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Transparent Design and Supervising Student Workers

By: Haylee Croydon & Jennifer Wells

April 2021

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Introductions

  • Name & pronouns
  • Where you work
  • How your job relates to students

Order:

Heidi (C.), Mary, Kate, Kristin, Kirsten, Ray, Kathleen, Joanna, Ginny, Heidi (S.), Jane, Jennifer (J.), Stephanie, Charity, Connor, Rick, Erin, Jenny (B.), Robin (F.), Robin (A)., Talie

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Introductions

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Workshop Design: What You Can Expect

Purpose: The purpose of this workshop is to develop a new way of thinking about student worker training and tasks as a way to collaborate with them in the creation of a deeper understanding of how the work they are doing applies to real life, their education, and their impact on their community.

  • Skills: You will use the following skills to complete the task:
    • Relate knowledge from several areas
    • Translate knowledge into a new context
    • Use concepts in a new situation
    • Recognize hidden meanings
  • Knowledge: You will become familiar with the following important content knowledge:
    • Student work as a High-Impact Practice
    • Transparent Design Principles
    • High-Impact Transparency

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Workshop Design: What You Can Expect

Task: Apply the High-Impact Transparency (HIT) equation to a student worker task to create a framework for training that task. You will do this by completing the following:

  1. Identify a task using the provided job description
  2. List the skills and knowledge related to the identified task
  3. Analyze the task to determine the criteria for success
  4. Use the criteria for success to define the purpose of the task
  5. Interpret how the skills/ knowledge and purpose can describe the work
  6. Interpret how the skills/ knowledge and purpose can connect the work to a deeper meaning.
  7. Discuss how these conversations can be had with students to create that metacognitive link between their work and their real world experiences.

Criteria for Success: You will leave this workshop with the following knowledge:

  • An understanding of how high-impact practices can be improved by applying transparent design principles
  • How to use the HIT equation to create a conversation with student workers about the meaning of their work and its implications outside of this specific job role

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Student Work as a High-Impact Educational Practice

Components:

  • Time and effort
    • “Should require that students ‘devote considerable time and effort to purposeful tasks’”
    • “Should be engaged in substantive work tasks that furthers the mission of the library (and students should be aware of how they are contributing)”�
  • Faculty and peer interaction
    • Involve extended contact with peers and faculty: mentorships, peer learning environments

  • Diversity
    • “[Increased] likelihood that students will experience diversity through contact with people who are different from themselves”

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Student Work as a High-Impact Educational Practice

Components:

  • Formal and informal feedback
    • “Because students perform in close proximity to supervisors or peers, feedback is almost continuous”

  • Integration, synthesis and application
    • Transfer to contexts outside of the initial experience, both on and off campus

  • Connection
    • Help students connect with their communities and develop perspective regarding their roles in broader society

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How Do High-Impact Practices Help Students?

“If libraries really want to contribute to the success of our student employees, we have to view their role as more than transactional and instead intentionally consider how to make their experiences [including soft skill training] transferable to other contexts.

“We must shift away from treating student success as a byproduct of the work we need students to do and rather treat it as a core element of their employment.”

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Buzzword!

Metacognition

“Metacognition is, put simply, thinking about one’s thinking. More precisely, it refers to the processes used to plan, monitor, and assess one’s understanding and performance. Metacognition includes a critical awareness of a) one’s thinking and learning and b) oneself as a thinker and learner.”

Chick, N. (2013). Metacognition. Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching.

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What is Transparent Design?

Understanding the how and why students are learning something.

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How Does Transparent Design Help Students?

Transparent teaching/learning methods benefit students who are unfamiliar with college success strategies by explicating learning/teaching processes.

Winkelmes, M. (2013). Transparency in teaching: faculty share data and improve students' learning. Liberal Education, 99(2), 48.

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How Does Transparent Design Help Students?

Study: students who received transparent instruction that emphasizes the purposes, tasks, real-world applicability and criteria for academic work experienced elevated confidence, belonging, and metacognitive awareness of skill development.

Winkelmes et. al., (2016). A teaching intervention that increases underserved college students' success.

Peer Review : Emerging Trends and Key Debates in Undergraduate Education, 18(1-2), 31

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What is Transparent Design?

Understanding the how and why students are learning something.

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Transparent Design

  1. Purpose
    1. Skills
    2. Knowledge
  2. Task
  3. Criteria for Success

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Purpose - How to Define

Define learning objectives, in language and terms that help students recognize how this task will benefit their learning.

  • Why are we doing what we’re doing?
  • What knowledge will students gain?
  • What skills will students be practicing?

  • Should be in student friendly language
  • Is not the task!

Adapted from: Winklemes, Mary-Ann. “Transparency in Teaching: Faculty Share Date and Improve Students’ Learning.” Liberal Education [Association of American Colleges and Universities] 99, 2 (Spring 2013)

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Purpose - Knowledge

  • Does your purpose statement link specific knowledge to the larger context of
    • Library operations?

  • Does your purpose statement indicate the relevance and/or usefulness of this knowledge to the students' lives
    • Beyond the library? Beyond college?

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Purpose - Skills

  • Does your purpose statement link specific skills/skill sets to examples/contexts where this skill is important in the context of
    • Library operations? Library mission statement?

  • Does your statement indicate the relevance and/or usefulness of this knowledge to the students' lives
    • Beyond work?

  • Would this assignment benefit from segmenting it into several assignments, each one focused on a discrete set of skills that should be mastered to insure students’ successful completion of the next assignment in the sequence?

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EXAMPLE

Purpose: The purpose of this workshop is to develop a new way of thinking about student worker training and tasks as a way to collaborate with them in the creation of a deeper understanding of how the work they are doing applies to real life, their education, and their impact on their community.

  • Skills: You will use the following skills to complete the task:
    • Relate knowledge from several areas
    • Translate knowledge into a new context
    • Use concepts in a new situation
    • Recognize hidden meanings
  • Knowledge: You will become familiar with the following important content knowledge:
    • Student work as a High-Impact Practice
    • Transparent Design Principles
    • High-Impact Transparency

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Tasks - How to Define

  • What activity should the student perform or do?
  • List all steps, guidelines, or a recommended sequence

Adapted from: Winklemes, Mary-Ann. “Transparency in Teaching: Faculty Share Date and Improve Students’ Learning.” Liberal Education [Association of American Colleges and Universities] 99, 2 (Spring 2013)

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Tasks

  • Does your description of the task:
    • Identify the very first thing students should do when they begin?
    • The very next thing they should do?
    • The next, etc.

  • Does your description of the task help students to avoid wasting their time on unnecessary steps, unproductive time expenditure?

  • Does your description help students to focus their time efficiently on producing the highest quality work possible in the time given?

  • Would students benefit from some practice exercises (in the form of a pre-task) in class to prepare them to perform the task outside of class on the graded assignment?

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EXAMPLE

Task: Apply the High-Impact Transparency (HIT) equation to a student worker task to create a framework for training that task. You will do this by completing the following:

  1. Identify a task using the provided job description
  2. List the skills and knowledge related to the identified task
  3. Analyze the task to determine the criteria for success
  4. Use the criteria for success to define the purpose of the task
  5. Interpret how the skills/ knowledge and purpose can describe the work
  6. Interpret how the skills/ knowledge and purpose can connect the work to a deeper meaning.
  7. Discuss how these conversations can be had with students to create that metacognitive link between their work and their real world experiences.

Criteria for Success: You will leave this workshop with the following knowledge:

  • An understanding of how high-impact practices can be improved by applying transparent design principles
  • How to use the HIT equation to create a conversation with student workers about the meaning of their work and its implications outside of this specific job role

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Criteria for Success - How to Define

  • Define the characteristics of the finished product.
  • Provide specific examples of what these characteristics look like in practice.

Adapted from: Winklemes, Mary-Ann. “Transparency in Teaching: Faculty Share Date and Improve Students’ Learning.” Liberal Education [Association of American Colleges and Universities] 99, 2 (Spring 2013)

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Criteria for Success

  • Can students use the criteria while they are working on the assignment to determine whether they are completing the assignment efficiently and effectively?

  • Do the criteria take the form of a checklist students can use to evaluate the quality of their efforts while they are working on the assignment?

  • Does the checklist specify characteristics of high-quality work for this assignment?

  • Did you provide examples of good work?

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EXAMPLE

Task: Apply the High-Impact Transparency (HIT) equation to a student worker task to create a framework for training that task. You will do this by completing the following:

  1. Identify a task using the provided job description
  2. List the skills and knowledge related to the identified task
  3. Analyze the task to determine the criteria for success
  4. Use the criteria for success to define the purpose of the task
  5. Interpret how the skills/ knowledge and purpose can describe the work
  6. Interpret how the skills/ knowledge and purpose can connect the work to a deeper meaning.
  7. Discuss how these conversations can be had with students to create that metacognitive link between their work and their real world experiences.

Criteria for Success: You will leave this workshop with the following knowledge:

  • An understanding of how high-impact practices can be improved by applying transparent design principles
  • How to use the HIT equation to create a conversation with student workers about the meaning of their work and its implications outside of this specific job role

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High-Impact Transparency (HIT) Equation

for Evaluating Student Worker Tasks

(A) + (B) + (C) = framework for training

(A) + (C) + (student collaboration) = D and E

A = Knowledge, skills

B= Criteria for success

C= Purpose

D= Resume description

E= Deeper meaning

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Sample Job Description

Job Description:

Serving as part of the Public Services team, the position's role is to provide excellent customer service to students, faculty, staff, and the UP community. This position reports to Circulation Staff and student supervisors as well as the Head of Public Services. Students are employed fall and spring semesters and have the opportunity to work summer semesters. Library student employees take shifts at the Service Desk, shelve and shelf-read the collection on the lower level, give library tours, and answer questions about the library both in person and over the phone. Training is provided in applicable library processes and software through face to face instruction, weekly reminders, and online tutorials to ensure that students are successful in their assigned tasks. Students who show leadership and initiative as well as having an excellent grasp of processes and procedures are eligible to be promoted to Student Supervisor.

Job Responsibilities

Essential Job Functions:

  • Answer questions for patrons at the Service Desk either in-person or via telephone
  • Check in and out materials
  • Accept in-take of Course Reserve materials from Professors
  • Shelf-read the collection
  • Re-shelve the collection
  • Assist in the process of Summit borrowing
  • Help Circulation staff open and close the library building
  • Library related projects as assigned

Job Requirements

Minimum Qualifications:

  • Strong communication skills; ability to be punctual and professional
  • Customer Service Skills or alternate relevant experience working with the public
  • A minimum commitment of 8 hours per week is required to maximize training
  • Ability to learn technology quickly

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Bloom’s Taxonomy

Competence

Skills

Assignment Cues (Transparent Design Tasks)

Knowledge

  • observation and recall of information
  • knowledge of dates, events, places
  • knowledge of major ideas
  • mastery of subject matter

list, define, tell, describe, identify, show, label, collect, examine, tabulate, quote, name, who, when, where, etc.

Comprehension

  • understanding information
  • grasp meaning
  • translate knowledge into new context
  • interpret facts, compare, contrast
  • order, group, infer causes
  • predict consequences

summarize, describe, interpret, contrast, predict, associate, distinguish, estimate, differentiate, discuss, extend

Application

  • use information
  • use methods, concepts, theories in new situations
  • solve problems using required skills or knowledge

apply, demonstrate, calculate, complete, illustrate, show, solve, examine, modify, relate, change, classify, experiment, discover

Analysis

  • seeing patterns
  • organization of parts
  • recognition of hidden meanings
  • identification of components

analyze, separate, order, explain, connect, classify, arrange, divide, compare, select, explain, infer

Synthesis

  • use old ideas to create new ones
  • generalize from given facts
  • relate knowledge from several areas
  • predict, draw conclusions

combine, integrate, modify, rearrange, substitute, plan, create, design, invent, what if?, compose, formulate, prepare, generalize, rewrite

Evaluation

  • compare and discriminate between ideas
  • assess value of theories, presentations
  • make choices based on reasoned argument
  • based on reasoned argument
  • verify value of evidence
  • recognize subjectivity

assess, decide, rank, grade, test, measure, recommend, convince, select, judge, explain, discriminate, support, conclude, compare, summarize

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Breakout (A)

Tasks

  1. Look at the job description on slide 27
  2. Identify a task from the job description
  3. List the skills and knowledge your chosen task. (Use Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives from slide 28)
  4. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  5. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Identified Task:

Skills (verbs):

Knowledge (nouns):

Shelving

Attending to detail

Library of Congress Call numbers

Example:

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Breakout (A) - Group 1

Tasks

  1. Look at the job description on slide 27
  2. Identify a task from the job description
  3. List the skills and knowledge your chosen task. (Use Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives from slide 28)
  4. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  5. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Identified Task:

Skills (verbs):

Knowledge (nouns):

Accept in-take of course reserve materials

Collecting information; Understanding order of operations; identification of components, noticing patterns

Knowing what a course reserve is and why they’re there

Example:

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Breakout (A) - Group 2

Tasks

  1. Look at the job description on slide 27
  2. Identify a task from the job description
  3. List the skills and knowledge your chosen task. (Use Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives from slide 28)
  4. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  5. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Identified Task:

Skills (verbs):

Knowledge (nouns):

Help Circulation staff open and close the library building

  • observation and recall of information
  • solve problems using required skills or knowledge
  • Following a process
  • Time management
  • Make choices based on provided information

Open/close procedure (checklists)

Sequence of events

Available resources

Awareness of safety procedures

Example:

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Breakout (A) - Group 3

Tasks

  1. Look at the job description on slide 27
  2. Identify a task from the job description
  3. List the skills and knowledge your chosen task. (Use Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives from slide 28)
  4. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  5. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Identified Task:

Skills (verbs):

Knowledge (nouns):

Example:

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Breakout (A) - Group 4

Tasks

  1. Look at the job description on slide 27
  2. Identify a task from the job description
  3. List the skills and knowledge your chosen task. (Use Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives from slide 28)
  4. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  5. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Identified Task:

Skills (verbs):

Knowledge (nouns):

Example:

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Let’s Discuss! - Task / Skills / Knowledge

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Breakout (B)

Tasks

  1. Use an identified task from Breakout (A)
  2. Determine the criteria for success
  3. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  4. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Identified Task:

Criteria for Success:

Shelving

-Books can be found when searched for

-During shelf reading books need to be moved around less often

-Supervisor can conduct shelving tests for individual evaluation - double checking ordered shelving carts before they get shelved

Example:

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Breakout (B) - Group 1

Tasks

  1. Use an identified task from Breakout (A)
  2. Determine the criteria for success
  3. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  4. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Identified Task:

Criteria for Success:

Accept intake of course reserve materials

  • Books can be found when search for later
  • The course reserve sheet is filled out correctly
  • The course reserve is available quickly - on the shelf
  • Found in the catalog - searched for in Primo

Example:

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Breakout (B) - Group 2

Tasks

  1. Use an identified task from Breakout (A)
  2. Determine the criteria for success
  3. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  4. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Identified Task:

Criteria for Success:

Help Circulation staff open and close the library building

  • Everything on the checklist (if available) is completed
  • The building is locked or unlocked on time
  • Closing - the building is empty/ the alarm doesn’t go off
  • Everything is in place properly for next shift
  • People can get into the building

Example:

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Breakout (B) - Group 3

Tasks

  1. Use an identified task from Breakout (A)
  2. Determine the criteria for success
  3. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  4. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Identified Task:

Criteria for Success:

Example:

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Breakout (B) - Group 4

Tasks

  1. Use an identified task from Breakout (A)
  2. Determine the criteria for success
  3. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  4. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Identified Task:

Criteria for Success:

Example:

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Let’s Discuss! - Criteria for Success

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Breakout (C)

Tasks

  1. Use the criteria for success from Breakout (B)
  2. Define the purpose of the task based on those criteria
  3. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  4. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Task:

Criteria for Success:

Purpose:

Shelving

-Books can be found when searched for

-During shelf reading books need to be moved around less often

-Supervisor can conduct shelving tests for individual evaluation - double checking ordered shelving carts before they get shelved

The purpose of shelving is to make sure books can be found in the library when patrons need them.

Example:

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Breakout (C) - Group 1

Tasks

  1. Use the criteria for success from Breakout (B)
  2. Define the purpose of the task based on those criteria
  3. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  4. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Task:

Criteria for Success:

Purpose:

Accept in-take of course reserves

  • Books can be found when search for later
  • The course reserve sheet is filled out correctly
  • The course reserve is available quickly - on the shelf
  • Found in the catalog - searched for in Primo

Ensure course reserves can be easily found as a means of providing equitable access to available materials.

Example:

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Breakout (C) - Group 2

Tasks

  1. Use the criteria for success from Breakout (B)
  2. Define the purpose of the task based on those criteria
  3. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  4. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Task:

Criteria for Success:

Purpose:

Help Circulation staff open and close the library building

  • Everything on the checklist (if available) is completed
  • The building is locked or unlocked on time
  • Closing - the building is empty/ the alarm doesn’t go off
  • Everything is in place properly for next shift
  • People can get into the building

Opening - The building and materials are available to the community when patron’s expect it to be.

Closing- Keeping building secure and organized.

Respect for your coworkers and community by being reliable, dependable and stewards of resources

Example:

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Breakout (C) - Group 3

Tasks

  1. Use the criteria for success from Breakout (B)
  2. Define the purpose of the task based on those criteria
  3. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  4. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Task:

Criteria for Success:

Purpose:

Example:

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Breakout (C) - Group 4

Tasks

  1. Use the criteria for success from Breakout (B)
  2. Define the purpose of the task based on those criteria
  3. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  4. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Task:

Criteria for Success:

Purpose:

Example:

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Let’s Discuss! - Purpose

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We have now created the framework for training the task!

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Breakout (D & E)

Tasks

  1. Examine the skills/ knowledge (A) and the purpose (C)
  2. Interpret how the skills/ knowledge (A) and the purpose (C) can describe the work (D)
  3. Interpret how skills/ knowledge (A) and the purpose (C) can connect the work to a deeper meaning or impact (E)
  4. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  5. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Task:

Skills/

Knowledge (A):

Purpose (C):

What student can put on a resume (D):

Meaning of task (E):

Shelving

-Library of congress Call numbers

-Attending to detail

The purpose of shelving is to make sure books can be found in the library when patrons need them.

A student worker uses their attention to detail and knowledge of the Library of Congress call number system to make sure books can be found in the library when people need them.

Because I pay attention to detail and understand the Library of Congress call number system, I'm helping make sure other students can finish their schoolwork on time.

Example:

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Breakout (D & E) - Group 1

Tasks

  1. Examine the skills/ knowledge (A) and the purpose (C)
  2. Interpret how the skills/ knowledge (A) and the purpose (C) can describe the work (D)
  3. Interpret how skills/ knowledge (A) and the purpose (C) can connect the work to a deeper meaning or impact
  4. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  5. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Task:

Skills/

Knowledge (A):

Purpose (C):

What student can put on a resume (D):

Meaning of task (E):

Accept intake of course reserve materials

Collecting information; Understanding order of operations; identification of components, noticing patterns

Knowing what a course reserve is and why they’re there

Ensure course reserves can be easily found as a means of providing equitable access to available materials.

Because I understand the how to facilitate the procedure, I can move the process along

-Understand and facilitate a procedure

-Accurately intake and process information

Because I understand the course reserves process I can save students money while providing them with the equitable access to available materials

Example:

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Breakout (D & E) - Group 2

Tasks

  1. Examine the skills/ knowledge (A) and the purpose (C)
  2. Interpret how the skills/ knowledge (A) and the purpose (C) can describe the work (D)
  3. Interpret how skills/ knowledge (A) and the purpose (C) can connect the work to a deeper meaning or impact
  4. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  5. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Task:

Skills/

Knowledge (A):

Purpose (C):

What student can put on a resume (D):

Meaning of task (E):

Help Circulation staff open and close the library building

  • observation and recall of information
  • solve problems using required skills or knowledge
  • Following a process
  • Time management
  • Make choices based on provided information
  • Open/close procedure (checklists)
  • Sequence of events
  • Available resources
  • Awareness of safety procedures

Opening - The building and materials are available to the community when patron’s expect it to be.

Closing- Keeping building secure and organized.

Respect for your coworkers and community by being reliable, dependable and stewards of resources

Responsible for securing the building at opening and closing

Demonstrates reasoned decision-making and dependability

Because I demonstrate respect and dependability for my coworkers and community by opening and closing the building effectively I am able to provide a safe and secure place to access the library space and resources

Example:

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Breakout (D & E) - Group 3

Tasks

  1. Examine the skills/ knowledge (A) and the purpose (C)
  2. Interpret how the skills/ knowledge (A) and the purpose (C) can describe the work (D)
  3. Interpret how skills/ knowledge (A) and the purpose (C) can connect the work to a deeper meaning or impact
  4. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  5. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Task:

Skills/

Knowledge (A):

Purpose (C):

What student can put on a resume (D):

Meaning of task (E):

Example:

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Breakout (D & E) - Group 4

Tasks

  1. Examine the skills/ knowledge (A) and the purpose (C)
  2. Interpret how the skills/ knowledge (A) and the purpose (C) can describe the work (D)
  3. Interpret how skills/ knowledge (A) and the purpose (C) can connect the work to a deeper meaning or impact
  4. Fill out the table below with your ideas
  5. Pick a spokesperson from your group to discuss when we come back together

Task:

Skills/

Knowledge (A):

Purpose (C):

What student can put on a resume (D):

Meaning of task (E):

Example:

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In Conclusion...

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To Learn More:

  • Questions? Contact Us:
    • Haylee Croydon, MLS | croydon@up.edu
    • Jennifer Wells, MLS | jkwells@pacificu.edu