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Seed Plants

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Plant Evolution so far

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Seed Plants

  • Members of the Phylum Tracheophyta (vascular plants).
  • Subphylum Spermopsida (seed plants)

 Gymnosperms (naked seeds)

 Angiosperms (protected seeds)

 Monocots

 Dicots

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Gymnosperms

  • most ancient of the seed plants
  • 3 classes

 Cycads

 Ginkgoes

 Conifers

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Gymnosperm Characteristics

  • Male and female reproductive structures found in structures called SCALES.
  • Scales group into larger structures called CONES.

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Cones and Scales

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Cones

  • male cones produce pollen (male gametophytes)
  • female cones produce eggs (female gametophytes)
  • seeds are protected by a seed coat, but sit “naked” on the scales

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Cycads

  • palmlike plants
  • evolved 225 mya
  • cycad forests during dinosaur times
  • grow in tropical and subtropical climates

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Ginkgoes

  • only one species remains  Ginkgo biloba
  • may have survived only because of Chinese gardens
  • medicinal  may help with memory and prevention of dementia

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Conifers

  • commonly called evergreens
  • needle shaped leaves
  • include pines, firs, spruce, cedars, redwoods
  • most are “evergreen”  don’t lose their leaves in winter
  • important for BC economy (logging)

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Angiosperms

  • flowering plants
  • seeds protected in a wall which develops into a FRUIT (sometimes called vegetables)
  • most widespread of all plants
  • can survive in all environments

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Angiosperm Subclasses

  • the angiosperms can be separated into 2 subclasses

 monocots

 dicots

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Alternation of Generations