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Beekeeping� in �Provence

From Patrick Molle

Professional beekeeper in

Pertuis (Vaucluse) France

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How did I end up here today?

  • Beekeeping in the 90’s

  • Travel-Liz-Deux Mondes-beekeeper

  • John Glawe IBM Ed Simon Duane&Beverly

  • I am just a professional beekeeper I never do presentations like this.

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France is one of the biggest countries in Europe which produces a high quantity of goods, many of them exported.

Meat, milk, grain, and wine, champagne, Cognac, Grand Marnier, absinthe, Calvados, Pastis …and 1200 cheeses.

For honey we export very little, like the US, we consume more than we produce.

 

Location

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Where ?

Provence is in the southeast, growing vines, olive oil, fruits, and lavender honey!

Hilly in the south, mountainous in the north

200 miles north to south and east/west

 

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Environment :

The Dry South

Temperate: greener with climate changes some drought

Maquis

Garrigue

Lavender

PreAlps

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Environment :

The Massif Central

Temperate: very sunny, some good rain. With climate changes it’s more erratic. Same latitude as Montreal

More foraging areas:

Ardèche Fir Forest

Ardèche

Chambon sur Lignon

Massif Central

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My Bees

  • I am located north of Marseille and Aix en Provence
  • 600 to 800 beehives
  • Species :

- Caucasienne

- Mass selection

- Buckfast

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My Business

  • Two Pickup trucks with a crane and a trailer
  • No employees except for extraction
  • Organic practice
  • Feeding practice/lavender honey analysis/ Organic= Only when necessary
  • Type of beekeeping : Extensive

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Annual Cycle of Beekeeping

Winter

Potential crops: arbutus, rosemary, white heather

Varroa treatment: Oxalic acid in February

Feeding candi

 

Rosemary

White heather

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Annual Cycle of Beekeeping

Spring

Potential crops: acacia, chestnut

First transhumance to acacia and then chestnut

Acacia

Chestnut

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Annual Cycle of Beekeeping

Spring

Breeding :

  • Graft on best producing beehives of the year before

  • Starter/finisher = I remove queens from 10 early starting beehives

  • Add one frame of cells (30) to each starter

  • D+9 or 10, Mix frames of 50 beehives in 150 nucs and introduce one or two Queen cells each

  • If I have time, 4 days later I verify presence of queen or not

  • Feeding new colonies, move them to Massif central

  • I reinforce with brood frames from old queen beehives

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Annual Cycle of Beekeeping: Summer

Potential crops : lavender, fir

Varroa treatment in July or August Oxalic acid

Fir

Lavender

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Annual Cycle of Beekeeping: Autumn

Nectar and pollen available: Ivy, rosemary, arbutus

Check brood and food supply

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Annual Cycle of Beekeeping: Autumn Sales

Sales in bulk through Coopérative Provence Miel

-60 Beekeepers, 300t

-Lavender 50%, Provence flowers 10% …

-PGI and red label “PROVENCE”

-First one to develop organic 60%

-Single source expensive honeys

-Solidarity, self managed

Zillions of beekeepers Meetings

13640 La Roque d’Anthéron (france)

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Challenges Faced by French Beekeepers

  • Global and European

Flooded by fake Honeys from Asia (Belgium, Spain, England, Ukraine, Poland)

 

  • French

Imports 50% of what we consume

Variation of production with climate changes

Organic and high valued Honeys sales plummet since Ukraine invasion Supermarket buying process changes due also to the threat of discount supermarket

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Challenges faced by French beekeepers

In Nature

Climate changes

Yellow legs Hornet

Varroa

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A wide variety of honey and taste from such a small area.

Rosemary

Blooming all winter but mainly March April,

Color very clear, fast crystallization pure white with light iridescent grey,

Taste slightly balsamic scent, some very light vegetal flavors but persistent

 

White heather “Mediterranean heath” (Erica)

Blooming March to early May,

Color amber fast crystallization,

Taste strong woody flavors licorice caramel taste

 

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A wide variety of honey and taste from such a small area.

Acacia

Blooming end of May/June,

Color light color,

Taste soft flavor, discreet flowery taste, liquid high fructose

 

Chestnut

Blooming May,

Color amber, granulous crystallization,

Taste strong lightly bitter woody flavors.

 

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A wide variety of honey and taste from such a small area.

Lavender

Blooming mid June to end of July,

Color light to pale yellow, white if crystallized,

Taste strong flowery scent, acetic, fruity and colored flavors. Persistent in mouth.

 

Fir

Honey flow potentially from June to September

Color black in massif central some green iridescence in the north east

Taste strong aroma, woody and sappy scents, malted taste, balsamique but soft overall.

 

Montagne and Provence flowers postcards for your palate.

 

More than 30 different monofloral honeys are produced in France

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À BIENTÔT