
What?
Who?
Source
Source and process described at Societies & Territories Toolkit: Research Process Planner
Algonquians 1500:�
The Algonquian territory
Paste text or images here
The Algonquian territory
The territory inhabited by the Algonquians was very large. It stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Rocky Mountains. Most of the inhabitants lived in the coastal regions of the Atlantic Ocean and Hudson Bay, and in the regions surrounding Iroquoia. Most of this territory was forested, but some regions were more mountainous. The territories inhabited by the Algonquian people were quite cold but those who lived further south enjoyed fairly hot summers.
The Canadian Shield�Most of the Algonquian nations lived in the region known as the Canadian Shield. Farming was difficult in this region because it was covered with rock and forests. So the Algonquian people ate game such as hare or partridge, which they could find in the forest, and the fish that populated the many lakes and rivers of the Canadian Shield.
The Climate�As can be seen on the map, the Algonquians who were further south lived in a humid continental climate where the winters are shorter. Those who lived a little further north had a subarctic climate where the winters are much longer and colder.
Text
Websites
Instructions: �Highlight the facts you feel are “significant” or that “reveal” something about the time or society. Colours can be used to categorize the facts by their “aspect”. Research further.
I give an example from a document:
I establish the fact:
Write sentence here
Explain examples here
Document:
Aspects:
Instructions: Based on Establish Facts (RECITUS badge and guide Elementary version)
Identify the “document” that helped you. (text, image, etc.). Specify the aspect(s)
Write a sentence about an important or revealing fact.
Give an example from a document you used (an image, text, video, artifact, etc.)
Political
Demographic
Cultural
Economic
When?
Where?
What?
Who?
Source
Source and process described at Societies & Territories Toolkit: Research Process Planner
Algonquians 1500:�
Around 70 000 people
Paste text or images here
Around 70 000 people
In 1500, there were about 70 000 Algonquians in Eastern Canada. By comparing the size of the territory they occupied and their numbers, we can imagine they were scattered across their lands. It is difficult to know exactly how many Algonquian people there were. Why? Because they did not do censuses as we do today or as the Incas in South America did at that time.
A group of clans�The Algonquians were Indigenous peoples who shared similar languages, but who did not form a single, united group. They were divided into several nations. The nations that belonged to the Algonquian people had the same language, habits, nomadic way of life and culture. However, each nation was different in its own unique way. Each nation was made up of a few bands, which were groups of 35 to 75 people from two or three families. The following nations belong to the Algonquian people: the Abenaki, the Algonquin, the Atikamekw, the Beothuk, the Cree, Maliseet, the Micmac, the Innu and the Naskapi.
Text
Websites
Instructions: �Highlight the facts you feel are “significant” or that “reveal” something about the time or society. Colours can be used to categorize the facts by their “aspect”. Research further.
I give an example from a document:
I establish the fact:
Write sentence here
Explain examples here
Document:
Aspects:
Instructions: Based on Establish Facts (RECITUS badge and guide Elementary version)
Identify the “document” that helped you. (text, image, etc.). Specify the aspect(s)
Write a sentence about an important or revealing fact.
Give an example from a document you used (an image, text, video, artifact, etc.)
Political
Demographic
Cultural
Economic
When?
Where?
What?
Who?
Source
Source and process described at Societies & Territories Toolkit: Research Process Planner
Algonquians 1500:�
Oral tradition
Paste text or images here
Oral tradition�
We have very little information about Indigenous peoples from this time because they did not have a written language. Instead, things of the past and knowledge were passed on orally. This is called oral tradition. It is hard to know which individuals were important to the Algonquian people because they did not leave any written records.
Where does our knowledge of Indigenous peoples come from?�The fact that there were no documents written by Indigenous people before the arrival of the Europeans explains why our knowledge of them was limited. We do not know exactly who they were, how they lived, what they thought or what they dreamed about. But we do know some things about Indigenous societies around 1500. This information comes from archaeological discoveries and testimonies written by the first Europeans to arrive on the North American continent. It also comes from observing Indigenous societies today and the oral traditions that they had maintained.
Text
Websites
Instructions: �Highlight the facts you feel are “significant” or that “reveal” something about the time or society. Colours can be used to categorize the facts by their “aspect”. Research further.
I give an example from a document:
I establish the fact:
Write sentence here
Explain examples here
Document:
Aspects:
Instructions: Based on Establish Facts (RECITUS badge and guide Elementary version)
Identify the “document” that helped you. (text, image, etc.). Specify the aspect(s)
Write a sentence about an important or revealing fact.
Give an example from a document you used (an image, text, video, artifact, etc.)
Political
Demographic
Cultural
Economic
When?
Where?
What?
Who?
Source
Source and process described at Societies & Territories Toolkit: Research Process Planner
Algonquians 1500:�
Algonquian Men
Paste text or images here
Algonquian Men
The Algonquians are Patrilineal. In other words, relationships are established through the father. When a couple marries, the woman joins her husband’s family and lives with them. One could say that the man is considered to be the head of the family.
Men’s tasks�The main task of men was to make sure there was enough food for the entire band. It was the men who did the hunting and fishing. Men were also responsible for trading with other bands and nations. When the Algonquians were at war, the men did the fighting. When the band moved, the men carried almost nothing. Instead, they kept their weapons on hand so that they could hunt any game they might encounter along the way.
Text
Websites
Instructions: �Highlight the facts you feel are “significant” or that “reveal” something about the time or society. Colours can be used to categorize the facts by their “aspect”. Research further.
I give an example from a document:
I establish the fact:
Write sentence here
Explain examples here
Document:
Aspects:
Instructions: Based on Establish Facts (RECITUS badge and guide Elementary version)
Identify the “document” that helped you. (text, image, etc.). Specify the aspect(s)
Write a sentence about an important or revealing fact.
Give an example from a document you used (an image, text, video, artifact, etc.)
Political
Demographic
Cultural
Economic
When?
Where?
What?
Who?
Source
Source and process described at Societies & Territories Toolkit: Research Process Planner
Algonquians 1500:�
Algonquian Women
Paste text or images here
Algonquian Women
All the members of an Algonquian nation were equal. That means women were full members of the tribe and played an important role in the band’s life. Among the Algonquians, men and women had their own separate tasks. It was very rare for a woman to do a man’s work and vice versa.
Women’s tasks�In general, Algonquian women took care of everything that concerned the camp. They built the dwellings, collected firewood and stored the food. They also made clothes and gathered wild fruit. When the tribe moved, the women carried the bags so that men could go hunting at a moment’s notice if they spotted any interesting prey.
Text
Websites
Instructions: �Highlight the facts you feel are “significant” or that “reveal” something about the time or society. Colours can be used to categorize the facts by their “aspect”. Research further.
I give an example from a document:
I establish the fact:
Write sentence here
Explain examples here
Document:
Aspects:
Instructions: Based on Establish Facts (RECITUS badge and guide Elementary version)
Identify the “document” that helped you. (text, image, etc.). Specify the aspect(s)
Write a sentence about an important or revealing fact.
Give an example from a document you used (an image, text, video, artifact, etc.)
Political
Demographic
Cultural
Economic
When?
Where?
What?
Who?
Source
Source and process described at Societies & Territories Toolkit: Research Process Planner
Algonquians 1500:�
Living in a wigwam
Paste text or images here
Living in a wigwam
Algonquian dwellings were called wigwams. Wigwams looked a little bit like large tents in the shape of a cone or dome. A wigwam could be 3 to 6 metres wide and 3 metres high. It was made of large wooden poles which were covered with skins and bark. Normally, a wigwam was large enough to house several families.
The ideal home for nomads�A wigwam was very handy for nomads like the Algonquians because it was easy to assemble, disassemble and transport. Once a band had chosen the location of its camp, it took the women about an hour to set up the wigwam. When the band moved, it took only the skins and bark because they were light enough to carry. New poles could be found at the next site where the camp would be set up.
Text
Websites
Instructions: �Highlight the facts you feel are “significant” or that “reveal” something about the time or society. Colours can be used to categorize the facts by their “aspect”. Research further.
I give an example from a document:
I establish the fact:
Write sentence here
Explain examples here
Document:
Aspects:
Instructions: Based on Establish Facts (RECITUS badge and guide Elementary version)
Identify the “document” that helped you. (text, image, etc.). Specify the aspect(s)
Write a sentence about an important or revealing fact.
Give an example from a document you used (an image, text, video, artifact, etc.)
Political
Demographic
Cultural
Economic
When?
Where?
What?
Who?
Source
Source and process described at Societies & Territories Toolkit: Research Process Planner
Algonquians 1500:�
Nomads
Paste text or images here
Nomads
The Algonquian people were nomadic; in other words, they had no fixed homes. In the summer, they formed large groups and settled near a river or lake. They spent the entire summer in one place and ate the fish they caught. In the winter months when the lakes and rivers were frozen, they moved and settled in the forest. During this time of the year, the Algonquians hunted small and big game. It was easier for them to hunt big game like moose in the winter because these animals move slowly in deep snow.
Disbanding to survive�The Algonquians mostly ate meat. In the winter, they split up into small bands to avoid hunting on the territories of the other bands. Once there was no game left in one place, they moved to another spot where the hunting would be better. Over the course of a winter, the Algonquians moved their camp several times and did not stay more than 15 or 20 days in the same place.
Text
Websites
Instructions: �Highlight the facts you feel are “significant” or that “reveal” something about the time or society. Colours can be used to categorize the facts by their “aspect”. Research further.
I give an example from a document:
I establish the fact:
Write sentence here
Explain examples here
Document:
Aspects:
Instructions: Based on Establish Facts (RECITUS badge and guide Elementary version)
Identify the “document” that helped you. (text, image, etc.). Specify the aspect(s)
Write a sentence about an important or revealing fact.
Give an example from a document you used (an image, text, video, artifact, etc.)
Political
Demographic
Cultural
Economic
When?
Where?
What?
Who?
Source
Source and process described at Societies & Territories Toolkit: Research Process Planner
Algonquians 1500:�
Adapted clothing and objects
Paste text or images here
Adapted clothing and objects
�The Algonquians made their clothes from the materials they found around them. Most of their clothes were made from the skins and fur of the animals they hunted, like beaver, black squirrel, otter, moose, caribou and fox. To make the clothing strong, the skins were cleaned to remove any remaining flesh or fat, and then sewn together using moose or caribou sinew.
Practical clothing
The clothes worn by the Algonquian people were very practical because they kept them warm and lasted a long time. When it was very cold, the Algonquians wore a “long capot” which was a long coat made of seven or eight beaver pelts. Men and women’s clothes were very similar and it was not uncommon for them to swap clothes.
Tools and weapons
The Algonquian people made everything they needed using the materials around them. Tools and weapons (spears, knives and needles, for example) were made of wood, stone, bone and bark. The blades they make for their weapons were as effective as metal blades!
Text
Websites
Instructions: �Highlight the facts you feel are “significant” or that “reveal” something about the time or society. Colours can be used to categorize the facts by their “aspect”. Research further.
I give an example from a document:
I establish the fact:
Write sentence here
Explain examples here
Document:
Aspects:
Instructions: Based on Establish Facts (RECITUS badge and guide Elementary version)
Identify the “document” that helped you. (text, image, etc.). Specify the aspect(s)
Write a sentence about an important or revealing fact.
Give an example from a document you used (an image, text, video, artifact, etc.)
Political
Demographic
Cultural
Economic
When?
Where?
What?
Who?
Source
Source and process described at Societies & Territories Toolkit: Research Process Planner
Algonquians 1500:�
Many languages, one family
Paste text or images here
Many languages, one family
All Algonquians belong to the same linguistic family. That means all the different languages spoken by the Algonquian nations come from a single language. Over time, each nation developed its own words and expressions, until they eventually used different words than neighbouring nations, even though they were speaking the same language. This is somewhat like French, Italian and Spanish, which are all Romance languages of the same origin. Some words are very similar, such as the word “night”, which is “nuit” in French, “notte” in Italian and “noche” in Spanish. The same goes for the Algonquian languages. They belong to same language family, but people did not always understand each other. Native people also used a common language that was shared by all nations and linguistic families so that they could understand one another when they met and did trade.
The meaning of words Native people always give names to places and things that reflect the kind of activity that takes place there. This is particularly true when it comes to important features on their territory such as lakes, rivers and mountains.
Did you know? Several cities and regions of Québec still have Native names today. Do you know any? Here are some examples: Magog means “long body of water”, Abitibi means “where the waters divide”, Oka means “pickerel” and Maniwaki means “Mary’s land.”
Text
Websites
Instructions: �Highlight the facts you feel are “significant” or that “reveal” something about the time or society. Colours can be used to categorize the facts by their “aspect”. Research further.
I give an example from a document:
I establish the fact:
Write sentence here
Explain examples here
Document:
Aspects:
Instructions: Based on Establish Facts (RECITUS badge and guide Elementary version)
Identify the “document” that helped you. (text, image, etc.). Specify the aspect(s)
Write a sentence about an important or revealing fact.
Give an example from a document you used (an image, text, video, artifact, etc.)
Political
Demographic
Cultural
Economic
When?
Where?
What?
Who?
https://hosted.learnquebec.ca/societies/societies/algonquians-around-1500/many-languages-one-family/
Source
Source and process described at Societies & Territories Toolkit: Research Process Planner
Algonquians 1500:�
Hunting, fishing and gathering
Paste text or images here
Hunting, fishing and gathering
Hunting, fishing and gathering were means of subsistence* for the Algonquian people. These activities provided them with food and materials to make clothing and houses.
Hunting�The men of the Algonquian tribes hunted with a bow, club or spear, depending on the game being hunted. When a hunter got an animal, he shared it with the other members of the band.
Fishing�The Algonquians mostly fished in the summer, when they set up camp along the water’s edge for several weeks. They also fished when travelling by canoe. They did this by trailing a fishing line in the water behind the canoe. Their fishing hooks were made from bones shaped like a hook.
Gathering�The Algonquian people got a lot of their food from gathering. Depending on the season, they could gather fruits, vegetables and plants like wild leek, wild rice, cattails and various berries. In the spring, they collected maple sap to make syrup. Unlike the Iroquoian people who were sedentary, the Algonquians did not farm because they did not stay in the same place long enough to grow crops.
Text
Websites
Instructions: �Highlight the facts you feel are “significant” or that “reveal” something about the time or society. Colours can be used to categorize the facts by their “aspect”. Research further.
I give an example from a document:
I establish the fact:
Write sentence here
Explain examples here
Document:
Aspects:
Instructions: Based on Establish Facts (RECITUS badge and guide Elementary version)
Identify the “document” that helped you. (text, image, etc.). Specify the aspect(s)
Write a sentence about an important or revealing fact.
Give an example from a document you used (an image, text, video, artifact, etc.)
Political
Demographic
Cultural
Economic
When?
Where?
What?
Who?
Source
Source and process described at Societies & Territories Toolkit: Research Process Planner
Algonquians 1500:�
Bartering
Paste text or images here
Bartering
Bartering was very important for Indigenous people, particularly for the Algonquians, because it allowed them to obtain products they could not make themselves. The Algonquian people, who hunted and fished, exchanged skins, fur and meat with other nations who did not have any. In exchange, they received, especially from the Iroquoians, agricultural products such as corn, squash, beans and tobacco. For example, the Algonquin nation (which belongs to the Algonquian family) sometimes traded the dried fish it prepared from fishing in exchange for corn grown by the Huron nation (which belongs to the Iroquoian family).
Fairs�Since the Algonquians travelled a lot, they do not see other bands very often. So they organized fairs where they went to meet with members of other nations and bands for a few days to exchange goods; in other words, to Barter. This was a bit like going to the market.
Text
Websites
Instructions: �Highlight the facts you feel are “significant” or that “reveal” something about the time or society. Colours can be used to categorize the facts by their “aspect”. Research further.
I give an example from a document:
I establish the fact:
Write sentence here
Explain examples here
Document:
Aspects:
Instructions: Based on Establish Facts (RECITUS badge and guide Elementary version)
Identify the “document” that helped you. (text, image, etc.). Specify the aspect(s)
Write a sentence about an important or revealing fact.
Give an example from a document you used (an image, text, video, artifact, etc.)
Political
Demographic
Cultural
Economic
When?
Where?
What?
Who?
Source
Source and process described at Societies & Territories Toolkit: Research Process Planner
Algonquians 1500:�
Choosing a chief
Paste text or images here
Choosing a chief
Among the Algonquian people, each nation was governed by a chief and council. The chief was chosen because he possessed personal qualities such as strength, skill, courage, hunting prowess, wisdom and generosity. Despite these many fine qualities and the power he possessed, the chief could not make decisions by himself. Before taking action, he had to convince the members of the council that his decision was the right one. When everyone must be in agreement for a decision to be made, it is called a consensus. Sometimes there needed to be long discussions before everyone was in agreement. Making important decisions could take a very long time.
The chief’s power�Since the chief could not make decisions without consulting the members of the council, his main power lied in his ability to convince the others that his decisions were right. He, therefore, had to be an excellent communicator and earn the respect of others. To do this, he had to be very generous with the other members of the tribe because this was the quality Native people value most in a leader.
Text
Websites
Instructions: �Highlight the facts you feel are “significant” or that “reveal” something about the time or society. Colours can be used to categorize the facts by their “aspect”. Research further.
I give an example from a document:
I establish the fact:
Write sentence here
Explain examples here
Document:
Aspects:
Instructions: Based on Establish Facts (RECITUS badge and guide Elementary version)
Identify the “document” that helped you. (text, image, etc.). Specify the aspect(s)
Write a sentence about an important or revealing fact.
Give an example from a document you used (an image, text, video, artifact, etc.)
Political
Demographic
Cultural
Economic
When?
Where?
What?
Who?
Source
Source and process described at Societies & Territories Toolkit: Research Process Planner
Algonquians 1500:�
Nations and bands
Paste text or images here
Nations and bands
Among the Algonquian people, political life was organized around nations and bands. Each nation was divided into several clans that were independent of each other. They shared the same language and customs and had a similar way of life, but they each had their own territory for hunting, fishing and gathering. Each clan consisted of family members who had the same ancestors. Within each clan were bands of 35 to 75 people from two or three families who travelled together during the winter months.
Wars between nations�Before the arrival of the Europeans, there had been several conflicts between the Indigenous nations. People often went to war to protect their hunting and fishing territories, and the routes they used for trading. They also went to war to avenge the deaths of certain members of their group during earlier wars.
Text
Websites
Instructions: �Highlight the facts you feel are “significant” or that “reveal” something about the time or society. Colours can be used to categorize the facts by their “aspect”. Research further.
I give an example from a document:
I establish the fact:
Write sentence here
Explain examples here
Document:
Aspects:
Instructions: Based on Establish Facts (RECITUS badge and guide Elementary version)
Identify the “document” that helped you. (text, image, etc.). Specify the aspect(s)
Write a sentence about an important or revealing fact.
Give an example from a document you used (an image, text, video, artifact, etc.)
Political
Demographic
Cultural
Economic
When?
Where?
What?
Who?
Source
Source and process described at Societies & Territories Toolkit: Research Process Planner
Algonquians 1500:�
From canoe to toboggan
Paste text or images here
From canoe to toboggan�
The Algonquians travelled a lot because they were nomadic. They usually travelled on water when it was not frozen. Travelling by canoe was a fast and efficient way of moving in the spring, joining the camp in the summer, and returning to the hunting lands in the fall.
Modes of transportation for nomads
The Algonquians developed modes of transportation that were adapted to their way of life. These modes allowed them to move quickly and with ease. Plus, they were light and easily repaired with materials that were readily available. For example, a canoe made of bark was strong enough to carry two adults, two children and 150 kilos of cargo, but light enough to portage when needed. The toboggan, which is a type of sled, allowed the Algonquian people to easily transport their belongings on snow during the winter months.
Text
Websites
Instructions: �Highlight the facts you feel are “significant” or that “reveal” something about the time or society. Colours can be used to categorize the facts by their “aspect”. Research further.
I give an example from a document:
I establish the fact:
Write sentence here
Explain examples here
Document:
Aspects:
Instructions: Based on Establish Facts (RECITUS badge and guide Elementary version)
Identify the “document” that helped you. (text, image, etc.). Specify the aspect(s)
Write a sentence about an important or revealing fact.
Give an example from a document you used (an image, text, video, artifact, etc.)
Political
Demographic
Cultural
Economic
When?
Where?
What?
Who?
Source
Source and process described at Societies & Territories Toolkit: Research Process Planner
Ways to portray a society
Considering different “Categories”
Territory
___________________________
Project goals:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Daily Life
______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Population
______________________________________________________
___________________________
Language Culture Religion
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Government
___________________________________________________________
___________________________
Social Groups
__________________________________________________________
___________________________
Prominent Individuals
________________________________________________________
___________________________
Agriculture Commerce Industry
______________________________________________________________
___________________________
Transportation Communication
__________________________________________________________
___________________________
Icons licensed under CC BY SA 3 by Mapicons.mapsmarker.com