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Comparative Cognition

Dr. Mark Berg

Associate Professor of Psychology

Stockton University

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Research Into Thinking

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Two Kinds of Thinking

  • Intuitive Fast Thinking
    1. Largely Unconscious, Naive, Paternicity, Rules of Thumb, Presuppositions, Biases, Assumptions, Intuitive Flaws, Cognitive Heuristics, Emotions.
  • Slow Critical Thinking
    • Requires practice and conscious effort.
    • Based on rules or conscious concepts.

Thinking Fast and Slow, Kahneman

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Heuristic Examples (Kahneman Thinking Fast and Slow):

(List of 48 Heuristics)

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  • The Halo Effect
    • This is the tendency to like or dislike everything about a person—including things you have not observed.
  • Representativeness
    • Baseball scouts used to recruit players based on how close their appearance resembled other good players.
  • Theory Induced Blindness
    • Once you have accepted a theory and used it as a tool in your thinking, it is extraordinarily difficult to notice its flaws.
  • The Endowment Effect
    • An object we own and use is more valuable to us than an object we don’t own and don’t use.

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Fast Thinking

In a group think of your own examples of this

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What are some pros and cons to this way of thinking?

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Two Kinds of Thinking

  • Intuitive Fast Thinking
    • Largely Unconscious, Naive, Paternicity, Rules of Thumb, Presuppositions, Biases, Assumptions, Intuitive Flaws, Cognitive Heuristics, Emotions.
  • Slow Critical Thinking
    • Requires practice and conscious effort.
    • Based on rules or conscious concepts

Usually can be written or verbalized

Thinking Fast and Slow, Kahneman

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Slow Thinking

In a group think of your own examples of this

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What are some pros and cons to this way of thinking?

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Elements of Thought/Reasoning Link:

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Fast Thinking Can Be Useful

Largely Unconscious

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Can be a good thing especially in our visual system

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What kind of automatic fast thinking are you doing when you watch the following?

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Animal Thinking Strategies

Do animals think like us?

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Do they use fast and slow strategies?

Or one or the other?

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Categorizing Abilities

Dr. Watanabe

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PIGEONS' DISCRIMINATION OF PAINTINGS BY MONET AND PICASSO

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Link

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Fast Thinking

How is this an example of trial and error learning?

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Fast and Slow Thinking

My Research: Comparing Different Species

Pigeons and Monkeys

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Fast Thinking

How is this an example of trial and error learning?

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Fast and Slow Thinking

My Research: Animals do both depending on the species

Implicit and explicit categorization: A tale of four species

Link

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Video of Rocky & Rio

Link

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Fast and Slow Thinking

SEA LIONS AND EQUIVALENCE: EXPANDING CLASSES BY EXCLUSION

  • Learning of new stimulus relations
  • Works for novel stimulus
  • Not trial and error
  • Rule based
    • What kind of thinking is this?

Kastak 2013

PDF

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Two Kinds of Thinking

  1. Intuitive Fast Thinking
    • Largely Unconscious, Naive, Patternicity, Rules of Thumb, Presuppositions, Biases, Assumptions, Intuitive Flaws, Cognitive Heuristics.
  2. Slow Critical Thinking
    • Requires practice and conscious effort

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Animal Thinking Strategies

Discuss these questions with your group:

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Do animals think like us?

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Do they use fast and slow strategies?

Or one or the other?

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Why is this an important question?