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Present Tense of -ar Verbs

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VERBS

A verb usually names the action in a sentence.
We call the verb that ends in -r the INFINITIVE

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VERBS

The INFINITIVE is the form you would find in a Spanish dictionary.
In English it means
“to + (verb)”

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These are some INFINITIVES you already know:

Enseñar
Estudiar
Hablar
Dibujar
Escuchar

Montar
Llegar
Pasar tiempo
Patinar
And several more!

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IN SPANISH:

The last letter or letters of the verb tell you who does the action.

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IN SPANISH:

To change an INFINITIVE to a form that tells who is doing the action, remove the -ar and add the appropriate ending.

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IN SPANISH:

This action is called CONJUGATION

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TO STUDY (English)

I study

You study

She studies

We study

They study

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ESTUDIAR (Spanish)

Yo estudio

Tú estudias

Ud.

Él estudia

Ella

Nosotros estudiamos

Nosotras

Vosotros estudáis

Vosotras

Uds.

Ellos estudian

Ellas

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STEM / ENDING

For every INFINITIVE in Spanish there is a STEM and an ENDING.

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STEM / ENDING

For example, for “estudiar,”…”estudi” is the stem.
“ar” is the ending.

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STEM / ENDING

So, the endings for -ar verbs are:
o, as, a, amos, áis, an
http://www.mybigcampus.com/library/181472
http://www.mybigcampus.com/library/213468

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THE VOSOTROS

Verb forms ending in áis, such as estudiáis, are used mainly in the country of Spain only.

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NEGATING A SENTENCE

When you want to say that you do not do something, use no before the verb form

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NEGATING A SENTENCE

Yo no cocino en la clase de educación física.

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ASKING A QUESTION

When we ask a question in Spanish, we usually put the subject after the verb or sometimes at the end of the sentence.

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ASKING A QUESTION

¿Cocina Juan en la clase de ciencias?
¿Estudia mucho Paulina?
Verb Subject

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Verbs in the Present Tense

(Los verbos en el tiempo presente)

First conjugation: -ar

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The fundamental parts of the Spanish verb

The infinitive: The basic, unconjugated form, the one that corresponds to the English “to do” (something). For example, to speak, to work, to sing, etc.

The Spanish infinitive always ends in r

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The fundamental parts of the Spanish verb

The Spanish infinitive always ends in r

hablar

comer

escribir

cantar

aprender

leer

salir

conocer

costar

correr

finalizar

freír

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The fundamental parts of the Spanish verb

The ending: The last two letters of the infinitive.

The ending always consists of two letters.

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The fundamental parts of the Spanish verb

hablar

comer

escribir

cantar

aprender

leer

hablar

comer

escribir

cantar

aprender

leer

The ending always consists of two letters

salir

conocer

costar

correr

finalizar

freír

salir

conocer

costar

correr

finalizar

freír

There are three types or categories of verbs in Spanish:

those that end in ar,

those that end in er,

and those that end in ir

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The fundamental parts of the Spanish verb

The stem or root: Whatever is left after removing the ending from the infinitive.

The stem can consist of a variable number of letters, depending on the length of the verb in question.

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The fundamental parts of the Spanish verb

The infinitive – the ending = the stem

salir

conocer

costar

correr

finalizar

freír

hablar

comer

escribir

cantar

aprender

leer

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The fundamental parts of the verb

The infinitive: The basic, unconjugated form of the verb.

estudiar

The ending: The last two letters of the infinitive.

The stem: What is left after taking the ending from the infinitive.

estudi

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When we conjugate any verb we always begin with its stem.

To conjugate: To put a verb in its correct person and number so that we know who is doing the action.

Verb Conjugation

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The following verbs are regular -ar verbs and are conjugated according to the pattern in the following slides.

hablar

to speak

ayudar

to help

bailar

to dance

buscar

to look for

caminar

to walk

comprar

to buy

Verbs of the 1^st conjugation (-ar)

conversar

to converse

enseñar

to teach

escuchar

to listen

estudiar

to study

llegar

to arrive

mirar

to look at

nadar

to swim

necesitar

to need

preparar

to prepare

regresar

to return

tomar

to take or to drink

trabajar

to work

viajar

to travel

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hablar

habl

mos

habl

Verbs of the 1^st conjugation (-ar)

All persons and numbers are based on the stem.

Notice which vowel gets the emphasis!

tú

Ud.

él

ella

nosotros/as

vosotros/as

ellos

ellas

Uds.

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trabajar

trab

trabaj

mos

trabaj

trab

Verbs of the 1^st conjugation (-ar)

Its stem?

The emphasis?

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buscar

busc

mos

busc

Verbs of the 1^st conjugation (-ar)

Its stem?

The emphasis?

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estudiar

est

estudi

mos

estudi

est

Verbs of the 1^st conjugation (-ar)

Its stem?

The emphasis?

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Verb usage

The Spanish present indicative tense has several equivalents in English.

As in English, it can express present habitual actions:

Estudiamos español en la universidad.

We study Spanish at the university.

But, unlike English, it can also express ongoing actions:

En este momento estudiamos en la biblioteca.

Right now we’re studying in the library.

It can even express future actions:

Esta noche estudiamos para el examen.

Tonight we will study for the exam.

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La biblioteca es un buen lugar para estudiar.

estudio estudiamos

estudias estudiáis

estudia estudian

Verb forms that refer to people that are within the conversation flip to their “opposite” form.

¿Qué estudias?

Estudio matemáticas.

¿Qué estudias tú?

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La biblioteca es un buen lugar para estudiar.

estudio estudiamos

estudias estudiáis

estudia estudian

Verb forms that refer to people that are outside the conversation do not change.

¿Qué estudia Juan?

Estudia filosofía.

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Present-tense verbs in Spanish can have several English

equivalents. Each simple expression in Spanish may

convey three different ideas in English:

Estudio español.

(yo)

I study Spanish.

I do study Spanish.

I am studying Spanish.

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