Which two people were initially given the most credit for discovering the structure of DNA?
1-100A
1 - 100
$100
Who was never given the full credit they deserved for their part in helping discover the structure of DNA?
1-300A
1 - 100
$200
In which decade did Watson and Crick make their famous discovery?
1-400A
1 - 100
1950s
(1953)
$300
Whose work helped others figure out base pairing rules?
1-500A
1 - 100
Erwin Chargaff
$400
2-100
1 - 100
Explain the process of Xray diffraction. What role did this process play in helping illucidate the structure of DNA?
2-100A
1 - 100
X ray diffraction.
X rays are aimed at an object X rays are aimed at an object and when they hit the object they scatter creating a pattern that is like a shadow of the original object that they hit. Rosalind Franklin used X ray diffraction to look at DNA patterns. One of Rosalind Franklin’s X ray diffraction prints helped confirm Watson and Crick’s hypothesis about the structure of DNA.
$500
What is the building block of a nucleic acid?
2-200A
1 - 100
$100
2-300
What two types of nucleic acids have you learned about in class?
2-300A
1 - 100
$200
2-400
In RNA what base will attach to and adenine?
2-400A
1 - 100
$300
2-500
Explain how the sugars in DNA and RNA are different.
2-500A
1 - 100
The sugar in RNA is ribose. It has one more oxygen (at the second carbon) than the sugar in DNA, deoxyribose.
$400
3-100
1 - 100
List and explain 4 important differences between DNA and RNA.
3-100A
1 - 100
DNA stays in the nucleus
RNA leaves the nucleus
$500
3-200
Where does transcription take place?
3-200A
1 - 100
$100
3-300
What is the product of transcription?
3-300A
1 - 100
$200
What enzyme adds RNA nucleotides to create the messenger RNA?
3-400A
1 - 100
$300
4-100
1 - 100
What is the section of DNA that gets transcribed called?
3-500A
1 - 100
$400
4-200
What is the start codon found on mRNA for all proteins?
4-100A
1 - 100
$500
4-300
Where does translation occur?
4-200A
1 - 100
Ribosome
$100
4-400
What is the product of translation?
4-300A
1 - 100
an amino acid chain that folds to become a protein
$200
4-500
Where is the codon located?
4-400A
1 - 100
mRNA
$300
5-200
What is the role of the tRNA?
5-100A
1 - 100
to bring amino acids to the ribosome so they can bond together (peptide bond) and form a polypeptide chain
$400
5-200
Translation takes place in the free floating ribosomes of the cell. Where is another place in the cell that translation occurs?
5-200A
1 - 100
Rough endoplasmic reticulum…it is ribosomes that make it rough
$500
5-300
When does DNA replication occur?
5-300A
1 - 100
Before the cell divides.
$100
5-400
What enzyme unzips the DNA?
5-400A
1 - 100
helicase
$200
Which enzyme helps seal up the Okazaki fragments?
5-500A
1 - 100
ligase
$300
6-100
1 - 100
During DNA replication, why is there a leading strand with continuous new DNA, and a lagging strand with discontinuous segments of newDNA?
Be specific.
6-100A
1 - 100
DNA is read in the 3 prime to 5 prime direction (created 5 to 3 prime). Since the new DNA is created before the whole DNA strand unzips, and 3 prime end is on opposite sides of the ladder, one side can only be created in segments.
$400
6-200
Explain DNA replication in detail. Include all steps.
6-200A
1 - 100
$500
6-300
Which famous man was in the race to discover the structure of DNA, but did not have the structure correct?
6-300A
1 - 100
Linus Pauling
He was favored by many to be the person who would discover that DNA structure since he had discovered the structures of many other molecules. His model incorrectly had the bases on the outside of the DNA molecule.
$100
6-400
What enzyme helps open the DNA molecule before more DNA can be made?
6-400A
1 - 100
helicase.
$200
6-500
What molecule is responsible for putting attaching new DNA nucleotides during replication?
6-500A
1 - 100
$300
6-500
What is DNA fingerprinting (RFLP) and how is it used?
6-500A
1 - 100
Restriction Fragment Lenth Polymorphisms
DNA fingerprinting is a process by which DNA is cut up into small pieces by restriction enzymes and run out onto a gel. The gel pattern is then read.
Uses: identification of suspects in a crime
paternity suits
identification of markers for genetic disorders
$400
6-500
Explain what happens to get the information from a gene to a protein. Explain as many steps as possible.
6-500A
1 - 100
Step 1 = Transcription:
-DNA opens at the gene
-RNA polymerase adds RNA nucleotides.
-mRNA breaks away from the DNA
Step 2 = mRNA processing or splicing.
-Introns are spliced out of the mRNA and exons are sometimes rearranged.
�Step 3 = Translation.
-In the ribosome, mRNA codons pair with tRNA anticodons.
-amino acids at the top of the tRNA bond together.
-A long chain of aminoacids is created.
-It breaks away, folds up, and bonds with other chains to become a functional protein.
$500
In which part of the cell cycle is the cell growing and doing its main functions?
During what part of the cell cycle
does the nucleus divide?
Mitosis
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