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The Arizona STEM Acceleration Project

Sounds of Music

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Sounds of Music STEAM PBL

A 6th-8th grade STEM lesson

Cassie Strahota

2023

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Notes for teachers

This is a problem-based unit that can take up to 2 weeks to finish if done within several 60-70 minute class periods.

Students will need access to a makerspace where they can get creative with a variety of different materials to create their models or prototypes.

Students will create a musical instrument out of recyclable materials as well as explain how the instrument produces sounds by explaining the science behind it.You will be a facilitator to this process.

List of Materials:

***Basic Makerspace materials, such as:

  • Cardboard (boxes)
  • popsicle sticks or small wood pieces
  • string
  • wire
  • various plastic pieces (recyclables)
  • metal pieces
  • rubber
  • foam
  • paint or other art supplies

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Standards

Science;

8.P4U1.3

Construct an explanation on how energy can be transferred from one energy store to another.

8.P4U1.4

Develop and use mathematical models to explain wave characteristics and interactions.

8.P4U2.5

Develop a solution to increase efficiency when transferring energy from one source to another.

LA8-W-1-A

Focus Standards

Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using accurate, credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text.

LA8-SL-5

Focus Standard

Integrate multimedia and visual displays into presentations to clarify information, strengthen claims and evidence, and add interest.

LA8-W-4

Focus Standard

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. .

LA8-W-6

Focus Standard

Use technology, including the internet, to produce and publish writing and present the relationships between information and ideas efficiently as well as to interact and collaborate with others.

Standards

ENGINEERING:

MS-ETS1-1.

Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions.

MS-ETS1-2.

Evaluate competing design solutions using a systematic process to determine how well they meet the criteria and constraints of the problem.

MS-ETS1-3.

Analyze data from tests to determine similarities and differences among several design solutions to identify the best characteristics of each that can be combined into a new solution to better meet the criteria for success.

MS-ETS1-4.

Develop a model to generate data for iterative testing and modification of a proposed object, tool, or process such that an optimal design can be achieved.

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Standards

Social Studies:

8.SP4.2 Evaluate the influence of various causes of events and developments in the past.

8.SP1.1 Analyze connections among events and developments in broader historical contexts.

8.SP1.2 Classify a series of historical events and developments as examples of change and/or continuity.

8.SP1.3 Evaluate the significance of past events and their effect on students’ lives and society.

8.SP1.4 Use questions generated about individuals and groups to analyze why they, and the developments they shaped, are historically significant.

Math

8.EE.1 Understand and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical expressions.

8.EE.3 Use numbers expressed in the form of a single digit times an integer power of 10 to estimate very large or very small quantities, and express how many times larger or smaller one is than the other.

8.EE.5 Graph proportional relationships interpreting the unit rate as the slope of the graph. Compare two different proportional relationships represented in

different ways. For example, compare a distance-time graph to a distance-time equation to determine which of two moving objects has greater speed

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Objectives:

Students will create a Google slideshow presentation to document their progress through the engineering design process, which includes: researching the science of sound, then creating an instrument out of recyclable materials.

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Agenda

PBL Unit can be done once weekly for 9 weeks, or could be done over a two-week period in classes that are 60-70 minutes in length

For example, I did “STEAM Fridays” where we dedicated this day each week to STEAM.

My school also often did “STEAM Week” where we spent the entire week working on a project such as this.

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Intro/Driving Question/Opening

Introduction:

Music is a form of art that uses vocal or instrumental sounds to create a composition. It can help us think better, analyze matters faster, and work more efficiently, not to mention how it makes us feel. We know the effect music has on us, but have you ever wondered about the Science behind music? How is sound produced and made to be musical?

Our task: How could we use the Science of music to create an instrument out of recyclable materials?

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Intro/Driving Question/Opening

DRIVING QUESTIONS: These are meant as ideas to spur your own inquiry:

CREATE A SLIDESHOW TO KEEP AN “ENGINEERING NOTEBOOK”. This will document your progress as you go through the Engineering Design Process. Answer the questions below as you progress through the process.

ASK PHASE~ *** Be sure to cite your sources!

SCIENCE:

  • What is sound?
  • How is it produced?
  • How do sound waves transfer energy?
  • What frequencies produce high and low pitches?
  • What are different ways that musical sounds can be made? How are they amplified?

MATH:

  • How do we hear sound waves?
  • How are sound waves measured?
  • How is sound wave intensity calculated?
  • How can I use algebraic equations to calculate the frequency, period, wavelength and velocity of a sound wave produced by an object or instrument?

SOCIAL STUDIES:

  • How do audibly impaired musicians sense, feel and create music?
  • How has music and its history influenced your life today?

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Hands-on Activity Instructions

  • Suggested group structure (3-5 students)

IMAGINE Phase~

  • What recyclable materials could be used to create an instrument?
  • What have others done?
  • How can you think outside the box? Be creative?
  • What instrument will you create? Describe. Be sure to include an explanation of how sound waves create sound in your instrument.
  • Your instrument must play at least 5 notes and a simple tune. How will you accomplish this?

PLAN Phase~

  • CREATE A SKETCH~ All members of your group must sketch their design ideas before you decide on a final design. Label and describe your design and how sound is created within your instrument.
  • What materials will you need to gather to create your instrument? Which members of your group will be responsible for which materials?
  • What tune could you play using your instrument?

CREATE Phase~

  • Build your instrument~ What tools could you use? (Technology? Recyclable materials?)
  • How will you make your idea come to life?
  • How will you push through the challenges?

IMPROVE Phase~

  • Test your instrument~ evaluate its effectiveness, accuracy, and function.
  • Make improvements~ What do you still need to do to accomplish your design execution?
  • Practice a tune you will play (all members of your group must play)

COMMUNICATE Phase~

  • How will you showcase your design? (Play your instrument)
  • Describe how sound is produced in your instrument
  • Be sure to use Science terms to explain
  • Perform your tune

*****DON’T FORGET WORKS CITED SLIDE!

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Hands-on Activity Instructions

DIRECTIONS:

  1. Think about the driving questions as you begin your research. Include answers to all of the questions. Please note that you will find and develop questions of your own while you research the Science of sound and creating a musical instrument. You should be documenting and answering those questions as well, as you progress through your research. Research and collect text evidence (quotes, facts, paraphrase ideas, pictures, cite sources).

  1. Plan to showcase how you and your team will create an instrument. Think about how you will communicate and share your process. Be prepared to communicate these ideas with a larger audience, along with a performance of your instrument.

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Assessment

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Differentiation

Support for instrument creation:

Instrument DIY

Remediation

Extension/Enrichment

Ideas for extension:

  • duet with another student group/instrument
  • write own music composition